Journal of Biological Chemistry,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
299(8), P. 105038 - 105038
Published: July 12, 2023
Covalent
amino
acid
modification
significantly
expands
protein
functional
capability
in
regulating
biological
processes.
Tyrosine
residues
can
undergo
phosphorylation,
sulfation,
adenylation,
halogenation,
and
nitration.
These
post-translational
modifications
(PTMs)
result
from
the
actions
of
specific
enzymes:
tyrosine
kinases,
tyrosyl-protein
sulfotransferase(s),
adenylate
transferase(s),
oxidoreductases,
peroxidases,
metal-heme
containing
proteins.
Whereas
sulfation
adenylation
modify
hydroxyl
group
tyrosine,
halogenation
nitration
target
adjacent
carbon
residues.
Because
aberrant
has
been
associated
with
human
disorders
animal
models
disease,
we
have
created
an
updated
curated
database
908
nitrated
We
also
analyzed
this
new
resource
to
provide
insight
into
role
cancer
biology,
area
that
not
previously
considered
detail.
Unexpectedly,
found
879
1,971
known
sites
are
phosphorylation
suggesting
extensive
for
cell
signaling.
Overall,
review
offers
several
forward-looking
opportunities
future
research
perspectives
understanding
biology.
Journal of Nanobiotechnology,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
20(1)
Published: Sept. 24, 2022
Cancer
often
develops
multidrug
resistance
(MDR)
when
cancer
cells
become
resistant
to
numerous
structurally
and
functionally
different
chemotherapeutic
agents.
MDR
is
considered
one
of
the
principal
reasons
for
failure
many
forms
clinical
chemotherapy.
Several
factors
are
involved
in
development
including
increased
expression
efflux
transporters,
tumor
microenvironment,
changes
molecular
targets
activity
stem
cells.
Recently,
researchers
have
designed
developed
a
number
small
molecule
inhibitors
derivatives
natural
compounds
overcome
various
mechanisms
MDR.
Unfortunately,
most
chemosensitizing
approaches
failed
trials
due
non-specific
interactions
adverse
side
effects
at
pharmacologically
effective
concentrations.
Nanomedicine
provide
an
efficient
drug
delivery
platform
limitations
conventional
chemotherapy
improve
therapeutic
effectiveness.
Multifunctional
nanomaterials
been
found
facilitate
by
improving
bioavailability
pharmacokinetics,
enhancing
efficacy
drugs
In
this
review
article,
we
discuss
major
contributing
existing
chemotherapy-
nanocarrier-based
systems
mechanisms.
We
critically
recent
nanotechnology-based
combat
heterogeneity,
mechanisms,
DNA
repair
apoptotic
machineries
Recent
successful
therapies
nature
include
liposomal
nanoformulations,
cRGDY-PEG-Cy5.5-Carbon
dots
Cds/ZnS
core-shell
quantum
that
employed
treatment
sub-types
cell
lung,
head
neck
breast
cancers.
Oncogenesis,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
11(1)
Published: May 3, 2022
Abstract
Neutrophils
are
central
mediators
of
innate
and
adaptive
immunity
first
responders
to
tissue
damage.
Although
vital
our
health,
their
activation,
function,
resolution
critical
preventing
chronic
inflammation
that
may
contribute
carcinogenesis.
Cancers
associated
with
the
expansion
neutrophil
compartment
an
escalation
in
number
polymorphonuclear
myeloid-derived
suppressor
cells
(PMN-MDSC)
peripheral
circulation
tumor
microenvironment.
phenotypically
similar
classically
activated
neutrophils,
PMN-MDSC
is
pathologically
immunosuppressive
nature.
They
dynamically
interact
other
cell
populations
components
convey
resistance
anticancer
therapies
while
accelerating
disease
progression
metastatic
spread.
Cancer-associated
neutrophilia
infiltration
neutrophils
significant
markers
poor
outcomes
many
cancers.
Recently,
there
has
been
progress
identification
molecular
providing
insights
into
role
local
microenvironment
as
well
systemic
immune
response
cancer.
Further
advances
sequencing
proteomics
techniques
will
improve
understanding
diverse
functionalities
complex
mechanisms
at
play.
Targeting
currently
one
major
focus
areas
cancer
research
several
signaling
pathways
representing
possible
treatment
targets
have
identified.
Positive
results
from
preclinical
studies
clearly
justify
current
investigation
drug
development
thus
novel
therapeutic
strategies
being
evaluated
clinical
trials.
In
this
review,
we
discuss
involvement
initiation
potential
biomarkers
different
Journal of Biological Chemistry,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
299(8), P. 105038 - 105038
Published: July 12, 2023
Covalent
amino
acid
modification
significantly
expands
protein
functional
capability
in
regulating
biological
processes.
Tyrosine
residues
can
undergo
phosphorylation,
sulfation,
adenylation,
halogenation,
and
nitration.
These
post-translational
modifications
(PTMs)
result
from
the
actions
of
specific
enzymes:
tyrosine
kinases,
tyrosyl-protein
sulfotransferase(s),
adenylate
transferase(s),
oxidoreductases,
peroxidases,
metal-heme
containing
proteins.
Whereas
sulfation
adenylation
modify
hydroxyl
group
tyrosine,
halogenation
nitration
target
adjacent
carbon
residues.
Because
aberrant
has
been
associated
with
human
disorders
animal
models
disease,
we
have
created
an
updated
curated
database
908
nitrated
We
also
analyzed
this
new
resource
to
provide
insight
into
role
cancer
biology,
area
that
not
previously
considered
detail.
Unexpectedly,
found
879
1,971
known
sites
are
phosphorylation
suggesting
extensive
for
cell
signaling.
Overall,
review
offers
several
forward-looking
opportunities
future
research
perspectives
understanding
biology.
