Mitochondrial microRNAs: Key Drivers in Unraveling Neurodegenerative Diseases

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(2), P. 626 - 626

Published: Jan. 13, 2025

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) crucial for regulating gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. Recent evidence has shown that miRNAs also found in mitochondria, organelles produce energy cell. These mitochondrial miRNAs, known as mitomiRs, essential function and metabolism. MitomiRs can originate from nucleus, following traditional miRNA biogenesis pathways, or potentially DNA, allowing them to directly affect cellular dynamics within mitochondrion. While have been extensively investigated, involvement mitomiRs development neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s amyotrophic lateral sclerosis remain be elucidated. This review aims discuss findings on role such diseases their potential therapeutic targets, well highlight future research directions.

Language: Английский

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Resting-State EEG Oscillations in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS): Toward Mechanistic Insights and Clinical Markers

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(2), P. 545 - 545

Published: Jan. 16, 2025

Introduction: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a complex, progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the degeneration of motor neurons in brain, brainstem, and spinal cord. Several neuroimaging techniques can help reveal pathophysiology ALS. One these electroencephalogram (EEG), noninvasive relatively inexpensive tool for examining electrical activity brain with excellent temporal precision. Methods: This mechanistic review examines pattern resting-state EEG activity. With focus on publications published between January 1995 October 2024, we carried out comprehensive search 2024 across number databases, including PubMed/Medline, Research Gate, Google Scholar, Cochrane. Results: The literature yielded 17 studies included this review. varied significantly their methodology patient characteristics. Despite this, common biomarker typical ALS was found-reduced alpha power. Regarding other oscillations, findings are less consistent sometimes contradictory. As review, three possible explanations provided. main most important one increased cortical excitability. In addition, due to limitations studies, recommendations future research topic outlined enable further better understanding patterns Conclusions: Most showed power deficits patients, reflecting pathological hyperexcitability cerebral cortex. Future should address methodological identified small sample sizes, inconsistent frequency-band definitions, insufficient functional outcome measures, solidify extend current findings.

Language: Английский

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Roles of multimodality imaging in rare neuromuscular and neurodegenerative diseases

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 23, 2025

Physicians face challenges in diagnosing and managing of neuromuscular neurodegenerative diseases, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Huntington’s disease, they are rare, clinically variable, often misdiagnosed by traditional diagnostic methods. To overcome these challenges, multimodality imaging, combining techniques like magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), positron emission (PET), ultrasound, has emerged to provide complementary structural, functional, molecular data. This review discusses the roles diagnosing, monitoring, rare diseases. Structural changes neural connectivity identified MRI, metabolic abnormalities detected PET. Real time evaluation nerve muscle is provided whereas CT aids respiratory function skeletal structures. These methods combined improve accuracy further understanding disease mechanisms. Emerging multimodal techniques, ultra-high-field MRI hybrid PET-MRI systems, being developed greater resolution efficiency. Multimodality a critical tool improving care patients with disorders. However, its widespread use hindered high costs, limited access, need for standardized protocols validation. Future directions include development biomarkers, integration other methods, artificial intelligence analyze complex

Language: Английский

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Genomic and transcriptomic analyses reveal the genetic basis of leg diseases in laying hens

Poultry Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 104(3), P. 104887 - 104887

Published: Feb. 13, 2025

Language: Английский

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Sarkopene Adipositas im Alter: Ursachen, Folgen und Behandlungsansätze

Adipositas - Ursachen Folgeerkrankungen Therapie, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 19(01), P. 18 - 25

Published: Feb. 28, 2025

Zusammenfassung Adipositas ist ein bekanntes Gesundheitsproblem, das durch gleichzeitige Vorliegen einer Sarkopenie, also einem Verlust von Muskelmasse und -kraft, verstärkt wird. Vor allem Hochaltrige sind häufiger negativen Gesundheitsfolgen wie Mobilitätseinschränkungen, chronischen Erkrankungen, kognitiven Defiziten, reduzierter Lebensqualität erhöhtem Mortalitätsrisiko betroffen. In Deutschland liegt die Prävalenz bei über 65-Jährigen 4,5%. Ursachen biologische Faktoren altersbedingter Muskelabbau, chronische Entzündungen, hormonelle Veränderungen (z. B. Hormonmangel) sowie sitzender Lebensstil hochkalorische Ernährung. Laut ESPEN-EASO sollten alle 70-Jährigen Patient*innen solche mit Erkrankungen auf sarkopene untersucht werden. Zur Diagnosestellung werden Muskelkraft Körperzusammensetzung (mittels DXA oder BIA) gemessen. Im Staging bereits entstandene Folgeerkrankungen erfasst. Therapeutisch Krafttraining proteinreiche Ernährung zentral. Präventiv Sarkopenie regelmäßige Bewegung ausgewogene verhindert

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Neural Excitatory/Inhibitory Imbalance in Motor Aging: From Genetic Mechanisms to Therapeutic Challenges

Biology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(3), P. 272 - 272

Published: March 7, 2025

Neural excitatory/inhibitory (E/I) imbalance plays a pivotal role in the aging process. However, despite its significant impact, of E/I motor dysfunction and neurodegenerative diseases has not received sufficient attention. This review explores mechanisms underlying through lens balance, emphasizing genetic molecular factors that contribute to this (such as SCN2A, CACNA1C, GABRB3, GRIN2A, SYT, BDNF…). Key regulatory genes, including REST, vps-34, STXBP1, are examined for their roles modulating synaptic activity neuronal function during aging. With insights drawn from ALS, we discuss how disruptions balance pathophysiology age-related dysfunction. The genes discussed above exhibit certain association with neuron (like ALS), relationship had been previously recognized. Innovative therapies, such gene editing technology optogenetic manipulation, emerging promising tools restoring offering hope ameliorating deficits potential these technologies intervene aging-related diseases, challenges direct application human conditions.

Language: Английский

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Cognitive Handwriting Insights for Alzheimer’s Diagnosis: A Hybrid Framework

Information, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16(3), P. 249 - 249

Published: March 20, 2025

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a persistent neurologic disorder that has no cure. For successful treatment to be implemented, it essential diagnose AD at an early stage, which may occur up eight years before dementia manifests. In this regard, new predictive machine learning model proposed works in two stages and takes advantage of both unsupervised supervised approaches provide fast, affordable, yet accurate solution. The first stage involved fuzzy partitioning gold-standard dataset, DARWIN (Diagnosis AlzheimeR WIth haNdwriting). This dataset consists clinical features designed detect through handwriting analysis. To determine the optimal number clusters, four Clustering Validity Indices (CVIs) were averaged, we refer as cognitive features. During second was constructed exclusively from these comparison models relying on datasets featuring attributes, incorporating showed substantial performance enhancements, ranging 12% 26%. Our surpassed all current state-of-the-art models, achieving mean accuracy 99%, sensitivity 98%, specificity 100%, precision MCC Cohen’s Kappa along with AUC-ROC score 99%. Hence, integrating output into significantly improved their performance. process crafting interventions for individuals heightened risk onset, our prognostic framework can aid recruitment advancement trials.

Language: Английский

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Comparative Study of Structural and Functional Rearrangements in Skeletal Muscle Mitochondria of SOD1-G93A Transgenic Mice at Pre-, Early-, and Late-Symptomatic Stages of ALS Progression

Frontiers in Bioscience-Landmark, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 30(3)

Published: March 18, 2025

Background: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive multisystem disease characterized by limb and trunk muscle weakness that attributed, in part, to abnormalities mitochondrial ultrastructure impaired functions. This study investigated the time course of structural functional rearrangements skeletal mitochondria combination with motor impairments Tg (copper-zinc superoxide dismutase enzyme (SOD1) G93A) dl1/GurJ (referred as SOD1-G93A/low) male mice, familial ALS model, compared non-transgenic littermates. Methods: The neurological status functions were assessed weekly using paw grip endurance method grid suspension test two-limb four-limb tasks. Transmission electron microscopy followed quantitative analysis was performed ultrastructural alterations quadriceps femoris. Functional high-resolution Oxygraph-2k (O2K) respirometry methods for assessing calcium retention capacity index content lipid peroxidation products freshly isolated preparations. Results: Based on behavioral phenotyping data, specific age groups identified: postnatal day 56 (P56) (n = 10–11), 84 (P84) 156 (P154) 10–12), representing pre-symptomatic, early-symptomatic late-symptomatic stages progression SOD1-G93A/low respectively. Electron showed mosaic destructive changes subsarcolemmal fibers femoris from 84-day-old mice. Morphometric revealed an elevation mean size SOD1-G93A mice at P84 P154. In addition, P154 transgenic group demonstrated decrease sarcomere width number per unit area. At symptomatic stage, exhibited decreased respiratory control ratio, ADP-stimulated, uncoupled respiration rates muscle, measured respirometry. parallel, lower increased levels control. Conclusions: Taken together, these results indicate stage-dependent associated defective oxidative phosphorylation, homeostasis, damage mouse which appears be promising direction development therapies ALS.

Language: Английский

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Electrochemically Active Materials for Tissue-Interfaced Soft Biochemical Sensing

ACS Sensors, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 21, 2025

Tissue-interfaced soft biochemical sensing represents a crucial approach to personalized healthcare by employing electrochemically active materials monitor signals at the tissue interface in real time, either noninvasively or through implantation. These sensors can be integrated with various biological tissues, such as neural, gastrointestinal, ocular, cardiac, skin, muscle, and bone, adapting their unique mechanical environments. Sensors like conductive polymers, composites, metals, metal oxides, carbon-based nanomaterials have demonstrated capabilities applications, continuous glucose monitoring, neural activity mapping, real-time metabolite detection, enhancing diagnostics treatment monitoring across range of medical fields. Next-generation tissue-interfaced biosensors that enable multimodal multiplexed measurement markers physiological parameters could transformative for medicine, allowing high-resolution, time-resolved historical an individual's health status. In this review, we summarize current trends field provide insights into challenges future trajectory sensors, highlighting potential revolutionize medicine improve patient outcomes.

Language: Английский

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