Ammonia
is
an
alternative
marine
fuel
to
reduce
greenhouse
gas
emissions.
Conducting
studies
on
ammonia
bunkering
risk
essential
as
toxic
and
corrosive
humans
the
environment.
This
study
aims
assess
operational
from
perspectives
of
small,
medium
large
release
scales.
Scaling
releases
small
results
in
more
changes
cloud
footprints
at
lower
concentrations.
Conversely,
transitioning
causes
higher
concentrations
lethality
with
values.
Moreover,
this
performs
a
sensitivity
analysis
supply,
release,
meteorological
factors.
Wind
speed
most
significant
factor
releases,
while
hose
diameter
releases.
Under
given
inputs,
50%
change
wind
can
have
up
100%
1100
ppm
maximum
footprint
for
1228%
Similarly,
result
1638%
The
research
provides
valuable
insights
into
analysing
considering
different
assessment
criteria.
Journal of Marine Engineering & Technology,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown, P. 1 - 20
Published: Jan. 3, 2025
Ammonia
is
a
promising
option
for
hydrogen
storage,
offering
high
density,
low-pressure
and
stability.
engines
are
increasingly
adopted
in
vessels
like
ferries
cargo
ships,
showing
promise
emissions
reduction
economic
benefits.
However,
its
toxic,
flammable,
corrosive
nature
poses
safety
challenges
compared
to
other
fuels.
The
study
identified
risks
associated
with
the
release,
dispersion,
hazardous
zones
of
ammonia.
A
standardised
procedure
assessing
risk
ammonia
release
engine
room
established.
case
involves
unintentional
299
GT
general
ship.
FLACS-CFD
22.2
employed
model
leakage
under
various
scenarios.
examines
influence
leak
rates
(0.05
,
1
kg/s,
10
kgs
50
kg/s),
directions
(longitual,
transverse
vertical
leaks),
hole
size
(0.05,
0.5,
5
mm)
on
dispersion
behaviour
findings
indicate
that
vapour
cloud
tends
accumulate
direction
leakage,
particularly
at
corner
formed
by
equipment,
surrounds
outlet
ventilation.
Two
crucial
factors
affecting
considerations
toxicity
flammable
limits
It
recommended
implement
effective
ventilation
reduce
harmful
effects
release.
This
contributes
ongoing
efforts
adopting
as
viable
alternative
fuel
maritime
sector,
contributing
reduced
airborne
exhaust
environmental
impact.
Energies,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
17(2), P. 512 - 512
Published: Jan. 20, 2024
This
study
comprehensively
reviews
the
current
academic
literature
concerning
safety
and
risk
assessment
associated
with
utilization
of
liquefied
natural
gas
(LNG)
in
ship-to-ship
bunkering
scenarios.
Simultaneously,
it
explores
complex
system
regulations,
standards,
guidelines
that
oversee
thorough
evaluation
risks
linked
to
LNG
procedures.
Special
attention
is
given
scrutiny
legal
frameworks
encompass
a
range
considerations,
such
as
storage
facilities,
transportation,
processes,
vessels
involved
both
receiving.
The
research
questions
are
formulated
provide
clear
direction
objectives
for
this
study’s
journey.
main
hazards
related
identified
analyzed.
framework
analyzed,
opportunities
improvement
these
documents
identified.
general
methodology
procedure
process
summarized
established.
From
an
extensive
compilation
scholarly
articles,
210
high-quality
papers
have
been
deliberately
selected
examination.
gaps
Through
analysis,
highlighted
studies
key
points
mentioned
also
outlined
predict
future
directions
on
establishing
zones
during
bunkering.
Recommendations
made
propose
improvements
suggest
further
establishment
relevant
authorities.
International Journal of Hydrogen Energy,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
78, P. 1224 - 1239
Published: July 3, 2024
The
demand
for
hydrogen
in
South
Korea
is
projected
to
reach
3.9
Mt
by
2030,
of
which
2.96
clean
aimed
2030.
As
such,
we
conduct
an
economic
analysis
a
low
greenhouse
gas
emission
supply
chain
using
several
H2
transportation
methods
this
study.
types
chains
considered
are
green
and
blue
ammonia;
liquid
(LH2)
imported
from
the
Gulf
Cooperation
Council
(GCC)
region;
produced
Korea.
A
base-case
shows
that
ammonia
scenario
most
cost-effective
option
with
3.40
USD/kgH2,
followed
domestic
4.33
4.56
USD/kgH2.
In
environmental
analysis,
lowest
CO2
footprint
4.20
kgCO2/kgH2,
LH2
6.26
7.34
kgCO2/kgH2.
World,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
6(2), P. 47 - 47
Published: April 8, 2025
The
maritime
transport
industry
contributes
around
3%
to
worldwide
CO2
emissions,
with
2023
emissions
projected
be
approximately
58
billion
tons.
Consequently,
attain
decarbonization
objectives,
the
implementation
of
effective
reduction
measures
in
operations,
especially
at
seaports
as
significant
contributors,
is
essential.
On
other
hand,
seaport
operations
are
categorized
into
two
main
areas:
land
logistics,
encompassing
cargo
handling,
storage,
customs
processing,
and
inland
transportation,
which
includes
vessel
traffic
management,
berth
allocation,
loading
unloading,
fuel
maintenance
services.
While
logistics’
has
been
extensively
studied,
logistics
accounting
for
about
60%
port
remain
underexplored.
Their
progress
relies
on
regulations,
cleaner
fuels,
digital
solutions;
yet
high
costs
slow
adoption
pose
challenges.
As
a
result,
this
study
employed
PRISMA-ScR
methodology
select
relevant
research
resources
validate
global
reports
from
international
organizations,
enhancing
transparency
providing
practitioners
experts
comprehensive
analysis
well
initiatives.
This
analyzes
future
trajectory
initiative
based
current
data,
evaluating
its
potential
benefits
systematically
reviewing
recent
literature.
It
explores
strategies
emphasizing
solutions
while
highlighting
challenges
such
adoption.
Key
issues
examined
include
border
delineation,
infrastructure
constraints,
technological
advancements,
regulatory
barriers,
opportunities
that
decarbonized
offer
ports
their
surrounding
regions.
Energy Reports,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
10, P. 1521 - 1537
Published: Aug. 21, 2023
This
paper
presents
a
novel
multigeneration
system
that
utilizes
ammonia
as
the
primary
fuel
for
marine
vessel
applications.
The
integrates
and
thermodynamically
investigates
various
components,
including
solid
oxide
cells
(SOFC),
gas
turbines
(GT),
proton
exchange
membrane
(PEMFC),
organic
Rankine
cycle
(ORC),
steam
(SRC),
Kalina
(KC),
waste
heat
boiler
(WHB).
objective
of
integration
strategy
is
to
recover
from
SOFC
harness
power
generated
by
PEMFC,
resulting
in
improved
thermal
efficiency,
reduced
startup
time,
enhanced
environmental
sustainability.
Mathematical
models
have
been
developed
facilitate
examination
system's
thermodynamic
performance.
Comprehensive
modeling
employing
energy
exergy
analysis
methods
employed
evaluate
effectiveness
both
proposed
its
subsystem.
Moreover,
destruction
all
components
integrated
subsystems
quantified
provide
comprehensive
understanding
their
impact.
projected
exhibits
an
efficiency
60.69%
57.50%.
recovery
combined
systems
generate
1634.46
kW,
accounting
30.07%
total
output
system.
performance
was
analyzed
through
parametric
studies,
where
different
values
current
density,
distribution
ratio
(β)
(from
0.1–0.4),
δ
parameter
0–0.5)
were
examined.
findings
revealed
increasing
density
led
decrease
despite
overall
rise
cogeneration
capable
providing
1081
kg/h
superheated
at
162
°C
405
kPa
fulfill
heating
requirements
lubricating
oil,
devices,
accommodation
seafarers
on
board
ship.
International Journal of Hydrogen Energy,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
83, P. 1429 - 1447
Published: Aug. 18, 2024
Global
warming's
major
cause
is
the
emission
of
greenhouse-effect
gases
(GHG),
especially
carbon
dioxide
(CO2)
whose
main
source
combustion
fossil
fuels.
Fossil
fuels
serve
as
primary
energy
in
many
industries,
including
shipping,
which
focus
this
study.
One
measures
proposed
to
tackle
GHG
emissions
development
green
shipping
corridors
-
carbon-free
routes
that
require
transition
alternative
fuels,
are
gaining
competitiveness.
reasons
for
pricing,
taxes
CO2
emissions.
However,
lack
consensus
on
most
cost-advantageous
fuel
long
run
results
delay
implementation
corridors.
To
make
it
more
accessible
stakeholders
conduct
an
economic
analysis
various
options,
a
framework
determine
and
minimize
costs
transitioning
from
any
proposed,
over
period
one
voyage,
considering
lost
opportunity
cost,
deployment
cost
bunkering
vessels
at
necessary
call
ports,
converting
vessel,
car-bon
tax
cost.
This
will
allow
choose
economical
fuel,
accelerating
corridor
initiatives.
validate
effectiveness
framework,
was
applied
case
study
involving
shipowner
seeking
heavy
oil
(HFO)
Ammonia,
Hydrogen,
Liquefied
Natural
Gas
(LNG),
or
Methanol.
faced
limitations
due
unknown
installing
Ammonia
Hydrogen.
evaluates
cost-effectiveness
providing
insights
into
their
short-term
viability.
The
showed
Hydrogen
until
per
vessel
1,990,285$
sailing
speed
22
knots
2,190,171$
18
reached,
after
LNG
becomes
option
regardless
variations
tax.
Moreover,
sensitivity
conducted
effects
parameters,
such
tax,
prices
conversion
total
each
option.
Results
highlighted
even
though
HFO
remains
option,
when
high
increase
gap
between
narrows
significantly
with
Furthermore,
impacts
fuels'
competitiveness,
difference
decreases
higher
speeds.
Journal of Hazardous Materials,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
468, P. 133757 - 133757
Published: Feb. 10, 2024
Ammonia
is
an
alternative
marine
fuel
to
reduce
greenhouse
gas
emissions.
Conducting
studies
on
ammonia
bunkering
risk
essential
as
toxic
and
corrosive
humans
the
environment.
This
study
aims
assess
operational
from
perspectives
of
small,
medium
large
release
scales.
Scaling
releases
small
results
in
more
changes
cloud
footprints
at
lower
concentrations.
Conversely,
transitioning
causes
higher
concentrations
lethality
with
values.
Moreover,
this
performs
a
sensitivity
analysis
supply,
release,
meteorological
factors.
Wind
speed
most
significant
factor
releases,
while
hose
diameter
releases.
Under
given
inputs,
50%
change
wind
can
have
up
100%
1100
ppm
maximum
footprint
for
663%
Similarly,
result
1689%
The
research
provides
valuable
insights
into
analysing
considering
different
assessment
criteria.
toxicity
corrosiveness
are
major
concerns
when
used
fuel.
pose
humans,
it
rapidly
fumes,
causing
severe
chemical
burns
upon
contact
skin
or
eyes.
Its
environment
raises
additional
operations
regularly
conducted
terminal
anchorage
area.
paper
assessed
It
shows
impacts
factors
consequences
scales
employing
distinct
Energy & Fuels,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
38(6), P. 4946 - 4965
Published: March 7, 2024
Within
the
context
of
carbon
control
strategies,
development
and
utilization
renewable
energy
emerge
as
indispensable
pathways
to
addressing
crisis
environmental
challenges.
The
substantial
increase
in
share
electricity
generated
from
sources
introduces
issues
such
instability
intermittency,
posing
significant
challenges
stability
electrical
grid.
Consequently,
enhancing
flexibility
coal-fired
power
units
is
paramount
importance
for
maintaining
balance
supply
demand
within
system
managing
grid
fluctuations.
Ammonia
storage,
an
innovative
chemical
storage
solution,
regarded
effective
approach
augment
system's
capability
incorporate
generation
enhance
plants.
This
paper
summarizes
three
reduction
technologies
methodologies
framework
elucidating
advantages
value
that
ammonia
contributes
process
increasing
plant
flexibility.
It
proposes
a
method
coupling
green
with
conventional
thermal
through
electrolytic
production,
tailored
Additionally,
it
identifies
two
principal
applications
plants
carbon-free
fuel
absorbent.
Finally,
anticipates
future
trends
ammonia's
role
