Differences in the gut Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio across age groups in healthy Ukrainian population

BMC Microbiology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 20(1)

Published: July 22, 2020

Abstract Background Gut microbiota plays an important role in physiological and pathological processes of the host organism, including aging. Microbiota composition was shown to vary significantly throughout life course. Age-related changes were reported several human studies. In present study, age-related dynamics phylogenetic profile gut investigated 1550 healthy participants from Ukrainian population. Results Significant determined by qRT-PCR at level major microbial phyla across age groups have been observed. The relative abundance Actinobacteria Firmicutes increased, while that Bacteroidetes decreased childhood elderly age. Accordingly, Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio increase until elder both sexes, odds F/B > 1 tended with age, reaching maximum values [OR = 2.7 (95% CI, 1.2–6.0) OR 3.7 1.4–9.6) for female male 60–69-year groups, respectively, compared same-sex reference (0–9-year) groups]. Conclusions conclusion, data our study indicate intestinal differs groups. tends 0–9-year Further studies are needed a better understanding mechanisms underlying composition.

Language: Английский

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Dysbiosis of the Gut Microbiome is associated with Tumor Biomarkers in Lung Cancer

International Journal of Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 15(11), P. 2381 - 2392

Published: Jan. 1, 2019

Lung cancer is a malignancy with high morbidity and mortality worldwide.More evidences indicated that gut microbiome plays an important role in the carcinogenesis progression of cancers by metabolism, inflammation immune response.However, study about characterizations lung limited.In this study, fecal samples were collected from 16 healthy individuals 30 patients who divided into 3 groups based on different tumor biomarkers (cytokeratin 19 fragment, neuron specific enolase carcinoembryonic antigen, respectively) analyzed using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing.Each group has characterized microbial community presents elimination, low-density, loss bacterial diversity ecosystem compared to control.The structures family genera levels are more complex significantly varied each presenting special pathogen such as Enterobacteriaceae, Streptococcus, Prevotella, etc fewer probiotic including Blautia, Coprococcus, Bifidobacterium Lachnospiraceae.The Kyoto Encyclopedia Genes Genomes (KEGG) COG annotation demonstrated decreased abundance some dominant metabolism-related pathways cancer.This explores for first time features may provide new insight pathogenesis system, implication microbiota serve marker contribute derived metabolites, development differentiation system.

Language: Английский

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Effect of probiotics and gut microbiota on anti-cancer drugs: Mechanistic perspectives

Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Reviews on Cancer, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 1875(1), P. 188494 - 188494

Published: Dec. 17, 2020

Language: Английский

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Polyphenols in cancer prevention: New insights (Review)

International Journal of Functional Nutrition, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 1(2)

Published: Oct. 5, 2020

A huge volume of literature data suggests that a diet rich in fruits and vegetables, mostly due to the contribution natural polyphenols, could reduce incidence specific cancers. Resveratrol, epigallocatechin gallate curcumin are among most extensively studied polyphenols: The majority effects attributed these compounds linked their antioxidant anti‑inflammatory properties. multiple mechanisms involved include modulation molecular events signaling pathways associated with cell survival, proliferation, differentiation, migration, angiogenesis, hormonal activities, detoxification enzymes immune responses. Notwithstanding promising role cancer prevention treatment, polyphenols often have poor bioavailability when administered as pure active principles, representing an important limit use. However, thus efficacy can be improved by administration combination other phytochemicals, anticancer drugs or polyphenol‑loaded nanotechnology‑based delivery systems. possibility combining conventional offers very valuable advantages, such building more efficient therapies less side‑effects on health patients. present review focuses current knowledge regarding interactions between development order gain clearer comprehension potential through which individual foods food components may exploited risk.

Language: Английский

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Tumor microenvironment signaling and therapeutics in cancer progression

Cancer Communications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 43(5), P. 525 - 561

Published: April 2, 2023

Abstract Tumor development and metastasis are facilitated by the complex interactions between cancer cells their microenvironment, which comprises stromal extracellular matrix (ECM) components, among other factors. Stromal can adopt new phenotypes to promote tumor cell invasion. A deep understanding of signaling pathways involved in cell‐to‐cell cell‐to‐ECM is needed design effective intervention strategies that might interrupt these interactions. In this review, we describe microenvironment (TME) components associated therapeutics. We discuss clinical advances prevalent newly discovered TME, immune checkpoints immunosuppressive chemokines, currently used inhibitors targeting pathways. These include both intrinsic non‐autonomous TME: protein kinase C (PKC) signaling, Notch, transforming growth factor (TGF‐β) Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) stress response, lactate Metabolic reprogramming, cyclic GMP–AMP synthase (cGAS)–stimulator interferon genes (STING) Siglec also recent Programmed Cell Death Protein 1 (PD‐1), Cytotoxic T‐Lymphocyte Associated 4 (CTLA4), T‐cell immunoglobulin mucin‐3 (TIM‐3) Lymphocyte Activating Gene 3 (LAG3) checkpoint along with C‐C chemokine receptor (CCR4)‐ class chemokines 22 (CCL22)/ 17 (CCL17), type 2 (CCR2)‐ (C‐C motif) ligand (CCL2), 5 (CCR5)‐ (CCL3) axis TME. addition, review provides a holistic TME as three‐dimensional microfluidic models believed recapitulate original characteristics patient hence may be platform study mechanisms screen for various anti‐cancer therapies. further systemic influences gut microbiota reprogramming treatment response. Overall, comprehensive analysis diverse most critical highlighting newest preclinical studies underlying biology. highlight importance technologies microfluidics lab‐on‐chip research present an overview extrinsic factors, such inhabitant human microbiome, have potential modulate biology drug responses.

Language: Английский

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Participation of Short-Chain Fatty Acids and Their Receptors in Gut Inflammation and Colon Cancer

Frontiers in Physiology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: April 8, 2021

Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are the main metabolites produced by bacterial fermentation of dietary fiber, and they play a critical role in maintenance intestinal health. SCFAs also essential for modulating different processes, have anti-inflammatory properties immunomodulatory effects. As inflammatory process predisposes development cancer promotes all stages tumorigenesis, an antitumor effect has been associated with SCFAs. This is strongly supported epidemiological studies showing that diet rich fiber linked to reduced risk colon significant clinical benefits patients bowel disease (IBD). may signal through metabolite-sensing G protein-coupled receptors free acid receptor 3 [FFAR3 or 41 (GPR41)], FFAR2 (GPR43), GPR109A (also known as hydroxycarboxylic 2 HCAR2) expressed gut epithelium immune cells. review summarizes existing knowledge regarding SCFA-mediated suppression inflammation carcinogenesis IBD cancer.

Language: Английский

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Gut microbes and muscle function: can probiotics make our muscles stronger?

Journal of Cachexia Sarcopenia and Muscle, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13(3), P. 1460 - 1476

Published: March 12, 2022

Language: Английский

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Diabetes and Cancer: Risk, Challenges, Management and Outcomes

Cancers, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 13(22), P. 5735 - 5735

Published: Nov. 16, 2021

Diabetes mellitus and cancer are commonly coexisting illnesses, the global incidence prevalence of both rising. Cancer patients with diabetes face unique challenges. This review highlights relationship between various aspects management in patients.A literature search using keywords PubMed was performed. Studies that were published English prior to July 2021 assessed an overview epidemiology, risk, outcomes, treatment-related hyperglycemia is provided.Overall, 8-18% have as a comorbid medical condition. risk factor for certain solid malignancies, such pancreatic, liver, colon, breast, endometrial cancer. Several novel targeted compounds immunotherapies can cause hyperglycemia. Nevertheless, most undergoing therapy be managed appropriate glucose lowering agent without need discontinuation treatment. Evidence suggests higher cancer-related mortality; therefore, multidisciplinary approach important better outcome.Future studies required understand underlying mechanism diabetes. Furthermore, high-quality prospective evaluating innovative tools needed. A patient-centered avoid adverse outcomes.

Language: Английский

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Akkermansia muciniphila and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii in Immune-Related Diseases

Microorganisms, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10(12), P. 2382 - 2382

Published: Nov. 30, 2022

Probiotics and synbiotics are used to treat chronic illnesses due their roles in immune system modulation anti-inflammatory response. They have been shown reduce inflammation a number of immune-related disorders, including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), inflammatory skin conditions such as psoriasis atopic dermatitis (AD). Akkermansia muciniphila (A. muciniphila) Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (F. prausnitzii) two different types bacteria that play significant part this function. It has established abundant normal populations protective benefits on digestive health while also enhancing the system, metabolism, gut barrier host. potential be therapeutic target diseases connected microbiota, immunological disorders cancer immunotherapy. There not review effects Faecalibacterium, particularly diseases. In review, we highlight most recent scientific findings regarding A. F. microbiota for microbiome alterations seek provide cutting-edge insight terms microbiome-targeted therapies promising preventive tools

Language: Английский

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The potential of probiotics in the amelioration of hyperuricemia

Food & Function, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13(5), P. 2394 - 2414

Published: Jan. 1, 2022

Probiotics strategies for ameliorating hyperuricemia are promising based on the characteristics of probiotics and uric acid metabolism in humans. The administration could ameliorate its related metabolic disorders.

Language: Английский

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