Modeling the extracellular matrix in cell migration and morphogenesis: a guide for the curious biologist

Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: March 1, 2024

The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a highly complex structure through which biochemical and mechanical signals are transmitted. In processes of cell migration, the ECM also acts as scaffold, providing structural support to cells well points potential attachment. Although well-studied structure, its role in many biological remains difficult investigate comprehensively due complexity variation within an organism. tandem with experiments, mathematical models helpful refining testing hypotheses, generating predictions, exploring conditions outside scope experiments. Such can be combined calibrated vivo vitro data identify critical cell-ECM interactions that drive developmental homeostatic processes, or progression diseases. this review, we focus on computational such migration including cancer metastasis, tissue morphogenesis. By highlighting predictive power these models, aim help bridge gap between experimental approaches studying provide guidance selecting appropriate model framework complement corresponding studies.

Language: Английский

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Glycosylation Modulates the Structure and Functions of Collagen: A Review

Molecules, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 29(7), P. 1417 - 1417

Published: March 22, 2024

Collagens are fundamental constituents of the extracellular matrix and most abundant proteins in mammals. belong to family fibrous or fiber-forming that self-assemble into fibrils define their mechanical properties biological functions. Up now, 28 members collagen superfamily have been recognized. Collagen biosynthesis occurs endoplasmic reticulum, where specific post-translational modification—glycosylation—is also carried out. The glycosylation collagens is very adds β-d-galactopyranose β-d-Glcp-(1→2)-d-Galp disaccharide through β-O-linkage hydroxylysine. Several glycosyltransferases, namely COLGALT1, COLGALT2, LH3, PGGHG glucosidase, were associated with collagens, recently, crystal structure LH3 has solved. Although not fully understood, it clear influences secretion alignment fibrils. A growing body evidence associates its functions various human diseases. Recent progress understanding allows for exploitation therapeutic potential discovery new agents. This review will discuss relevant contributions collagens. Then, glycosyltransferases involved glycosylation, structure, catalytic mechanism be surveyed. Furthermore, involvement glycosylation-related diseases discussed.

Language: Английский

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Regulation of tumor immunity and immunotherapy by the tumor collagen extracellular matrix

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Aug. 17, 2023

It has been known for decades that the tumor extracellular matrix (ECM) is dysfunctional leading to loss of tissue architecture and promotion growth. The altered ECM fibrogenesis leads stiffness act as a physical barrier immune cell infiltration into microenvironment (TME). becoming increasingly clear plays important roles in responses. A growing body data now indicates components also play more active role regulation when dysregulated ligands interact with receptors on cells inhibit subpopulations TME. In addition, immunotherapies such checkpoint inhibitors are approved treat cancer often hindered by changes. this review we highlight ways which alterations affect regulate immunity cancer. More specifically, how collagens major components, suppress complex Finally, will our increased understanding immunotherapy towards novel disruptive strategies overcome suppression.

Language: Английский

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The characteristics and the multiple functions of integrin β1 in human cancers

Journal of Translational Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 21(1)

Published: Nov. 6, 2023

Abstract Integrins, which consist of two non-covalently linked α and β subunits, play a crucial role in cell–cell adhesion cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions. Among them, integrin β1 is the most common subunit has emerged as key mediator cancer, influencing various aspects cancer progression, including cell motility, adhesion, migration, proliferation, differentiation chemotherapy resistance. However, given complexity sometimes contradictory characteristics, targeting for therapeutics been challenge. The emerging understanding mechanisms regulating by may guide development new strategies anti-cancer therapy. In this review, we summarize multiple functions signaling pathways underlie involvement several malignant cancers. Our review suggests possibility using therapeutic target highlights need patient stratification based on expression different receptors future clinical studies.

Language: Английский

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Cancer stem cells and their niche in cancer progression and therapy

Cancer Cell International, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 23(1)

Published: Dec. 1, 2023

Abstract High recurrence and metastasis rates poor prognoses are the major challenges of current cancer therapy. Mounting evidence suggests that stem cells (CSCs) play an important role in development, chemoradiotherapy resistance, recurrence, metastasis. Therefore, targeted CSC therapy has become a new strategy for solving problems recurrence. Since properties CSCs regulated by specific tumour microenvironment, so-called niche, which targets crosstalk between their niches, is vital our pursuit therapeutic opportunities to prevent from recurring. In this review, we aim highlight factors within niche have roles regulating properties, including extracellular matrix (ECM), stromal (e.g., associated macrophages (TAMs), cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), mesenchymal (MSCs)), physiological changes inflammation, hypoxia, angiogenesis). We also discuss recent progress regarding therapies targeting elucidate developments more effective strategies eliminate cancer.

Language: Английский

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Contribution of extracellular vesicles for the pathogenesis of retinal diseases: shedding light on blood-retinal barrier dysfunction

Journal of Biomedical Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 31(1)

Published: May 10, 2024

Abstract Retinal degenerative diseases, including diabetic retinopathy (DR) and age-related macular degeneration (AMD), loom as threats to vision, causing detrimental effects on the structure function of retina. Central understanding these is compromised state blood-retinal barrier (BRB), an effective that regulates influx immune inflammatory components. Whether BRB breakdown initiates retinal distress, or a consequence disease progression, remains enigmatic. Nevertheless, it indication dysfunction potential vision loss. The intricate intercellular dialogues among cell populations remain unintelligible in complex milieu, under conditions inflammation oxidative stress. retina, specialized neural tissue, sustains ceaseless demand for oxygen nutrients from two vascular networks. orchestrates exchange molecules fluids within this region, comprising inner (iBRB) outer (oBRB). Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small membranous structures, act messengers facilitating communication milieu. EVs, both peripheral cells, increase complexity DR AMD. Laden with bioactive cargoes, EVs can modulate microenvironment, influencing progression. Our review delves into multifaceted role elucidating molecular crosstalk they orchestrate, their microRNA (miRNA) content. By shedding light nanoscale messengers, biogenesis, release, interaction uptake by target we aim deepen comprehension explore therapeutic potential, therefore increasing our AMD pathophysiology.

Language: Английский

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Multiple aspects of matrix stiffness in cancer progression

Frontiers in Oncology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: July 2, 2024

The biophysical and biomechanical properties of the extracellular matrix (ECM) are crucial in processes cell differentiation proliferation. However, it is unclear to what extent tumor cells influenced by changes surrounding microenvironment how this response varies between different forms, over course progression. entire ensemble genes encoding ECM associated proteins called matrisome. In cancer, evolves become highly dysregulated, rigid, fibrotic, serving both pro-tumorigenic anti-tumorigenic roles. Tumor desmoplasia characterized a dramatic increase α-smooth muscle actin expressing fibroblast deposition hard containing collagen, fibronectin, proteoglycans, hyaluronic acid common many solid tumors. review, we described role inflammation inflammatory cytokines, desmoplastic remodeling, state transition driven forces signaling pathways mechanotransduction as potential targeted therapies, focusing on impact qualitative quantitative variations regulation development, hypothesizing presence matrisome drivers, acting alongside cell-intrinsic oncogenic some stages neoplastic progression contexts, such pancreatic carcinoma, breast lung cancer mesothelioma.

Language: Английский

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Biomimetic Materials for Skin Tissue Regeneration and Electronic Skin

Biomimetics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 9(5), P. 278 - 278

Published: May 7, 2024

Biomimetic materials have become a promising alternative in the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine to address critical challenges wound healing skin regeneration. Skin-mimetic enormous potential improve outcomes enable innovative diagnostic sensor applications. Human skin, with its complex structure diverse functions, serves as an excellent model for designing biomaterials. Creating effective coverings requires mimicking unique extracellular matrix composition, mechanical properties, biochemical cues. Additionally, integrating electronic functionality into these presents exciting possibilities real-time monitoring, diagnostics, personalized healthcare. This review examines biomimetic their role healing, well integration technologies. It discusses recent advances, challenges, future directions this rapidly evolving field.

Language: Английский

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Recent advances in 3D bioprinted polysaccharide hydrogels for biomedical applications: A comprehensive review

Carbohydrate Polymers, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 348, P. 122845 - 122845

Published: Oct. 17, 2024

Polysaccharide hydrogels, which can mimic the natural extracellular matrix and possess appealing physicochemical biological characteristics, have emerged as significant bioinks for 3D bioprinting. They are highly promising applications in tissue engineering regenerative medicine because of their ability to enhance cell adhesion, proliferation, differentiation a manner akin cellular environment. This review comprehensively examines fabrication methods, polysaccharide hydrogel-driven bioprinting, underscoring its potential engineering, drug delivery, medicine. To contribute pertinent knowledge future research this field, critically key aspects, including chemistry carbohydrates, manufacturing techniques, formulation bioinks, characterization polysaccharide-based hydrogels. Furthermore, explores primary advancements 3D-printed encompassing delivery systems with controlled release kinetics targeted therapy, along tissue-engineered constructs bone, cartilage, skin, vascular regeneration. The use these bioprinted hydrogels innovative fields, disease modeling screening, is also addressed. Despite notable progress, challenges, modulating properties polysaccharides, enhancing bioink printability mechanical properties, achieving long-term vivo stability, been highlighted.

Language: Английский

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Cellulose-Based Nanofibers Infused with Biotherapeutics for Enhanced Wound-Healing Applications

ACS Polymers Au, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 10, 2025

Nanofibers fabricated from various materials such as polymers, carbon, and semiconductors have been widely used for wound healing tissue engineering applications due to their excellent nontoxic, biocompatible, biodegradable properties. with a diameter in the nanometer range possess larger surface area per unit mass permitting easier addition of functionalities release biotherapeutics incorporated compared conventional polymeric microfibers. Henceforth, nanofibers are choice fabricating scaffolds management healing. Nanofibrous emerged promising method dressings since they mimic fibrous dermal extracellular matrix milieu that offers structural support functional signals guiding regeneration. Cellulose-based gained significant attention among researchers fabrication on-site fortified Cellulose is linear, stereoregular insoluble polymer built repeated units d-glucopyranose linked 1,4-β glycoside bonds complex multilevel supramolecular architecture. has by its solubility many solvents capacity self-assembly into nanofibers, facilitating mimicry natural architecture promoting substantial water retention. It also abundant demonstrates low immunogenicity humans nonanimal origins. To this end, cellulose-based studied protein delivery, antibacterial activity, biosensor applications, others. Taken together, review delves an update on fused bioactive compounds not explored considerably past few years.

Language: Английский

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