Anthocyanins in Chronic Diseases: The Power of Purple

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(10), P. 2161 - 2161

Published: May 23, 2022

Anthocyanins are mainly purple-coloured phenolic compounds of plant origin that as secondary metabolites important in survival. Understanding their health benefits humans requires sourcing these unstable sufficient quantities at a reasonable cost, which has led to improved methods extraction. Dark-coloured fruits, cereals and vegetables current sources compounds. The range potential sustainable is much larger includes non-commercialised native plants from around the world agri-waste containing anthocyanins. In last 5 years, there have been significant advances developing therapeutic anthocyanins chronic human diseases. exert beneficial effects through improvements gut microbiota, oxidative stress inflammation, modulation neuropeptides such insulin-like growth factor-1. Their include reduced cognitive decline; protection organs liver, well cardiovascular system, gastrointestinal tract kidneys; bone obesity; regulation glucose lipid metabolism. This review summarises some mechanisms treatment

Language: Английский

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Targeting NLRP3-Mediated Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer’s Disease Treatment

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(16), P. 8979 - 8979

Published: Aug. 11, 2022

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia in general population and, to date, constitutes a major therapeutic challenge. In pathogenesis AD, aggregates amyloid β (Aβ) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) containing Tau-microtubule-associated protein (tau) are known trigger neuroinflammatory response with subsequent formation an inflammasome. particular, NOD-like receptor pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome thought play crucial role AD-related pathology. While mechanisms for NLRP3 activation not fully understood, it has been demonstrated that, after detection aggregates, induces pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin 18 (IL-18) or 1β (IL-1β), that further potentiate AD progression. Specific inhibitors exhibit various attenuate activity have tested vivo studies yielded promising results, shown by reduced level tau Aβ diminished cognitive impairment. Herein, we would like summarize current state knowledge on priming, activation, its actual pathogenesis, characterize studied their impact

Language: Английский

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Non-Coding RNAs as Novel Regulators of Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer’s Disease

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: June 2, 2022

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is one of the most common causes dementia. Although significant breakthroughs have been made in understanding progression and pathogenesis AD, it remains a worldwide problem public health burden. Thus, more efficient diagnostic therapeutic strategies are urgently required. The latest research studies revealed that neuroinflammation crucial AD. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including long noncoding (lncRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs), circular (circRNAs), PIWI-interacting (piRNAs), transfer RNA-derived small (tsRNAs), strongly associated with AD-induced neuroinflammation. Furthermore, several ongoing pre-clinical currently investigating ncRNA as biomarkers interventions to provide new perspectives for AD diagnosis treatment. In this review, role different types ncRNAs during summarized order improve our etiology aid translation basic into clinical practice.

Language: Английский

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Protective Effects of Flavonoids against Alzheimer’s Disease: Pathological Hypothesis, Potential Targets, and Structure–Activity Relationship

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(17), P. 10020 - 10020

Published: Sept. 2, 2022

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative with high morbidity and mortality, for which there no available cure. Currently, it generally believed that AD caused by multiple factors, such as amyloid-beta accumulation, tau protein hyperphosphorylation, oxidative stress, inflammation. Multitarget prevention treatment strategies are recommended. Interestingly, naturally occurring dietary flavonoids, class of polyphenols, have been reported to biological activities anti-AD effects in several models owing their antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-amyloidogenic properties. In this review, we summarize discuss the existing pathogenic factors AD. Moreover, further elaborate on natural flavonoids potential mode action targets managing presenting wide range experimental evidence. The gathered data indicate can be regarded prophylactics slow advancement or avert its onset. Different different varying levels activity. Further, review summarizes structure–activity relationship based literature provide guidance design selection drugs.

Language: Английский

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Exploring the role of COX-2 in Alzheimer's disease: Potential therapeutic implications of COX-2 inhibitors

Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 31(9), P. 101729 - 101729

Published: Aug. 7, 2023

This review highlights the potential role of cyclooxygenase-2 enzyme (COX-2) in pathogenesis Alzheimer's disease (AD) and therapeutic use non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) management AD. In addition to COX-2 enzymes inflammation, formation amyloid plaques neurofibrillary tangles brain, emphasizes that COXs-2 have a crucial normal synaptic activity plasticity, relationship with acetylcholine, tau protein, beta-amyloid (Aβ) which are main causes disease. Furthermore, points out kinase enzymes, including Cyclin Dependent Kinase 5 (CDK5) Glycogen Synthase 3β (GSK3β), known play phosphorylation strongly associated Therefore, like NSAIDs may be hopeful approach for managing However, results from studies examining effectiveness treating AD been mixed further research is needed fully understand mechanisms by involved development progression identify new strategies.

Language: Английский

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