Biomedicines, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10(11), P. 2957 - 2957
Published: Nov. 17, 2022
We would like to introduce the new volume: "Telomerase and Telomeres: Its Role in Health Aging 2 [...].
Language: Английский
Genes, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(4), P. 501 - 501
Published: April 17, 2024
Glioblastoma, the most aggressive and common malignant primary brain tumour, is characterized by infiltrative growth, abundant vascularization, clinical evolution. Patients with glioblastoma often face poor prognoses, a median survival of approximately 15 months. Technological progress subsequent improvement in understanding pathophysiology these tumours have not translated into significant achievements therapies or outcomes for patients. Progress molecular profiling has yielded new omics data more refined classification glioblastoma. Several typical genetic epigenetic alterations include mutations genes regulating receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK)/rat sarcoma (RAS)/phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), p53, retinoblastoma protein (RB) signalling, as well mutation isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH), methylation O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT), amplification epidermal growth factor vIII, codeletion 1p/19q. Certain microRNAs, such miR-10b miR-21, also been identified prognostic biomarkers. Effective treatment options are limited. Surgery, radiotherapy, alkylating agent chemotherapy remain pillars treatment. Only promoter gene MGMT predicts benefit from temozolomide it guides choice first-line elderly targeted strategies based on tumour-intrinsic dominant signalling pathways antigenic tumour profiles under investigation trials. This review explores potential biomarkers that could be deployed analytical tools diagnosis prognostication Recent advancements treating discussed, along liquid biopsies to advance personalized medicine field glioblastoma, highlighting challenges promises future.
Language: Английский
Citations
16
npj Precision Oncology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 8(1)
Published: Feb. 22, 2024
Abstract Pre-surgery differential diagnosis is valuable for personalized treatment planning in intramedullary spinal cord tumors. This study assessed the performance of sequencing cell-free DNA (cfDNA) cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) these Prospectively enrolling 45 patients with lesions, including diffuse midline glioma (DMG), H3K27-altered (14/45), glioblastoma (1/45), H3-wildtype-astrocytoma (10/45), ependymoma (11/45), and other lesions (9/45), CSF samples were collected via lumbar puncture (41/45), intraoperative extraction (3/45), Ommaya reservoir (1/45). Then, underwent targeted along paired tissue DNA. DMG, exhibited a higher ctDNA positivity (85.7%, 12/14) compared to (0/8, P = 0.0003), (2/10, 0.003), glioneuronal tumor (0/3, 0.009). The histological-grade-IV ( 0.0027), Ki-67 index ≥10% 0.014), reaching surface 0.012) are also associated positivity. Interestingly, TERT promoter mutant tumors, mutation was detectable cfDNA one DMG case, but not five cases histological-grade-II Shared copy number variants exclusively observed H3K27-altered, showed strong correlation (Correlation 0.95) between tissue. Finally, H3K27M mutations high diagnostic efficiency (Sensitivity 85.7%, Specificity 100.0%, AUC 0.929). Notably, from recurrent making it easily applicable postoperative monitoring. In conclusion, molecular profile released into malignant tumors more frequently detected relatively benign ones. Sequencing H3K27-altered.
Language: Английский
Citations
6
Brain Tumor Pathology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 40(3), P. 143 - 157
Published: May 22, 2023
Language: Английский
Citations
11
Epigenomics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(2), P. 125 - 140
Published: Jan. 19, 2025
Gliomas, highly aggressive tumors of the central nervous system, present overwhelming challenges due to their heterogeneity and therapeutic resistance. Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), most malignant form, underscores this clinical urgency dismal prognosis despite treatment regimens. Recent advances in cancer research revealed signaling pathways epigenetic mechanisms that intricately govern glioma progression, offering multifaceted targets for intervention. This review explores dynamic interplay between events regulation context glioma, with a particular focus on crucial roles played by non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). Through direct indirect targeting, ncRNAs emerge as key regulators shaping molecular landscape glioblastoma across its various stages. By dissecting these intricate regulatory networks, novel patient-tailored strategies could be devised improve patient outcomes devastating disease.
Language: Английский
Citations
0
International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(3), P. 917 - 917
Published: Jan. 22, 2025
Advances in neuro-oncology have transformed the diagnosis and management of brain tumors, which are among most challenging malignancies due to their high mortality rates complex neurological effects. Despite advancements surgery chemoradiotherapy, prognosis for glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) metastases remains poor, underscoring need innovative diagnostic strategies. This review highlights recent imaging techniques, liquid biopsies, artificial intelligence (AI) applications addressing current challenges. Advanced including diffusion tensor (DTI) magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), improve differentiation tumor progression from treatment-related changes. Additionally, novel positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracers, such as 18F-fluoropivalate, 18F-fluoroethyltyrosine, 18F-fluluciclovine, facilitate metabolic profiling high-grade gliomas. Liquid biopsy, a minimally invasive technique, enables real-time monitoring biomarkers circulating DNA (ctDNA), extracellular vesicles (EVs), cells (CTCs), tumor-educated platelets (TEPs), enhancing precision. AI-driven algorithms, convolutional neural networks, integrate tools accuracy, reduce interobserver variability, accelerate clinical decision-making. These innovations advance personalized neuro-oncological care, offering new opportunities outcomes patients with central nervous system tumors. We advocate future research integrating these into workflows, accessibility challenges, standardizing methodologies ensure broad applicability neuro-oncology.
Language: Английский
Citations
0
Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 104682 - 104682
Published: March 1, 2025
Brain tumors refer to the abnormal growths that occur within brain's tissue, comprising both primary neoplasms and metastatic lesions. Timely detection, precise staging, suitable treatment, standardized management are of significant clinical importance for extending survival rates brain tumor patients. Artificial intelligence (AI), a discipline computer science, is leveraging its robust capacity information identification combination revolutionize traditional paradigms oncology care, offering substantial potential precision medicine. This article provides an overview current applications AI in tumors, encompassing technologies, their working mechanisms workflow, contributions diagnosis as well role scientific research, particularly drug innovation revealing microenvironment. Finally, paper addresses existing challenges, solutions, future application prospects. review aims enhance our understanding provide valuable insights forthcoming inquiries.
Language: Английский
Citations
0
Diagnostic Pathology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 20(1)
Published: April 16, 2025
Abstract Background Differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) generally has a favourable prognosis with standard treatments; however, the risks of local recurrence and distant metastases remain concern, affecting substantial proportion patients. Radioactive iodine (RAI) refractoriness further complicates DTC management, leading to substantially reduced survival rates. In this study, we aimed identify anexelekto (AXL) expression TERT promoter mutation as potential predictors RAI-refractory DTC. Methods We conducted retrospective analysis 81 patients who underwent thyroidectomy received at least two courses RAI therapy. After median follow-up period 30 months (range: 6–60 months), therapy response was categorized nonrefractory or refractory. AXL were evaluated in all discern any associations development refractoriness. Results The overall prevalence refractory 44.4% (36/81). high 30/36 (83.3%) negative/low 24/45 (53.3%) non-RAI-refractory (OR adjusted: 44.98, CI 95%: 1.41-1439.03, p = 0.031). occurred 21/36 (58.3%) DTCs 2/45 (4.4%) 10.95, 1.06-112.92, 0.044). Despite similar age, sex, histological type distributions between groups, significant differences clinicopathological characteristics emerged. Multivariate confirmed that aggressive subtype, elevated expression, independently correlated status. Conclusions Our predictive model highlights association mutation, an tumour subtype risk This information aid making informed treatment decisions. Furthermore, is therapeutic target for disease.
Language: Английский
Citations
0
Biomedicines, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(12), P. 2664 - 2664
Published: Nov. 22, 2024
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), a WHO grade 4 glioma, is the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor, characterized by rapid progression poor prognosis. The heterogeneity of GBM complicates diagnosis treatment, driving research into molecular biomarkers that can offer insights tumor behavior guide personalized therapies. This review explores recent advances in biomarkers, highlighting their potential to improve treatment outcomes patients. Key such as MGMT promoter methylation, IDH1/2 mutations, EGFR amplification, TERT etc., are examined for roles prognosis, therapeutic response, classification. While valuable tailoring treatments, clinical application hindered heterogeneity, dynamic genetic evolution, lack standardized testing methods. Future should aim confirm new incorporate them regular practice prognosis choices. Advances genomic proteomic technologies, along with consistent biomarker detection, could transform care enhance patient outcomes.
Language: Английский
Citations
3
ESMO Open, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 9(6), P. 103485 - 103485
Published: June 1, 2024
•Novel studies specifically addressing astrocytoma IDH mutant WHO G4 are needed.•In this large multicenter experience, patients showed a median survival of 31.2 months.•Both MGMT promoter methylation and TERT mutation seem to be associated with clinical outcomes. BackgroundThe World Health Organization (WHO) 2021 classification central nervous system (CNS) tumors classified isocitrate dehydrogenase-mutant (A IDHm) either microvascular proliferation and/or necrosis or homozygous deletion CDKN2A/B as CNS grade 4 (CNS G4), introducing distinct entity posing new challenges physicians for appropriate management prognostication.Patients methodsWe retrospectively collected information about diagnosed A IDHm at three reference neuro-oncological Italian centers correlated them survival.ResultsA total 133 were included. Patients young (median age 41 years) most received post-operative treatment including chemo-radiation (n = 101) temozolomide maintenance 112). With follow-up 51 months, the overall (mOS) was 5-year probability 26%. In univariate analysis, complete resection (mOS: 40.2 versus 26.3 P 0.03), methyl-guanine methyltransferase (MGMT) 40.7 18 0.0136), absence telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) 0.0003) better prognosis. multivariate models, lack [hazard ratio (HR) 0.23, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.07-0.82, 0.024] (HR 0.40, CI 0.20-0.81, 0.01) remained improved survival.ConclusionsThis is largest experience in Western countries exploring prognostic signature G4. Our results show that may impact This support prognostication, management, design future diagnostic entity. The prognostication. We survival.
Language: Английский
Citations
2
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 176, P. 116892 - 116892
Published: June 13, 2024
The lesson from many studies investigating the efficacy of targeted therapy in glioblastoma (GBM) showed that a future perspective should be focused on combining multiple target treatments. Our research aimed to assess drug combinations against stem cells (GSCs). Patient-derived U3042, U3009, and U3039 were obtained Human Glioblastoma Cell Culture resource. Additionally, study was conducted GBM commercial U251 cell line. Gene expression analysis related receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), markers genes associated with significant molecular targets performed, selected proteins encoded by these assessed using immunofluorescence flow cytometry methods. cytotoxicity preceded analyzing specific serve as for drugs. MTS assay evaluate effects drugs/candidates monotherapy combinations. most cytotoxic compounds U3042 Disulfiram combined Copper gluconate (DSF/Cu), Dacomitinib, Foretinib IC
Language: Английский
Citations
2