A Review of Colorectal Cancer in Terms of Epidemiology, Risk Factors, Development, Symptoms and Diagnosis

Cancers, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 13(9), P. 2025 - 2025

Published: April 22, 2021

This review article contains a concise consideration of genetic and environmental risk factors for colorectal cancer. Known associated with cancer include familial hereditary lifestyle-related ecological factors. Lifestyle are significant because the potential improving our understanding disease. Physical inactivity, obesity, smoking alcohol consumption can also be addressed through therapeutic interventions. We made efforts to systematize available literature data on epidemiology, diagnosis, type nature symptoms disease stages. Further study progress globally is crucial inform future strategies in controlling disease’s burden population-based preventative initiatives.

Language: Английский

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Is cancer biology different in older patients?

The Lancet Healthy Longevity, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 2(10), P. e663 - e677

Published: Sept. 30, 2021

Roughly 50% of cancer cases occur in people aged 65 years or older. Older are often diagnosed at a later stage and might receive less (intensive) treatment, which affect the outcome. In addition, an older age be associated with biological differences tumour microenvironment behaviour, domain that has been poorly studied so far. this narrative Review published literature, we explored reported biology according to five major types: breast, colorectal, prostate, lung, melanoma. Our literature search uncovered clear histology subtype distribution compared younger patients, as well age-specific patterns mutations other molecular alterations. Several studies also indicate notable changes tumour-infiltrating immune cells tumours versus people, although research is still its infancy. More needed lead better understanding ageing relation malignancy. This knowledge could provide new perspectives for more personalised treatments, eventually improving global outcomes patients cancer.

Language: Английский

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Colon Carcinogenesis: The Interplay Between Diet and Gut Microbiota

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: Dec. 8, 2020

Colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence increases yearly, and is three to four times higher in developed countries compared developing countries. The well-known risk factors have been attributed low physical activity, overweight, obesity, dietary consumption including excessive of red processed meats, alcohol, fiber content. There growing evidence the interplay between diet gut microbiota CRC carcinogenesis. Although there appears be a direct causal role for microbes development some animal models, link diet, microbes, colonic carcinogenesis has established largely as an association rather than cause-and-effect relationship. This especially true human studies. As essential influence risk, proteins, carbohydrates, fat, their end products are considered part microbiota. underlying molecular mechanisms colon mediated by also discussed. Human biological responses such inflammation, oxidative stress, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage can all dysbiosis consequently Dysbiosis could add shifting effect components toward promoting neoplasm together with interacting It follows that intervention modulation may play vital reducing risk.

Language: Английский

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Mitogen‐activated protein kinase activity drives cell trajectories in colorectal cancer

EMBO Molecular Medicine, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 13(10)

Published: Aug. 19, 2021

Language: Английский

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Molecular Pathogenesis of Colorectal Cancer with an Emphasis on Recent Advances in Biomarkers, as Well as Nanotechnology-Based Diagnostic and Therapeutic Approaches

Nanomaterials, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(1), P. 169 - 169

Published: Jan. 4, 2022

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a serious disease that affects millions of people throughout the world, despite considerable advances in therapy. The formation colorectal adenomas and invasive adenocarcinomas consequence succession genetic epigenetic changes normal colonic epithelium. Genetic processes associated with onset, development, metastasis sporadic CRC have been studied depth, resulting identifying biomarkers might be used to predict behaviour prognosis beyond staging influence therapeutic options. A novel biomarker, or group biomarkers, must discovered order build an accurate clinically useful test may as alternative conventional methods for early detection identify prospective new intervention targets. To minimise mortality burden cancer, screening higher accuracy nano-based diagnostic precision are needed. Cytotoxic medication has negative side effects restricted by resistance. One most promising treatment techniques use carrier system delivery mechanism. deliver cytotoxic medicines, targeted nanoparticles take advantage differently expressed molecules on surface cells. different compounds ligands interact cells, enabling efficient antitumor medicines. Formulations based aid diagnosis help overcome limitations traditional treatments, including low water solubility, nonspecific biodistribution, bioavailability. This article addresses about molecular pathogenesis highlights biomarkers. It also provides conceptual knowledge nanotechnology-based approaches malignant cancer.

Language: Английский

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Genetic and epigenetic dependencies in colorectal cancer development

Gastroenterology report, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: Jan. 1, 2022

Abstract Recent studies have mapped key genetic changes in colorectal cancer (CRC) that impact important pathways contributing to the multistep models for CRC initiation and development. In parallel with changes, normal tissues harbor epigenetic alterations impacting regulation of critical genes been shown play profound roles tumor initiation. Cumulatively, these molecular are only loosely associated heterogenous transcriptional programs, reflecting heterogeneity various subtypes paths Studies from mapping early lesions use experimental suggest intricate dependencies hits shape development via different its manifestation into subtypes. We highlight dependency driving discuss factors affecting over time and, by extension, risk cancer.

Language: Английский

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Recent Insights into Nanotechnology in Colorectal Cancer

Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 196(7), P. 4457 - 4471

Published: Sept. 26, 2023

Language: Английский

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Epigenetic regulation of HOXA2 expression affects tumor progression and predicts breast cancer patient survival

Cell Death and Differentiation, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 20, 2025

Language: Английский

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BRAF Mutated Colorectal Cancer: New Treatment Approaches

Cancers, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 12(6), P. 1571 - 1571

Published: June 14, 2020

Colon cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed malignancies in adults, considering both its incidence and prevalence. Anatomically, right colon considered as being from cecum to splenic flexure, left flexure rectum. Sidedness a surrogate wide spectrum colorectal (CRC) biology features (embryology, microbiome, methylation, microsatellite instability (MSI), BRAF, aging, KRAS, consensus molecular subtypes (CMS), etc.), which result prognostic factors. Different have been identified, according genomic transcriptomic criteria. A subgroup harboring BRAF mutation has described, represents approximately 10% patients with cancer. This morphological, clinical, therapeutic characteristics that differ substantially who do not carry this genetic alteration. Unfortunately, there no established standard care for particular cohort patients. manuscript aims study cancer, understand current approach clinical research.

Language: Английский

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Microsatellite Instability in Colorectal Cancers: Carcinogenesis, Neo-Antigens, Immuno-Resistance and Emerging Therapies

Cancers, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 13(12), P. 3063 - 3063

Published: June 19, 2021

A defect in the DNA repair system through a deficient mismatch (dMMR) leads to microsatellite instability (MSI). Microsatellites are located both coding and non-coding sequences dMMR/MSI tumors associated with high mutation burden. Some of these mutations occur lead production neo-antigens able trigger an anti-tumoral immune response. This explains why non-metastatic MSI infiltrates good prognosis. Metastatic result from tumor escape poor prognosis chemoresistance. Consequently, checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) highly effective have recently been approved metastatic colorectal cancers (mCRC). Nevertheless, some patients mCRC primary or secondary resistance ICI. review details carcinogenesis mechanisms which can activate system. After which, we discuss mechanistic hypotheses attempt explain resistances ICI emerging strategies being developed overcome this phenomenon by targeting other checkpoints vaccination modification microbiota.

Language: Английский

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