Frontiers in Immunology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
15
Published: Dec. 23, 2024
Pathogenic
bacteria
trigger
complex
molecular
interactions
in
hosts
that
are
characterized
mainly
by
an
increase
reactive
oxygen
species
(ROS)
as
well
inflammation-associated
response.
To
counteract
oxidative
damage,
cells
respond
through
protective
mechanisms
to
promote
resistance
and
avoid
tissue
damage
infection;
among
these
cellular
the
activation
or
inhibition
of
nuclear
factor
E2-related
2
(Nrf2)
is
frequently
observed.
The
transcription
Nrf2
considered
master
regulator
several
hundred
cytoprotective
antioxidant
genes.
Under
normal
conditions,
Keap1/Nrf2
signaling
protects
environment
sensing
deleterious
radicals
inducing
expression
genes
coding
for
proteins
intended
neutralize
harmful
effects
ROS.
However,
have
developed
strategies
harness
activity
their
own
benefit,
complicating
host
This
review
aimed
present
most
recent
information
probable
employed
a
variety
modulate
order
survive
infected
tissue.
Particularly,
those
utilized
Gram-positive
Staphylococcus
aureus
,
Streptococcus
pneumoniae
Listeria
monocytogenes
Mycobacterium
tuberculosis
Gram-negative
Escherichia
coli
Helicobacter
pylori
Legionella
pneumophila
Pseudomonas
aeruginosa
Salmonella
typhimurium
.
We
also
discuss
highlight
beneficial
impact
anti-inflammatory
role
bacterial
clearance.
Antioxidants,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
14(3), P. 360 - 360
Published: March 19, 2025
Oxidative
stress
plays
an
essential
role
in
neurodegenerative
pathophysiology,
acting
as
both
a
critical
signaling
mediator
and
driver
of
neuronal
damage.
Hydrogen
sulfide
(H2S),
versatile
gasotransmitter,
exhibits
similarly
“Janus-faced”
nature,
potent
antioxidant
cytoprotective
molecule
at
physiological
concentrations,
but
becoming
detrimental
when
dysregulated.
This
review
explores
the
dual
roles
oxidative
H2S
normal
cellular
physiology
focusing
on
disease
progression.
We
highlight
potential
therapeutic
opportunities
for
targeting
redox
sulfur-based
systems
diseases
by
elucidating
intricate
balance
between
these
opposing
forces.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
26(7), P. 2969 - 2969
Published: March 25, 2025
Photodynamic
therapy
(PDT)
is
an
innovative
treatment
that
has
recently
been
approved
for
clinical
use
and
holds
promise
cancer
patients.
It
offers
several
benefits,
such
as
low
systemic
toxicity,
minimal
invasiveness,
the
ability
to
stimulate
antitumor
immune
responses.
For
certain
types
of
cancer,
it
shown
positive
results
with
few
side
effects.
However,
PDT
still
faces
some
challenges,
including
limited
light
penetration
into
deeper
tumor
tissues,
uneven
distribution
photosensitizer
(PS)
can
also
affect
healthy
cells,
difficulties
posed
by
hypoxic
microenvironment
(TME).
In
conditions,
PDT's
effectiveness
reduced
due
insufficient
production
reactive
oxygen
species,
which
limits
destruction
lead
relapse.
This
review
highlights
recent
advances
in
photosensitizers
nanotechnologies
are
being
developed
improve
PDT.
focuses
on
multifunctional
nanoplatforms
nanoshuttles
have
preclinical
studies,
especially
treating
solid
tumors.
One
key
areas
focus
development
PSs
specifically
target
mitochondria
treat
deep-seated
malignant
New
mitochondria-targeting
nano-PSs
designed
better
water
solubility
extended
wavelength
ranges,
allowing
them
tumors
more
effectively,
even
challenging,
environments.
These
advancements
opening
new
doors
treatment,
when
combined
other
therapeutic
strategies.
Moving
forward,
research
should
optimizing
PDT,
creating
efficient
drug
delivery
systems,
developing
smarter
platforms.
Ultimately,
these
efforts
aim
make
a
first-choice
option
Journal of Cell Science,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
138(9)
Published: April 3, 2025
ABSTRACT
Cryptococcus
neoformans
is
a
common
fungal
pathogen,
causing
fatal
meningoencephalitis
in
immunocompromised
individuals.
The
limited
availability
of
antifungals
and
increasing
resistance
pathogens
including
C.
emphasize
the
need
to
find
new
drugs.
Mitochondria
have
long
been
associated
with
drug
fungi.
They
are
connected
endoplasmic
reticulum
(ER)
via
multiprotein
complex,
ER–mitochondria
encounter
structure
(ERMES),
which
unique
kingdom.
In
this
study
on
neoformans,
four
subunits
ERMES
namely,
Mmm1,
Mdm12,
Mdm10
Mdm34,
were
deleted
generate
strains
Δmmm1,
Δmdm12,
Δmdm10
Δmdm34,
respectively.
These
mutants
had
impaired
mitochondria
sensitive
antifungals,
echinocandins,
due
lower
chitin
content.
Virulence
factors,
capsule
formation
melanin
production,
debilitated
mutants.
partner
organelle
ER
was
also
affected
by
compromised
contact,
as
activity
several
ER-synthesized
enzymes
involved
virulence
impacted.
vivo
studies
Caenorhabditis
elegans
model
cryptococcosis
confirmed
reduced
results
indicate
that
impairment
complex
crucial
for
pathogenesis
neoformans.
International Journal of Nanomedicine,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
Volume 20, P. 4551 - 4569
Published: April 1, 2025
Fungal
keratitis
is
a
severe
vision-threatening
corneal
infection
with
prognosis
influenced
by
fungal
virulence
and
the
host's
immune
defense
mechanisms.
However,
there
still
lack
of
effective
drugs
that
attenuate
while
relieving
inflammatory
response
caused
keratitis.
Finding
an
treatment
to
solve
these
problems
particularly
important.
We
synthesized
Zeolitic
imidazolate
framework-90
(ZIF-90)
water-based
synthesis
method
characterized
it.
In
vitro
experiments
included
mycelium
electron
microscopy,
Cell
Counting
Kit-8
(CCK-8),
Enzyme-linked
immunosorbent
assay
(ELISA).
These
trials
verified
disruptive
effects
ZIF-90
on
morphology,
cell
membrane,
wall,
biofilm
formation
Aspergillus
fumigatus
(A.
fumigatus).
also
demonstrated
impact
proinflammatory
cytokines
tumor
necrosis
factor-α
(TNF-α)
interleukin-6
(IL-6).
Moreover,
effect
mitochondrial
reactive
oxygen
species
(mtROS)
cells
fungi
was
MitoSOX
Red
Mitochondrial
Superoxide
Indicator
(MitoSOX).
vivo,
toxicity
test,
establishment
mycotic
mouse
model,
immunofluorescence
staining
were
used
evaluate
efficacy
in
procedure
addition,
investigate
whether
metal-ligand
zinc
organic
ligand
imidazole
acted
as
essential
factors
ZIF-90,
we
investigated
antimicrobial
anti-inflammatory
ZIF-8,
ZIF-67
Metal-Organic
Frameworks-74
(Zn)
(MOF-74
(Zn))
Minimum
Inhibitory
Concentration
(MIC)
ELISA
experiments.
has
therapeutic
keratitis,
which
could
break
protective
organelles
A.
fumigatus,
such
wall.
can
be
targeted
increase
amount
mtROS
promote
apoptosis
macrophages.
The
results
both
ions
possessed
effects.
exhibited
better
antifungal
properties
than
ZIF-67,
MOF-74
(Zn).
Antioxidants,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
13(9), P. 1111 - 1111
Published: Sept. 14, 2024
Research
on
bioactive
compounds
has
grown
recently
due
to
their
health
benefits
and
limited
adverse
effects,
particularly
in
reducing
the
risk
of
chronic
diseases,
including
neurodegenerative
conditions.
According
these
observations,
this
study
investigates
activity
sulforaphane
(RS-GRA)
an
vitro
model
differentiated
NSC-34
cells.
We
performed
a
transcriptomic
analysis
at
various
time
points
(24
h,
48
72
h)
RS-GRA
concentrations
(1
µM,
5
10
µM)
identify
molecular
pathways
influenced
by
compound
effects
dosage
prolonged
exposure.
found
39
differentially
expressed
genes
consistently
up-
or
downregulated
across
all
Notably,
Nfe2l2,
Slc1a5,
Slc7a11,
Slc6a9,
Slc6a5,
Sod1,
Sod2
were
upregulated,
while
Ripk1,
Glul,
Ripk3,
Mlkl
downregulated.
Pathway
perturbation
showed
that
overall
dysregulation
results
significant
increase
redox
pathway
(adjusted
p-value
1.11
×
10−3)
inhibition
necroptosis
4.64
10−3).
These
findings
suggest
RS-GRA’s
potential
as
adjuvant
disease
treatment,
both
increased
may
be
beneficial
context.
Furthermore,
our
data
two
possible
administration
strategies,
namely
acute
approach
with
higher
dosages
lower
dosages.
