Mid-Regional Proadrenomedullin in COVID-19—May It Act as a Predictor of Prolonged Cardiovascular Complications? DOI Open Access
Paulina Pietraszko, Marcin Żórawski, Emilia Bielecka

et al.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(23), P. 16821 - 16821

Published: Nov. 27, 2023

The rising prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and the impact SARS-CoV-2 pandemic have both led to increased mortality rates, affecting public health global economy. Therefore, it is essential find accessible, non-invasive prognostic markers capable identifying patients at high risk. One encouraging avenue exploration potential mid-regional proadrenomedullin (MR-proADM) as a biomarker in various conditions, especially context CVD COVID-19. MR-proADM presents ability predict mortality, heart failure, adverse outcomes CVD, offering promise for improved risk assessment treatment strategies. On other hand, an elevated level associated with severity cytokine storms COVID-19, making predictive indicator intensive care unit admissions rates. Moreover, may relevance long COVID, aiding assessment, triage, monitoring individuals developing prolonged cardiac issues. Our review explores predictor enduring complications following COVID-19 infection.

Language: Английский

Long COVID: a clinical update DOI
Trisha Greenhalgh, Manoj Sivan,

Alice Perlowski

et al.

The Lancet, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 404(10453), P. 707 - 724

Published: July 31, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

85
COVID-19 Complications: Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Mitochondrial and Endothelial Dysfunction DOI Open Access
Ekaterina Georgieva, Julian Ananiev,

Y. Yovchev

et al.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(19), P. 14876 - 14876

Published: Oct. 4, 2023

SARS-CoV-2 infection, discovered and isolated in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China, causes acute atypical respiratory symptoms has led to profound changes our lives. COVID-19 is characterized by a wide range of complications, which include pulmonary embolism, thromboembolism arterial clot formation, arrhythmias, cardiomyopathy, multiorgan failure, more. The disease caused worldwide pandemic, despite various measures such as social distancing, preventive strategies, therapeutic approaches, the creation vaccines, novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) still hides many mysteries for scientific community. Oxidative stress been suggested play an essential role pathogenesis COVID-19, determining free radical levels patients with may provide insight into severity. generation abnormal oxidants under COVID-19-induced cytokine storm irreversible oxidation macromolecules subsequent damage cells, tissues, organs. Clinical studies have shown that oxidative initiates endothelial damage, increases risk complications post-COVID-19 or long-COVID-19 cases. This review describes radicals mediation mitochondrial dysfunction.

Language: Английский

Citations

58
New Insights into Endothelial Dysfunction in Cardiometabolic Diseases: Potential Mechanisms and Clinical Implications DOI Open Access
Giovanna Gallo, Carmine Savoia

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(5), P. 2973 - 2973

Published: March 4, 2024

The endothelium is a monocellular layer covering the inner surface of blood vessels. It maintains vascular homeostasis regulating tone and permeability exerts anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-proliferative, anti-thrombotic functions. When exposed to detrimental stimuli including hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, neurohormonal imbalance, different biological pathways are activated leading oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, increased secretion adipokines, cytokines, endothelin-1, fibroblast growth factor, reduced nitric oxide production, eventually loss integrity. Endothelial dysfunction has emerged as hallmark dysmetabolic impairment contributes effects on cardiac metabolism diastolic development cardiovascular diseases heart failure. Different biomarkers have been proposed predict in order identify microvascular macrovascular damage atherosclerosis, particularly metabolic disorders. also plays an important role severe COVID-19 complications patients after SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this review, we will discuss mechanisms involved dysregulation context cardiometabolic well available promising clinical practice.

Language: Английский

Citations

33
Cerebromicrovascular mechanisms contributing to long COVID: implications for neurocognitive health DOI Creative Commons
Mónika Fekete, Andrea Ceglédi,

Ágnes Szappanos

et al.

GeroScience, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 7, 2025

Abstract Long COVID (also known as post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection [PASC] or post-COVID syndrome) is characterized by persistent symptoms that extend beyond the acute phase infection, affecting approximately 10% to over 30% those infected. It presents a significant clinical challenge, notably due pronounced neurocognitive such brain fog. The mechanisms underlying these effects are multifactorial, with mounting evidence pointing central role cerebromicrovascular dysfunction. This review investigates key pathophysiological contributing cerebrovascular dysfunction in long and their impacts on health. We discuss how endothelial tropism direct vascular trigger dysfunction, impaired neurovascular coupling, blood–brain barrier disruption, resulting compromised cerebral perfusion. Furthermore, appears induce mitochondrial enhancing oxidative stress inflammation within cells. Autoantibody formation following also potentially exacerbates injury, chronic ongoing compromise. These factors collectively contribute emergence white matter hyperintensities, promote amyloid pathology, may accelerate neurodegenerative processes, including Alzheimer’s disease. emphasizes critical advanced imaging techniques assessing health need for targeted interventions address complications. A deeper understanding essential advance treatments mitigate its long-term consequences.

Language: Английский

Citations

2
Long COVID or Post-COVID-19 Condition: Past, Present and Future Research Directions DOI Creative Commons
César Fernández‐de‐las‐Peñas, Arkiath Veettil Raveendran, Rocco Giordano

et al.

Microorganisms, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(12), P. 2959 - 2959

Published: Dec. 11, 2023

The presence of symptoms after an acute SARS-CoV-2 infection (long-COVID) has become a worldwide healthcare emergency but remains underestimated and undertreated due to lack recognition the condition knowledge underlying mechanisms. In fact, prevalence post-COVID ranges from 50% during first months up 20% two-years after. This perspective review aimed map existing literature on identify gaps in guide global effort toward improved understanding long-COVID suggest future research directions. There is plethora symptomatology that can be COVID-19; however, today, there no clear classification definition this condition, termed or post-COVID-19 condition. heterogeneity led groups/clusters patients, which could exhibit different risk factors Viral persistence, long-lasting inflammation, immune dysregulation, autoimmune reactions, reactivation latent infections, endothelial dysfunction alteration gut microbiota have been proposed as potential mechanisms explaining complexity long-COVID. such equation, viral biology (e.g., re-infections, variants), host genetics, epigenetics) external vaccination) should also considered. These various will discussed current directions suggested.

Language: Английский

Citations

28
Post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (Long COVID) in older adults DOI
Samantha Russell,

Karen Parker,

Andrea Lehoczki

et al.

GeroScience, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: June 14, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

10
Effects of COVID-19 Infection on Endothelial Vascular Function DOI Creative Commons
Andreea Munteanu, Daniel Lighezan,

Violeta Ariana Nicoraș

et al.

Viruses, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(3), P. 305 - 305

Published: Feb. 23, 2025

Most studies analyzing data from patients who experienced at least one episode of acute COVID-19 infection have attributed the cascade immediate and late complications to disruption inflammatory system neutrophil activity in particular. Among various functions neutrophils is release pro-inflammatory mediators, including interleukin-6 (IL-6). Oxidative stress induced by mediators secreted leads vascular endothelial dysfunction. Neutrophil counts neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) are directly associated with patient survival, higher values correlating increased mortality. To assess dysfunction secondary infection, we conducted a retrospective study involving two cohorts, each comprising 99 participants: group history another without. The aimed demonstrate presence moderate using flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) brachial artery evaluate its correlation key markers (erythrocyte sedimentation rate—ESR, fibrinogen, NLR, IL-6). FMD were significantly reduced (p < 0.0001) post-COVID-19 compared those without prior infection. ESR 0.0001), fibrinogen C-reactive protein (CRP) leukocyte count granulocyte inversely correlated values. patients, all analyzed parameters demonstrated statistically significant impact on FMD, showing strongest effect, accounting for nearly 63% dependency. ANOVA testing confirmed an inverse association between NLR quartiles as well IL-6 levels FMD. In conclusion, this highlights assessed demonstrates correlations values, levels, ratio.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Berberine and its derivatives: mechanisms of action in myocardial vascular endothelial injury - a review DOI Creative Commons
Wenhui Zhang, Shengmin Guo,

Jinjin Dou

et al.

Frontiers in Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: March 4, 2025

Myocardial vascular endothelial injury serves as a crucial inducer of cardiovascular diseases. Mechanisms such endoplasmic reticulum stress, apoptosis, inflammation, oxidative autophagy, platelet dysfunction, and gut microbiota imbalance are intimately linked to this condition. Berberine its derivatives have demonstrated potential in modulating these mechanisms. This article reviews the pathogenesis myocardial vessels, pharmacological effects berberine derivatives, particularly their interactions with targets implicated injury. Furthermore, it discusses clinical applications, methods enhance bioavailability, toxicity concerns, aiming lay foundation for development BBR therapeutic agent

Language: Английский

Citations

0
A personalized approach to the correction of age-dependent endothelial dysfunction in patients with cerebrovascular diseases DOI Creative Commons
M. V. Putilina

Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 3, P. 13 - 18

Published: April 10, 2025

The role of endothelial damage as the main pathological mechanism a number diseases has been studied for long time, but in context identifying new risk factors CVD (viruses, genetic mutations, congenital dysplasia, autoimmune diseases), problem personalized cerebroprotection, taking into account age and state endothelium, becomes relevant. Currently, stage dependence development dysfunction proven. Endothelial aging is predictor cardiovascular diseases, it can manifest itself depending on patient’s presence comorbidity both direction vasoconstriction prothrombotic changes, loss autoregulation vasodilation activation oxidative stress, changes concentration glucose, lipids immune cell infiltration. Accordingly, drug correction should be personalized, age-oriented. use nicotinoyl gammaaminobutyric acid preparations, including those combined with Ginkgo Biloba extract, considered model choosing age-dependent patients cerebrovascular diseases. In young patients, onset characterized by blood pressure (fluctuations from high to low numbers vice versa), severe asthenia, headaches, mild cognitive autonomic disorders, so at initial stage, preference given fixed combination gamma-aminobutyric extract. middle-aged older history hypertension, stroke, TIA anamnesis, advisable begin therapy parenteral forms acid, followed oral administration, which will provide prolonged effect more pronounced therapeutic effect.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein and Long COVID—Part 1: Impact of Spike Protein in Pathophysiological Mechanisms of Long COVID Syndrome DOI Creative Commons

Bruno Pereira de Melo,

João M. Silva,

Mariana Alves Rodrigues

et al.

Viruses, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(5), P. 617 - 617

Published: April 25, 2025

SARS-CoV-2 infection has resulted in more than 700 million cases and nearly 7 deaths worldwide. Although vaccination efforts have effectively reduced mortality transmission rates, a significant proportion of recovered patients—up to 40%—develop long COVID syndrome (LC) or post-acute sequelae COVID-19 (PASC). LC is characterized by the persistence emergence new symptoms following initial infection, affecting cardiovascular, neurological, respiratory, gastrointestinal, reproductive, immune systems. Despite broad range clinical that been described, risk factors pathogenic mechanisms behind remain unclear. This review, first two-part series, distinguished discussion role spike protein primary underlying pathophysiology LC.

Language: Английский

Citations

0