The contribution of fungi to the global economy

Fungal Diversity, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 121(1), P. 95 - 137

Published: July 1, 2023

Abstract Fungi provide ecological and environmental services to humans, as well health nutritional benefits, are vital numerous industries. Fermented food beverage products from fungi circulating in the market, generating billions of USD. However, highest potential monetary value is their role blue carbon trading because ability sequester large amounts soil. There no conclusive estimates available on global fungi, primarily there limited data for extrapolation. This study outlines contribution economy provides a first attempt at quantifying fungi. Our estimate USD 54.57 trillion starting point that can be analysed improved, highlighting significance providing an appreciation value. paper identifies different economically valuable provided by By giving all important fungal products, services, industrial applications underscores biodiversity conservation. Furthermore, if established, they will considered future policies effective ecosystem management.

Language: Английский

---

Biomaterials technology and policies in the building sector: a review

Environmental Chemistry Letters, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 22(2), P. 715 - 750

Published: Jan. 29, 2024

Abstract Traditional building materials have some drawbacks in the construction industry, particularly terms of greenhouse gas emissions and energy consumption. Biomaterials derived from renewable sources are a promising alternative, significantly reducing effect enhancing efficiency. However, traditional still dominate sector, there is lack understanding among policymakers developers regarding biomaterials. Here, we review biomaterials their policies life cycle assessment through case studies. Bio-based potential to reduce over 320,000 tons carbon dioxide by 2050. They also exhibit advantages like decreasing water absorption 40%, consumption 8.7%, acoustic 6.7%, improving mechanical properties. We summarize recent advancements mycelial materials, bioconcrete, natural fibers, fiber-reinforced composites. explore contributions nanotechnology microalgae technology biomaterials' thermal insulation eco-friendliness.

Language: Английский

---

Current trends, limitations and future research in the fungi?

Fungal Diversity, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 125(1), P. 1 - 71

Published: March 20, 2024

Abstract The field of mycology has grown from an underappreciated subset botany, to a valuable, modern scientific discipline. As this study grown, there have been significant contributions science, technology, and industry, highlighting the value fungi in era. This paper looks at current research, along with existing limitations, suggests future areas where scientists can focus their efforts, mycology. We show how become important emerging diseases medical discuss trends potential drug novel compound discovery. explore phylogenomics, its potential, outcomes address question phylogenomics be applied fungal ecology. In addition, functional genomics studies are discussed importance unravelling intricate mechanisms underlying behaviour, interactions, adaptations, paving way for comprehensive understanding biology. look research building materials, they used as carbon sinks, biocircular economies. numbers always great interest often written about estimates varied greatly. Thus, we needs order obtain more reliable estimates. aspects machine learning (AI) it mycological research. Plant pathogens affecting food production systems on global scale, such, needed area, particularly disease detection. latest data High Throughput Sequencing if still gaining new knowledge same rate before. A review nanotechnology is provided addressed. Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi addressed acknowledged. Fungal databases becoming important, therefore provide major databases. Edible medicinal huge medicines, especially Asia prospects discussed. Lifestyle changes (e.g., endophytes, pathogens, and/or saprobes) also extremely trend special issue Diversity.

Language: Английский

---

Mycelium based composites: A review of their bio-fabrication procedures, material properties and potential for green building and construction applications

Alexandria Engineering Journal, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 83, P. 234 - 250

Published: Oct. 30, 2023

The quest for green products and technologies applications in the built environment has led to birth of a new generation sustainable materials, among which are mycelium-based composites. They biocomposites derived from growth filamentous parts fungus on an organic substrate. Their low carbon footprint, energy processing cost, biodegradability, attractive range properties, have made them highly demanded as alternative materials use building construction sector. bio-fabrication procedures, material prospects hardly been considered single review. It was noted that these composites several potential benefits economic, technical, environmental, credentials perspectives make desirable purposes. However, their mechanical high water absorption, lack standardized development methods limit semi-structural non-structural such paneling, furniture, decking. Future research should aim at reconciling its varying properties based substrate, species, condition, method. Also, efforts target improving weathering hydrophilic propensities, scalability, factors could undermine long-term commercial success applicability.

Language: Английский

---

A review of recent advances in fungal mycelium based composites

Discover Materials, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 4(1)

Published: May 19, 2024

Abstract The increasing global population and rapid urbanization have led to high consumer demand for construction other raw materials. Manufacturing of synthetic material usually generate a large amount waste, resulting in significant environmental impact. Fungi are one the key biological resources that can be used develop wide range sustainable products including biodegradable materials with promising applications, zero waste generation during production process. Mycelium, vegetative part fungus shaped either into pure mycelium or composites. Mycelium grow its network lignocellulosic material, combining separate pieces solid which results Mycelium-Based Composites (MBCs). attributes MBCs influenced by fungal species, growth substrate, processing conditions. Both remarkable advantages as versatile because they porous, elastic, low-density, low-cost eco-friendly potential applications various industries. In this review, we provide an overview latest developments considering possibility using material-driven design (MDD) approach, genetic biochemical modifications enhance properties. We therefore encourage researchers science biotechnology strengthen their collaborative efforts address current challenges innovative field.

Language: Английский

---

Variations in the Properties of Engineered Mycelium-Bound Composites (MBCs) under Different Manufacturing Conditions

Buildings, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(1), P. 155 - 155

Published: Jan. 8, 2024

Mycelium-bound composites (MBCs) are innovative materials created by combining lignocellulosic sub-products with fungal mycelium. These possess a remarkable ability to transform waste fragments into continuous material without requiring additional energy input or generating further waste. The production process of MBCs involves utilising different species, substrates, and pressing techniques, resulting in diverse physical, mechanical, functional properties. A comprehensive evaluation MBCs’ properties is crucial explore their potential applications the construction sector ensure suitability for specific purposes. This study provides critical physical mechanical engineered mycelium-bound under various manufacturing conditions. Additionally, analytic hierarchy (AHP) fuzzy (FCE) methodologies were applied investigation optimum conditions mycelium industry. outcomes FCE show most promising offering an optimal balance between performance efficiency. Furthermore, future development techniques was reviewed, providing valuable reference research endeavours showcasing within field civil engineering.

Language: Английский

---

Sustainable Innovation: Fabrication and Characterization of Mycelium-Based Green Composites for Modern Interior Materials Using Agro-Industrial Wastes and Different Species of Fungi

Polymers, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(4), P. 550 - 550

Published: Feb. 18, 2024

Mycelium-based bio-composites (MBCs) represent a sustainable and innovative material with high potential for contemporary applications, particularly in the field of modern interior design. This research investigates fabrication MBCs materials using agro-industrial wastes (bamboo sawdust corn pericarp) different fungal species. The study focuses on determining physical properties, including moisture content, shrinkage, density, water absorption, volumetric swelling, thermal degradation, mechanical properties (bending, compression, impact, tensile strength). results indicate variations content shrinkage based species substrate types, bamboo exhibiting lower shrinkage. obtained density values range from 212.31 to 282.09 kg/m3, comparable traditional materials, suggesting diverse fields, especially as elements. Water absorption swelling demonstrate influence species, although they do not significantly impact characteristics decoration materials. Thermal degradation analysis aligns established patterns, showcasing suitability various applications. Scanning electron microscope observations reveal morphological features MBCs, emphasizing role mycelia binding particles. Mechanical exhibit bending, strength, demonstrating compatibility used Those produced L. sajor-caju G. fornicatum show promising this context. Particularly noteworthy are their superior compression surpassing observed certain synthetic foams multiple times. Moreover, reveals biodegradability reaching standards environmentally friendly A comprehensive comparison further supports material. Challenges standardization, production scalability, market adoption identified, need ongoing research, engineering advancements, biotechnological innovations. These efforts aim enhance MBC promoting sustainability while also facilitating expansion into mass within construction market.

Language: Английский

---

Recent Advances in Prefabrication Techniques for Biobased Materials Towards a Low-Carbon Future: From Modules to Sustainability

Journal of Building Engineering, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 91, P. 109558 - 109558

Published: May 9, 2024

Language: Английский

---

Evaluating Fast-Growing Fibers for Building Decarbonization with Dynamic LCA

Sustainability, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(2), P. 401 - 401

Published: Jan. 7, 2025

Standard carbon accounting methods and metrics undermine the potential of fast-growing biogenic materials to decarbonize buildings because they ignore timing uptake. The consequence is that analyses can indicate a building material carbon-neutral when it not climate-neutral. Here, we investigated time-dependent effect using fibers in durable construction materials. This study estimated stock flow associated cradle-to-gate emissions for four residential framing systems US: concrete masonry units, light-frame dimensional timber, two incorporate (bamboo Eucalyptus). flows these were scaled across adoption scenarios, Business as Usual, Early-Fast, Late-Slow, Highly Optimistic, ranging from no full new within 10 years. Dynamic life cycle assessment modeling was used project radiative forcing global temperature change potential. results show significantly reduce climate impact US buildings. However, this also reveals highly aggressive, immediate only way achieve net cooling century, highlighting urgent need decision makers use evaluate

Language: Английский

---

Growth Propagation of Liquid Spawn on Non-Woven Hemp Mats to Inform Digital Biofabrication of Mycelium-Based Composites

Biomimetics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 10(1), P. 33 - 33

Published: Jan. 8, 2025

Mycelium-based composites (MBCs) are highly valued for their ability to transform low-value organic materials into sustainable building materials, offering significant potential decarbonizing the construction sector. The properties of MBCs influenced by factors such as mycelium species, substrate fabrication growth parameters, and post-processing. Traditional methods involve combining grain spawn with loose substrates in a mold achieve specific single functional properties, strength, acoustic absorption, or thermal insulation. However, recent advancements have focused on digital biofabrication optimize MBC expand application scope. Despite these developments, existing research predominantly explores use inoculation, little focus liquid spawn. Liquid spawn, however, holds potential, particularly biofabrication, due its ease deposition greater precision compared grains. This paper, part framework, investigates kinetics Ganoderma lucidum Pleurotus ostreatus hemp non-woven mats, flexibility mold-free using inoculation. By integrating biofabricated researchers can develop more sustainable, efficient, specialized solutions fewer resources, enhancing adaptability functionality MBCs. experiment involved pre-cultivating P. G. yeast peptone dextrose (YPD) complete media (CYM) under static (ST) shaking (SH) conditions. Four dilutions (1:10, 1:2, 1:1, 2:1) were prepared analyzed through imagery assess kinetics. Results showed that lower promoted faster full coverage, while higher offered slower partial coverage. SH conditions resulted slightly coverage growth. To control material within system, it is recommended CYM ST YPD lucidum, curves show clear separation between dilutions, reflecting distinct efficiencies speeds be selected desired outcomes.

Language: Английский

---