Neurovascular coupling impairment as a mechanism for cognitive deficits in COVID-19

Brain Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 6(2)

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Abstract Components that comprise our brain parenchymal and cerebrovascular structures provide a homeostatic environment for proper neuronal function to ensure normal cognition. Cerebral insults (e.g. ischaemia, microbleeds infection) alter cellular physiologic processes within the neurovascular unit contribute cognitive dysfunction. COVID-19 has posed significant complications during acute convalescent stages in multiple organ systems, including brain. Cognitive impairment is prevalent complication patients, irrespective of severity SARS-CoV-2 infection. Moreover, overwhelming evidence from vitro, preclinical clinical studies reported SARS-CoV-2-induced pathologies components are associated with impairment. Neurovascular disruption alters coupling response, critical mechanism regulates cerebromicrovascular blood flow meet energetic demands locally active neurons. Normal processing achieved through response involves coordinated action cells (i.e. neurons glia) cell types endothelia, smooth muscle pericytes). However, current work on COVID-19-induced yet investigate as causal factor. Hence, this review, we aim describe SARS-CoV-2's effects how they can impact decline disease. Additionally, explore potential therapeutic interventions mitigate Given great both individuals public health, necessity effort fundamental scientific research application becomes imperative. This integrated endeavour crucial mitigating deficits induced by its subsequent burden especially vulnerable population.

Language: Английский

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Natural products in atherosclerosis therapy by targeting PPARs: a review focusing on lipid metabolism and inflammation

Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: April 18, 2024

Inflammation and dyslipidemia are critical inducing factors of atherosclerosis. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) ligand-activated transcription control the expression multiple genes that involved in lipid metabolism inflammatory responses. However, synthesized PPAR agonists exhibit contrary therapeutic effects various side atherosclerosis therapy. Natural products structural diversity have a good safety. Recent studies find natural herbs compounds attractive on by alleviating hyperlipidemia inflammation through modulation PPARs. Importantly, preparation generally causes significantly lower environmental pollution compared to chemical compounds. Therefore, it is interesting discover novel modulator develop alternative strategies for therapy based This article reviews recent findings, mainly from year 2020 present, about roles regulation PPARs their provides theoretical basis using targeting PPARs, offers valuable information researchers interested developing modulators.

Language: Английский

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Role of PCSK9 inhibition during the inflammatory stage of SARS-COV-2: an updated review

Annals of Medicine and Surgery, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 86(2), P. 899 - 908

Published: Jan. 3, 2024

The potential role of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibition in the management COVID-19 and other medical conditions has emerged as an intriguing area research. PCSK9 is primarily known for its impact on cholesterol metabolism, but recent studies have unveiled involvement various physiological processes, including inflammation, immune regulation, thrombosis. In this abstract, authors review rationale implications during inflammatory stage SARS-CoV-2 infection. Severe cases are characterized by uncontrolled response, often referred to cytokine storm, which can lead widespread tissue damage organ failure. Preclinical suggest that could dampen cascade reducing production pro-inflammatory cytokines. Additionally, may protect against acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) through effects lung injury inflammation. been linked increased risk cardiovascular complications, especially patients with pre-existing or dyslipidemia. inhibitors their ability lower low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels enhancing recycling LDL receptors liver. By cholesterol, might blood vessels from further atherosclerotic plaque formation. Moreover, shown antithrombotic preclinical studies, making them a avenue mitigate coagulation disorders thrombotic events observed COVID-19. While promising, safety considerations possible risks need careful evaluation. Hypocholesterolemia, drug interactions, long-term some key concerns should be addressed. Clinical trials needed establish efficacy determine optimal timing dosing treatment. Future research opportunities encompass investigating evaluating safety, exploring combination therapy possibilities, advancing personalized medicine approaches. Collaborative efforts researchers, clinicians, policymakers essential fully harness therapeutic translate these findings into meaningful clinical outcomes.

Language: Английский

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The Involvement and Manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 Virus in Cardiovascular Pathology

Medicina, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 61(5), P. 773 - 773

Published: April 22, 2025

Although the acute phase of COVID-19 pandemic has subsided, emergence post-COVID-19 condition presents a new and complex public health challenge, characterized by persistent, multisystem symptoms that can endure for weeks or months after initial infection with SARS-CoV-2 virus, significantly affecting survivors’ quality life. Among most concerning sequelae are cardiovascular complications, which encompass broad spectrum conditions, including arrhythmias, myocardial damage, postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome. This narrative review explores burden on reviewing latest relevant findings in literature highlighting different aspects COVID-19’s involvement. investigates pathophysiological mechanisms underlying involvement condition, focus direct viral invasion via ACE2 receptors, immune-mediated injury, cytokine storm, systemic inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, mitochondrial injury. The interplay between pre-existing diseases, such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, diabetes, atrial fibrillation, is also explored, revealing individuals conditions at heightened risk both severe illness long-term complications. Long-term immune activation persistence antigens increasingly recognized contributors to ongoing even mild asymptomatic infections. As healthcare system continues adapt consequences pandemic, deeper understanding these manifestations essential. knowledge will inform development targeted strategies prevention, clinical management, rehabilitation affected patients. Furthermore, insights gained from intersection be instrumental shaping responses future epidemics, necessity multidisciplinary approaches patient care preparedness.

Language: Английский

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The place of non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides in the assessment of cardiovascular risk: Resolution of the Panel of Experts

Russian Journal of Preventive Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 28(4), P. 7 - 7

Published: April 28, 2025

The main focus for reducing the incidence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) associated with atherosclerosis is early stratification CVD risk, timely detection lipid metabolism disorders, and medical care patients a high very risk developing such diseases. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was previously considered factor atherosclerosis; however, recently, triglycerides non-high-density (NHDL-C) have also become important factors. This Resolution Panel Experts reflects roles non-HDL in assessment.

Language: Английский

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The Role of Beneficial Microbiota in COVID-19: Insights from Key Bacterial Genera

Microorganisms, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13(5), P. 1029 - 1029

Published: April 29, 2025

The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the need for a comprehensive understanding of factors influencing disease severity and progression. Emerging research indicates that human microbiota, particularly beneficial bacteria, significantly impacts immune responses health outcomes in patients. While existing studies provide general insights into relationship between microbiota probiotics with COVID-19, they often lack detailed exploration how specific bacterial taxa might be used as adjunctive treatments. This review aims to address this gap by focusing on ten key genera discussing their roles evaluating potential prevention treatment. covers impact these microbes health, population alterations patients, interactions other viral infections. Among microbes, several exhibit distinct patterns abundance highlighting infection dynamics. In populations Akkermansia, Ruminococcus, Roseburia are consistently reduced, while those Faecalibacterium show significant decline more severe cases. Bacteroides presents varying effects depending species involved. Alterations Blautia Lachnospiraceae associated increased inflammation severity. Likewise, depletion Lachnospira Coprococcus populations, both linked anti-inflammatory effects, may exacerbate symptom Oscillospira, though less studied, is connected overall could have implications synthesizes current highlight importance maintaining healthy alleviate contribute development novel therapeutic strategies involving modulation.

Language: Английский

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The Impact of Long COVID on the Quality of Life

Medicina, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 60(8), P. 1359 - 1359

Published: Aug. 21, 2024

Background and Objectives: The term long COVID refers to patients with a history of confirmed COVID-19 infection, who present symptoms that last for at least 2 months cannot be explained by another diagnosis. study aims determine the most common syndrome their impact on quality life. Materials Methods: A prospective observational was conducted diagnosed mild moderate (based positive SARS-CoV-2 molecular diagnostic or rapid antigen test severity form definition) Clinical Hospital Infectious Diseases, Cluj-Napoca, Romania. examinations detailed questions about were performed time diagnosis six-month follow-up. Two years after invited complete an online quality-of-life questionnaire regarding symptoms. Results: total 103 (35.92% males) mean age 41.56 ± 11.77 included in this study. Of number patients, 65.04% presented forms COVID-19. Data vaccination status showed 83.5% vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2. cough (80.6%), fatigue (80.4%), odynophagia (76.7%), headaches (67.6%), female being statistically more likely experience it (p = 0.014). Patients disease had higher levels both systolic 0.008) diastolic 0.037) blood pressure diagnosis, but no statistical difference observed 6-month (in 29 respondent subjects) represented asthenia (51.7%), headache (34.5%), memory disorders (27.6%), abdominal meteorism arthralgia (27.6%). In terms cardiovascular symptoms, fluctuating values (20.7%), palpitations (17.2%), increased heart rate (17.2%) recorded. Conclusions: If frequent manifestations respiratory, together fatigue, re-evaluation, asthenia, decreased effort tolerance, neuropsychiatric prevailed. Regarding changes as part clinical picture, some developed prehypertension, palpitations, tachycardia.

Language: Английский

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Assessment of hemostatic changes in patients with chronic cerebral ischemia after recovery from COVID-19

INTERNATIONAL NEUROLOGICAL JOURNAL, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 21(2), P. 139 - 145

Published: April 24, 2025

Background. COVID-19 is associated with disorders in the blood coagulation system that may persist beyond acute phase of disease, particularly individuals pre-existing cerebrovascular conditions. This research purposed to evaluate changes key parameters procoagulant, anticoagulant, and fibrinolytic links hemostatic patients chronic cerebral ischemia (CCI) following recovery from COVID-19. Materials methods. The study involved 100 aged 43 74 years diagnosed CCI divided into two experimental groups: + group, which included 60 a history COVID-19, consisted 40 without SARS-CoV-2 infection past. Plasma levels markers, such as prothrombin, protein C, thrombomodulin, plasminogen, tissue plasminogen activator, activator inhibitor-1, von Willebrand factor, were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results. did not observe significant differences prothrombin or C between However, there was 20.9 % increase plasma thrombomodulin participants who had recovered compared those prior infection. An inhibitor-1 content by 19.4 found group while no its established. Notably, factor show statistically groups, could indicate gradual correction endothelial disturbances post-COVID-19 over time. Conclusions. data obtained complexity CCI, characterized persistent low-grade inflammation possible fibrinolysis inhibition. At same time, results suggest dysfunction be pronounced feature late period.

Language: Английский

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Interactive effects of Composite Dietary Antioxidant Index with Body Mass Index for the risk of stroke among U.S. adults: insight from NHANES 2001–2018

Frontiers in Nutrition, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: June 7, 2024

Background This cross-sectional study aims to explore the interactive effects of Composite Dietary Antioxidant Index (CDAI) and Body Mass (BMI) on stroke risk among U.S. adults, utilizing data from National Health Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) conducted between 2001 2018. Methods The analysis involved 42,042 participants a representative sample non-institutionalized civilians, selected through stratified, multistage probability sampling method. intake were collected over two 24-h periods using Automated Multiple-Pass Method. calculated modified CDAI assess dietary antioxidant intake, excluding supplements water sources. Statistical methods included multivariable logistic regression Generalized Additive Models (GAM) evaluate interaction scores BMI in relation risk, adjusting for wide range demographic, lifestyle, health covariates. Results research identified significant categories assessment. While negative correlation was observed across total population (OR 0.97, 95% CI 0.96–0.99), this relationship varied notably different groups. In with ≥25, statistically association persisted, displaying non-linear pattern. also revealed an inflection point score, indicating shift antioxidants risk. Conclusion underscores complex determining adults. findings suggest that individuals higher may experience more pronounced benefits prevention. These insights could inform targeted recommendations public strategies aimed at reducing particularly populations BMI. Further is needed fully understand these interactions their implications prevention guidelines.

Language: Английский

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Synergy Between NK Cells and Monocytes in Potentiating Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Severe COVID-19

Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 44(10)

Published: July 11, 2024

Evidence suggests that COVID-19 predisposes to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). While monocytes/macrophages play a central role in the immunopathogenesis of atherosclerosis, less is known about their immunopathogenic mechanisms lead CVDs during COVID-19. Natural killer (NK) cells, which an intermediary pathologies like are dysregulated Here, we sought investigate altered immune cells and associations with CVD risk severe

Language: Английский

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