Chinese Medical Journal,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Dec. 5, 2024
To
the
Editor:
Posttraumatic
stress
disorder
(PTSD),
a
severe
psychiatric
post-trauma,
is
closely
linked
to
fear
memory.[1]
Current
treatments
like
selective
serotonin
reuptake
inhibitors
have
limited
effectiveness
and
side
effects,
necessitating
new
non-invasive
approaches.
PTSD
often
co-occurs
with
depression,
both
are
connected
inflammatory
system
disruptions,
increased
proinflammatory
cytokines
in
patients.[2,3]
Transcutaneous
auricular
vagus
nerve
stimulation
(taVNS)
shows
promise
for
treating
depression
by
reducing
neuroinflammation.[4]
taVNS
combines
traditional
Chinese
medicine
acupuncture
neuroanatomy,
targeting
branch
of
influence
brain
regions
thalamus
hippocampus.
This
study
hypothesizes
that
may
reduce
memory
among
fear-conditioned
mice
through
modulation
responses.
We
utilized
fear-conditioning
mouse
model
evaluate
impact
on
freezing
behavior
quantify
markers,
including
corticosterone,
interleukin-10
(IL-10)
interleukin-1β
(IL-1β),
within
serum
regions.
In
this
study,
effects
were
tested.
Twelve-week-old
C57BL/6J
provided
Beijing
SPF
Biotechnology
Co.,
Ltd.,
Beijing,
China.
All
animal
experiments
approved
Ethics
Committee
Animal
Experiments
Tongren
Hospital,
Capital
Medical
University
(No.
TRLAWEC2024-25).
For
detailed
experimental
methods,
refer
Supplementary
File,
https://links.lww.com/CM9/C239.
The
was
examined,
divided
randomly
into
control
groups
[Figure
1A].
Initial
times
equivalent
across
Context
A
(the
1st
conditioned
stimulus
[CS];
Figure
1B),
no
statistically
significant
differences
time
observed
during
final
CS
10th
CS;
1C),
suggesting
similar
levels.
However,
significantly
reduced
after
two
1D].
Auditory-cued
also
diminished
compared
controls
5th
7th
days
B
1E,
F].
Depression-like
behaviors
assessed
using
open
field
test
(OFT)
treatment
3rd
day.
Locomotor
activity
accounted
for,
showing
difference
total
distance
traveled
1G].
Yet,
1H]
1I]
central
zone,
indicating
depression-like
behaviors.Figure
1:
effect
improve
neuroinflammation
mice.
(A)
flowchart.
(B)
baseline
percentage
CS)
between
(n
=
18).
(C)
conditioning
comparable
(D)
After
treatments,
induced
contextual
decreased
(E,
F)
B,
group
shorter
than
(G)
There
OFT
(H,
I)
spent
traveling
zone
(J,
K)
concentration
corticosterone
anti-inflammatory
factor
IL-10
12).
(L)
level
IL-1β
8).
(M,
N)
hypothalamus
(O,
P)
hippocampus
data
shown
as
mean
±
SEM;
unpaired
Student's
t-test,
*
P
<0.05,
†
<0.01,
‡
<0.001
vs.
group.
CS:
Conditioned
stimulus;
IL-1β:
Interleukin-1β;
IL-10:
Interleukin-10;
ns:
Not
significant;
OFT:
Open
test;
SEM:
Standard
error
mean;
taVNS:
stimulation;
US:
Unconditioned
stimulus.Enzyme-linked
immunosorbent
assays
(ELISAs)
measured
levels
IL-1β,
systemic
response.
while
decreasing
1J–L].
Given
hypothalamus's
role
hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal
(HPA)
axis,
inflammation
assessed.
1M,
N],
inflammation.
Neuroinflammation
hippocampus,
relevant
PTSD,
enhanced
levels,
1O,P].
pioneering
explores
mice,
hypothesizing
potential
anti-neuroinflammatory
mechanism.
Our
results
show
auditory-cued
memory.
reflected
an
OFT,
reduction
without
affecting
motor
activity.
Serum
analysis
revealed
IL-10,
following
taVNS,
Consistent
this,
exhibited
pointing
neuroinflammatory
modulation.
utilizes
model,
crucial
research,
employing
tests
post
treatments.
ruled
out
locomotor
activity,
confirming
its
specific
While
previous
clinical
studies
indicated
PTSD,[5]
conducted
explore
mechanisms,
might
offer
antidepressant
hypothalamus.
nerve's
believed
regulate
immune
thereby
influencing
supporting
properties.
findings
encourage
further
investigation.
Though
promising,
need
larger
trials
deeper
research
essential
establish
modulating
PTSD's
complexity,
multifaceted
approach
psychotherapy
pharmacotherapy
benefit
from
addition
methods
taVNS.
conclusion,
our
showed
at
least
part
Furthermore,
worth
studying
other
mental
disorders
characterized
Funding
work
supported
grants
priming
scientific
foundation
junior
researcher
2023-YJJ-ZZL-018),
National
Natural
Science
Foundation
China
82270411),
Hospitals
Authority's
Ascent
Plan
DFL20220203),
Capital's
Funds
Health
Improvement
Research
CFH2024-2-2058).
Conflicts
interest
None.
Aging and Disease,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown, P. 0 - 0
Published: Jan. 1, 2024
Post-stroke
depression
(PSD),
a
frequent
and
disabling
complication
of
stroke,
has
strong
impact
on
almost
thirty
percent
stroke
survivors.
The
pathogenesis
PSD
is
not
completely
clear
so
far.
Neuroinflammation
following
one
underlying
mechanisms
that
involves
in
the
pathophysiology
plays
an
important
function
development
regarded
as
sign
depression.
During
neuroinflammation
after
ischemic
onset,
both
astrocytes
microglia
undergo
series
morphological
functional
changes
play
pro-inflammatory
or
anti-inflammatory
effect
pathological
process
stroke.
Importantly,
exert
dual
roles
due
to
phenotypic
transformation.
We
summarize
latest
evidence
involving
this
review,
focus
transformation
reveal
via
modulating
neuroinflammation.
Bioengineering,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
11(1), P. 45 - 45
Published: Jan. 1, 2024
Alzheimer’s
Disease
(AD)
is
a
complex
neurodegenerative
disease
resulting
in
progressive
loss
of
memory,
language
and
motor
abilities
caused
by
cortical
hippocampal
degeneration.
This
review
captures
the
landscape
understanding
AD
pathology,
diagnostics,
current
therapies.
Two
major
mechanisms
direct
pathology:
(1)
accumulation
amyloid
β
(Aβ)
plaque
(2)
tau-derived
neurofibrillary
tangles
(NFT).
The
most
common
variants
Aβ
pathway
APP,
PSEN1,
PSEN2
are
largely
responsible
for
early-onset
(EOAD),
while
MAPT,
APOE,
TREM2
ABCA7
have
modifying
effect
on
late-onset
(LOAD).
More
recent
studies
implicate
chaperone
proteins
degrading
AD.
Several
tests,
such
as
cognitive
function,
brain
imaging,
cerebral
spinal
fluid
(CSF)
blood
used
diagnosis.
Additionally,
several
biomarkers
seem
to
unique
specific
combination
expression
could
potentially
be
improved,
less
invasive
diagnostics.
In
addition
genetic
perturbations,
environmental
influences,
altered
gut
microbiome
signatures,
affect
Effective
treatments
been
challenging
develop.
Currently,
there
FDA
approved
drugs
(cholinesterase
inhibitors,
Aß-targeting
antibodies
an
NMDA
antagonist)
that
mitigate
rate
decline
symptoms
distress.
Biomolecules,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
14(2), P. 163 - 163
Published: Jan. 30, 2024
Migraine
is
a
highly
prevalent
neurological
disorder.
Among
the
risk
factors
identified,
psychiatric
comorbidities,
such
as
depression,
seem
to
play
an
important
role
in
its
onset
and
clinical
course.
Patients
with
migraine
are
2.5
times
more
likely
develop
depressive
disorder;
this
becomes
even
higher
patients
suffering
from
chronic
or
aura.
This
relationship
bidirectional,
since
depression
also
predicts
earlier/worse
of
migraine,
increasing
chronicity
and,
consequently,
requiring
healthcare
expenditure
compared
alone.
All
these
data
suggest
that
may
share
overlapping
biological
mechanisms.
Herein,
review
explores
topic
further
detail:
firstly,
by
introducing
common
epidemiological
for
comorbidity;
secondly,
focusing
on
providing
cumulative
evidence
aspects,
particular
emphasis
serotoninergic
system,
neuropeptides
calcitonin-gene-related
peptide
(CGRP),
pituitary
adenylate
cyclase-activating
polypeptide
(PACAP),
substance
P,
neuropeptide
Y
orexins,
sexual
hormones,
immune
system;
lastly,
remarking
future
challenges
required
elucidate
etiopathological
mechanisms
updated
information
regarding
new
key
targets
pharmacological
treatment
entities.
Journal of Personalized Medicine,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
14(5), P. 488 - 488
Published: May 3, 2024
Interleukin-8
(IL-8/CXCL8),
an
essential
CXC
chemokine,
significantly
influences
psychoneuroimmunological
processes
and
affects
neurological
psychiatric
health.
It
exerts
a
profound
effect
on
immune
cell
activation
brain
function,
suggesting
potential
roles
in
both
neuroprotection
neuroinflammation.
IL-8
production
is
stimulated
by
several
factors,
including
reactive
oxygen
species
(ROS)
known
to
promote
inflammation
disease
progression.
Additionally,
CXCL8
gene
polymorphisms
can
alter
production,
leading
differences
susceptibility,
progression,
severity
across
populations.
levels
vary
among
neuropsychiatric
conditions,
demonstrating
sensitivity
psychosocial
stressors
severity.
be
detected
blood
circulation,
cerebrospinal
fluid
(CSF),
urine,
making
it
promising
candidate
for
broad-spectrum
biomarker.
This
review
highlights
the
need
further
research
diverse
effects
of
associated
implications
personalized
medicine.
A
thorough
understanding
its
complex
role
could
lead
development
more
effective
treatment
strategies
conditions.
Frontiers in Neurology,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
14
Published: Nov. 2, 2023
Stroke
is
one
of
the
most
common
cerebrovascular
diseases,
which
cause
long-term
mental
illness
and
physical
disability,
Post-stroke
depression
(PSD)
neuropsychiatric
complication
after
stroke,
its
mechanisms
are
characterized
by
complexity,
plurality,
diversity,
seriously
affects
quality
survival
prognosis
patients.
Studies
have
focused
on
recognized
neurotransmitter-based
selective
serotonin-reuptake
inhibitors
(SSRIs)
can
be
used
to
treat
PSD.
Neuroinflammation,
neuroendocrinology,
neurotrophic
factors,
site
stroke
lesion
may
affect
neurotransmitters.
Thus
PSD
been
increasingly
studied.
Pharmacological
treatment
mainly
includes
SSRIs,
noradrenergic
specific
serotonergic
antidepressant
(NaSSA),
anti-inflammatory
drugs,
vitamin
D,
ect,
confirmed
better
efficacy
clinical
studies.
Currently,
there
an
increasing
number
studies
related
However,
pharmacologic
still
unclear.
In
future,
in-depth
research
needed
provide
a
reference
for
prevention
Reviews in Medical Virology,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
33(1)
Published: Oct. 9, 2022
Abstract
Interleukin
(IL)‐1β
is
a
key
innate
cytokine
that
essential
for
immune
activation
and
promoting
the
inflammatory
process.
However,
abnormal
elevation
in
IL‐1β
levels
has
been
associated
with
unwanted
clinical
outcomes.
most
extensively
studied
among
IL‐1
family
of
cytokines
its
role
pathology
well
established.
During
course
human
immunodeficiency
virus
type
1
(HIV‐1)
infection,
level
this
proinflammatory
increased
different
anatomical
compartments,
particularly
lymphatic
tissues,
disease
progression.
The
aim
review
to
address
pathological
roles
play
by
light
enhancing
HIV‐1
replication,
driving
cell
depletion,
chronic
activation.
transmission
(sexually
or
vertically
‘from
mother‐to‐child’)
will
also
be
discussed.
Additionally,
impact
available
antiretroviral
therapy
regimens
on
treated
patients
Finally,
we
provide
glance
how
could
targeted
as
therapeutic
strategy.
Life,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
14(9), P. 1110 - 1110
Published: Sept. 3, 2024
Post-stroke
depression
(PSD)
represents
a
significant
neuropsychiatric
complication
that
affects
between
39%
and
52%
of
stroke
survivors,
leading
to
impaired
recovery,
decreased
quality
life,
increased
mortality.
This
comprehensive
review
synthesizes
our
current
knowledge
PSD,
encompassing
its
epidemiology,
risk
factors,
underlying
neurochemical
mechanisms,
the
existing
tools
for
preclinical
investigation,
including
animal
models
behavioral
analyses.
Despite
high
prevalence
severe
impact
challenges
persist
in
accurately
modeling
complex
symptomatology
settings,
underscoring
need
robust
valid
better
understand
treat
PSD.
also
highlights
multidimensional
nature
where
both
biological
psychosocial
factors
interplay
influence
onset
course.
Further,
we
examine
efficacy
limitations
mimicking
human
PSD
condition,
along
with
tests
used
evaluate
depressive-like
behaviors
rodents.
sets
new
precedent
by
integrating
latest
findings
across
multidisciplinary
studies,
thereby
offering
unique
perspective
knowledge.
Finally,
development
more
sophisticated
closely
replicate
clinical
features
is
crucial
order
advance
translational
research
facilitate
discovery
future
effective
therapies.
