The Underlying Neurobiological Mechanisms of Psychosis: Focus on Neurotransmission Dysregulation, Neuroinflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Mitochondrial Dysfunction

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(6), P. 709 - 709

Published: June 12, 2024

Psychosis, defined as a set of symptoms that results in distorted sense reality, is observed several psychiatric disorders addition to schizophrenia. This paper reviews the literature relevant underlying neurobiology psychosis. The dopamine hypothesis has been major influence study neurochemistry psychosis and development antipsychotic drugs. However, it became clear early on other factors must be involved dysfunction In current review, reported how these factors, namely dysregulation neurotransmitters [dopamine, serotonin, glutamate, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)], neuroinflammation, glia (microglia, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes), hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis, gut microbiome, oxidative stress, mitochondrial contribute interact with one another. Research increased knowledge complexity psychotic disorders. Potential new pharmacotherapies, including combinations drugs (with pre- probiotics some cases) affecting mentioned above, have suggested. Similarly, putative biomarkers, particularly those related immune system, proposed. Future research both pharmacotherapy biomarkers will require better-designed studies conducted an all stages consider confounders such sex differences comorbidity.

Language: Английский

The Role of Neuroglia in the Development and Progression of Schizophrenia

Biomolecules, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1), P. 10 - 10

Published: Dec. 25, 2024

Schizophrenia is a complex heterogenous disorder thought to be caused by interactions between genetic and environmental factors. The theories developed explain the etiology of schizophrenia have focused largely on dysfunction neurotransmitters such as dopamine, serotonin glutamate with their receptors, although research in past several decades has indicated strongly that other factors are also involved role neuroglial cells psychotic disorders including should given more attention. Although glia were originally present brain only support neurons physical, metabolic nutritional capacity, it become apparent these variety important physiological roles abnormalities function may make significant contributions symptoms schizophrenia. In paper, we review microglia, astrocytes oligodendroglia aspects transmitter dysregulation, neuro-inflammation, oxidative stress, synaptic function, gut microbiome, myelination blood-brain barrier appear affect cause, development treatment We crosstalk oligodendrocytes effects antipsychotics neuroglia. Problems associated studies specific biomarkers for discussed.

Language: Английский