Magnetic field effects in biology from the perspective of the radical pair mechanism

Journal of The Royal Society Interface, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 19(193)

Published: Aug. 1, 2022

Hundreds of studies have found that weak magnetic fields can significantly influence various biological systems. However, the underlying mechanisms behind these phenomena remain elusive. Remarkably, energies implicated in effects are much smaller than thermal energies. Here, we review observations, and suggest an explanation based on radical pair mechanism, which involves quantum dynamics electron nuclear spins transient molecules. While mechanism has been studied detail context avian magnetoreception, reviewed here show magnetosensitivity is widespread throughout biology. We field physiological functions, discussing static, hypomagnetic oscillating fields, as well isotope effects. then a potential unifying model for described effects, discuss plausible candidate molecules pairs. recent proposing provides explanations xenon anaesthesia lithium treatment hyperactivity, circadian clock, neurogenesis microtubule assembly. conclude by future lines investigation this exciting new area

Language: Английский

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The shared molecular mechanisms underlying aging of the brain, major depressive disorder, and Alzheimer's disease: The role of circadian rhythm disturbances

Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 123, P. 110721 - 110721

Published: Jan. 23, 2023

Language: Английский

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Modulation of the Circadian Rhythm and Oxidative Stress as Molecular Targets to Improve Vascular Dementia: A Pharmacological Perspective

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(8), P. 4401 - 4401

Published: April 16, 2024

The circadian rhythms generated by the master biological clock located in brain's hypothalamus influence central physiological processes. At molecular level, a core set of genes interact to form transcription-translation feedback loops that provide basis rhythm. In animal models disease, desynchronization peripheral tissues with has been detected. Interestingly, patients vascular dementia have sleep disorders and irregular patterns. These alterations impact hormonal levels, cardiovascular health (including blood pressure regulation vessel function), pattern expression activity antioxidant enzymes. Additionally, oxidative stress can arise from ischemia-reperfusion injury, amyloid-beta production, abnormal phosphorylation tau protein, neurotransmitters, among others. Several signaling pathways are involved pathogenesis dementia. While precise mechanisms linking still being studied, there is evidence suggest maintaining healthy patterns supporting proper rhythm function may be important for reducing risk Here, we reviewed main action targets related cycle

Language: Английский

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Cellular Metabolism: A Fundamental Component of Degeneration in the Nervous System

Biomolecules, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(5), P. 816 - 816

Published: May 11, 2023

It is estimated that, at minimum, 500 million individuals suffer from cellular metabolic dysfunction, such as diabetes mellitus (DM), throughout the world. Even more concerning knowledge that disease intimately tied to neurodegenerative disorders, affecting both central and peripheral nervous systems well leading dementia, seventh cause of death. New innovative therapeutic strategies address metabolism, apoptosis, autophagy, pyroptosis, mechanistic target rapamycin (mTOR), AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK), growth factor signaling with erythropoietin (EPO), risk factors apolipoprotein E (APOE-ε4) gene coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) can offer valuable insights for clinical care treatment disorders impacted by disease. Critical insight into modulation these complex pathways are required since mTOR pathways, AMPK activation, improve memory retention in Alzheimer's (AD) DM, promote healthy aging, facilitate clearance β-amyloid (Aß) tau brain, control inflammation, but also may lead cognitive loss long-COVID syndrome through mechanisms include oxidative stress, mitochondrial cytokine release, APOE-ε4 if autophagy other programmed cell death left unchecked.

Language: Английский

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The impact of aging and oxidative stress in metabolic and nervous system disorders: programmed cell death and molecular signal transduction crosstalk

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Nov. 8, 2023

Life expectancy is increasing throughout the world and coincides with a rise in non-communicable diseases (NCDs), especially for metabolic disease that includes diabetes mellitus (DM) neurodegenerative disorders. The debilitating effects of disorders influence entire body significantly affect nervous system impacting greater than one billion people disability peripheral as well cognitive loss, now seventh leading cause death worldwide. Metabolic disorders, such DM, neurologic remain significant challenge treatment care individuals since present therapies may limit symptoms but do not halt overall progression. These clinical challenges to address interplay between warrant innovative strategies can focus upon underlying mechanisms aging-related oxidative stress, cell senescence, death. Programmed pathways involve autophagy, apoptosis, ferroptosis, pyroptosis play critical role oversee processes include insulin resistance, β-cell function, mitochondrial integrity, reactive oxygen species release, inflammatory activation. silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1

Language: Английский

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Circle(s) of Life: The Circadian Clock from Birth to Death

Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(3), P. 383 - 383

Published: Feb. 28, 2023

Most lifeforms on earth use endogenous, so-called circadian clocks to adapt 24-h cycles in environmental demands driven by the planet’s rotation around its axis. Interactions with environment change over course of a lifetime, and so does regulation clock system. In this review, we summarize how develop humans experimental rodents during embryonic development, they mature after birth what changes occur puberty, adolescence increasing age. Special emphasis is laid reproductive systems as major organizers life segments span. We discuss differences sexes outline potential areas for future research. Finally, options medical applications lifespan chronobiology are discussed.

Language: Английский

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The Metabolic Basis for Nervous System Dysfunction in Alzheimer’s Disease, Parkinson’s Disease, and Huntington’s Disease

Current Neurovascular Research, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 20(3), P. 314 - 333

Published: July 25, 2023

Disorders of metabolism affect multiple systems throughout the body but may have greatest impact on both central and peripheral nervous systems. Currently available treatments behavior changes for disorders that include diabetes mellitus (DM) system diseases are limited cannot reverse disease burden. Greater access to healthcare a longer lifespan led an increased prevalence metabolic neurodegenerative disorders. In light these challenges, innovative studies into underlying pathways offer new treatment perspectives Alzheimer's Disease, Parkinson's Huntington's Disease. Metabolic intimately tied can lead debilitating outcomes, such as multi-nervous disease, susceptibility viral pathogens, long-term cognitive disability. Novel strategies robustly address involve careful consideration cellular metabolism, programmed cell death pathways, mechanistic target rapamycin (mTOR) its associated mTOR Complex 1 (mTORC1), 2 (mTORC2), AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), growth factor signaling, risk factors apolipoprotein E (APOE-ε4) gene. Yet, complex necessitate comprehensive understanding achieve clinical outcomes susceptibility, onset, progression.

Language: Английский

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The contribution of circadian clock to the biological processes

Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: June 6, 2024

All organisms have various circadian, behavioral, and physiological 24-h periodic rhythms, which are controlled by the circadian clock. The clock controls behavioral rhythms. In mammals, primary is present in suprachiasmatic nucleus of hypothalamus. rhythm interaction between negative positive feedback loops, consisting crucial regulators (including Bmal1 Clock), three cycles (mPer1, mPer2, mPer3), two cryptochromes (Cry1 Cry2). development early mammalian embryos an ordered complex biological process that includes stages from fertilized eggs to blastocysts undergoes important morphological changes, such as blastocyst formation, cell multiplication, compaction. affects onset timing embryonic development. many processes, including eating time, immune function, sleep, energy metabolism, endocrinology, therefore, it also for overall health, growth after birth. This review summarized effects body's activities. A new strategy proposed prevention malformations or diseases regulating changing

Language: Английский

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Cognitive Impairment in Multiple Sclerosis

Bioengineering, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 10(7), P. 871 - 871

Published: July 23, 2023

Almost three million individuals suffer from multiple sclerosis (MS) throughout the world, a demyelinating disease in nervous system with increased prevalence over last five decades, and is now being recognized as one significant etiology of cognitive loss dementia. Presently, modifying therapies can limit rate relapse potentially reduce brain volume patients MS, but unfortunately cannot prevent progression or onset disability. Innovative strategies are therefore required to address areas inflammation, immune cell activation, survival that involve novel pathways programmed death, mammalian forkhead transcription factors (FoxOs), mechanistic target rapamycin (mTOR), AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK), silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1 (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) (SIRT1), associated apolipoprotein E (APOE-ε4) gene severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). These intertwined at levels metabolic oversight cellular metabolism dependent upon nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+). Insight into mechanisms these provide new avenues discovery for therapeutic treatment dementia cognition occurs during MS.

Language: Английский

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Cornerstone Cellular Pathways for Metabolic Disorders and Diabetes Mellitus: Non-Coding RNAs, Wnt Signaling, and AMPK

Cells, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(22), P. 2595 - 2595

Published: Nov. 9, 2023

Metabolic disorders and diabetes (DM) impact more than five hundred million individuals throughout the world are insidious in onset, chronic nature, yield significant disability death. Current therapies that address nutritional status, weight management, pharmacological options may delay but cannot alter disease course or functional organ loss, such as dementia degeneration of systemic bodily functions. Underlying these challenges onset aging associated with increased lifespan, telomere dysfunction, oxidative stress generation lead to multi-system dysfunction. These hurdles point urgent need underlying mechanisms innovative applications. New treatment strategies involve non-coding RNA pathways microRNAs (miRNAs) circular ribonucleic acids (circRNAs), Wnt signaling, Wnt1 inducible signaling pathway protein 1 (WISP1) dependent upon programmed cell death pathways, cellular metabolic AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) nicotinamide, growth factor Non-coding RNAs, AMPK cornerstone for overseeing complex offer avenues DM will necessitate continued appreciation ability each independently unison influence clinical outcome.

Language: Английский

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