Skin Cancer Screening

JAMA, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 329(15), P. 1296 - 1296

Published: April 18, 2023

Importance Skin cancer is the most common type and a major cause of morbidity. Objective To systematically review benefits harms screening for skin to inform US Preventive Services Task Force. Data Sources MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central Register Controlled Trials from June 1, 2015, through January 7, 2022; surveillance December 16, 2022. Study Selection English-language studies conducted in asymptomatic populations 15 years or older. Extraction Synthesis Two reviewers independently appraised articles extracted relevant data fair- good-quality studies; results were narratively summarized. Main Outcomes Measures Morbidity; mortality; stage, precursor lesions, lesion thickness at detection; screening. Results Twenty 29 included (N = 6 053 411). Direct evidence on effectiveness was 3 nonrandomized analyses 2 population-based programs Germany (n 1 791 615) suggested no melanoma mortality benefit population level over 4 10 years’ follow-up. Six 935 513) provided inconsistent association between clinician examination stage diagnosis. Compared with usual care, routine not associated increased detection lesions (5 studies) (3 studies). Evidence Nine 326 051) found consistent positive more advanced increasing risk melanoma-associated all-cause mortality. 232) little persistent cosmetic psychosocial Conclusions Relevance A substantial base suggests clear earlier decreased risk. However, suggest visual adolescents adults detection. regarding whether thinner

Language: Английский

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Survival trends in solid cancers in the Nordic countries through 50 years

European Journal of Cancer, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 175, P. 77 - 85

Published: Sept. 9, 2022

AimsGlobal survival studies in cancer have generally shown favourable development, but over extended periods on populations for which medical care is essentially free of charge are lacking.MethodsWe analyse relative 1- and 5-year all solid cancers Denmark, Finland, Norway Sweden through a 50-year period (1970–2019) using the NORDCAN database.ResultsThe most recent results showed three types patterns. Cancers very good (5-year ∼90%) included common breast prostate, as well melanoma. The second pattern, largest number cancers, 1-year 80% drop 10–20 % units survival. third group consisted eight fatal sharing poor (around 20%). improvement was (30–50 units) kidney, brain, gallbladder liver (∼30%) colon, small intestinal, lung, pleural, pancreas ovarian cancers. Improvements were highest (40–50 prostate kidney remained at Survival significant sex preferences few cancers.ConclusionsThe analysis half-century confirms progress 'real-world' control, 84% patients >60%. Metastases remain challenge, placing emphasis early detection before metastasis occurs. Novel therapies, such immunotherapy has curative potential even against metastatic disease, needed.

Language: Английский

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Hodgkin lymphoma: 2025 update on diagnosis, risk‐stratification, and management

American Journal of Hematology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Sept. 6, 2024

Abstract Disease Overview Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is an uncommon B‐cell lymphoid malignancy affecting 8570 new patients annually and representing ~10% of all lymphomas in the United States. Diagnosis HL composed two distinct disease entities: classical nodular lymphocyte predominant (also called lymphoma). Nodular sclerosis, mixed cellularity, depletion, lymphocyte‐rich are subgroups HL. Risk Stratification An accurate assessment stage with critical for selection appropriate therapy. Prognostic models that identify at low or high risk recurrence, as well response to therapy determined by positron emission tomography (PET) scan, used optimize Risk‐Adapted Therapy Initial based on histology disease, anatomical presence poor prognostic features. Patients early‐stage typically treated combined modality strategies utilizing abbreviated courses combination chemotherapy followed involved‐field radiation therapy, whereas those advanced receive a longer course often without However, newer agents including brentuximab vedotin anti‐PD‐1 antibodies now standardly incorporated into frontline Management Relapsed/Refractory High‐dose (HDCT) autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) standard care most who relapse following initial For fail HDCT ASCT, vedotin, PD‐1 blockade, non‐myeloablative allogeneic participation clinical trial should be considered.

Language: Английский

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Survival in Colon, Rectal and Small Intestinal Cancers in the Nordic Countries through a Half Century

Cancers, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(3), P. 991 - 991

Published: Feb. 3, 2023

Background: Survival studies in intestinal cancers have generally shown favorable development, but few been able to pinpoint the timing of changes survival over an extended period. Here, we compared relative rates for colon, rectal and small from Denmark (DK), Finland (FI), Norway (NO) Sweden (SE). Design: Relative 1-, 5- 5/1-year conditional data were obtained NORDCAN database years 1971–2020. Results: The 50-year patterns country-specific. For colon cancers, slopes curves bended upwards DK, almost linear NO downwards FI SE; 5-year was highest DK. cancer initially below it caught up toward end follow-up. Conclusions: has developed well Nordic countries, DK is example a country which 20 achieve excellent cancers. In other increase slowed down, may be challenge posed by metastatic

Language: Английский

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Describing patterns of familial cancer risk in subfertile men using population pedigree data

Human Reproduction, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 39(4), P. 822 - 833

Published: Feb. 22, 2024

Abstract STUDY QUESTION Can we simultaneously assess risk for multiple cancers to identify familial multicancer patterns in families of azoospermic and severely oligozoospermic men? SUMMARY ANSWER Distinct cancer were observed the azoospermia severe oligozoospermia cohorts, suggesting heterogeneity by both type subfertility within type. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Subfertile men their relatives show increased certain including testicular, thyroid, pediatric. DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION A retrospective cohort subfertile (N = 786) was identified matched fertile population controls 5674). Family members out third-degree 337 754). The study period 1966–2017. Individuals censored at death or loss follow-up, follow-up occurred if they left Utah during period. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Azoospermic (0 × 106/mL) (<1.5 Subfertility Health Assisted Reproduction Environment (SHARE). age- sex-matched 5:1 family using Population Database (UPDB). Cancer diagnoses through Registry. Families containing ≥10 with ≥1 year 1966–2017 included (azoospermic: N 426 families, 21 361 individuals; oligozoospermic: 360 18 818 individuals). Unsupervised clustering based on standardized incidence ratios 34 phenotypes used patterns; oligospermia assessed separately. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Compared control significant increases risks five types: bone joint hazard ratio (HR) 2.56 (95% CI 1.48–4.42), soft tissue HR 1.56 1.01–2.39), uterine 1.27 1.03–1.56), Hodgkin lymphomas 1.60 1.07–2.39), thyroid 1.54 1.21–1.97). Among seen three colon 1.16 1.01–1.32), 2.43 1.30–4.54), testis 2.34 1.60–3.42) along a decrease esophageal 0.39 0.16–0.97). Thirteen clusters men, 66% showed population-level risks, however, remaining 12 elevated 2-7 types. Several also odds young ages six showing adolescent adult (AYA) diagnosis [odds (OR) 1.96–2.88] two pediatric (OR 3.64–12.63). Within cohort, distinct identified. All 1–3 An increase clusters, AYA 2.19–2.78) an additional 3.84–9.32). LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Although this has many strengths, data structure, subfertility, there are limitations. First, semen measures not available sample men. Second, is no information medical comorbidities lifestyle factors such as smoking status, BMI, environmental exposures. Third, all fertility clinic evaluation. These therefore subset overall experiencing problems likely represent those socioeconomic means evaluation physician. WIDER IMPLICATIONS FINDINGS This analysis leveraged unique resources, SHARE UPDB, describe novel among Describing similar provides new avenue homogeneity focused gene discovery factor studies. Such discoveries will lead more accurate predictions improved counseling patients families. FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) work funded GEMS: Genomic approach connecting Elevated germline Mutation rates male infertility Somatic health (Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute Child Human Development (NICHD): R01 HD106112). authors have conflicts interest relevant work. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A.

Language: Английский

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Familial Multiple Myeloma: Insights from Epidemiology and Underlying Germline Genetic Predisposition to the Clinic

Clinical Lymphoma Myeloma & Leukemia, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Age-specific familial risks in cancer as clues to germline genetic and environmental causes: focus on colorectal, endometrial, prostate, kidney, breast and lung cancers

Hereditary Cancer in Clinical Practice, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 23(1)

Published: Feb. 21, 2025

Abstract Background The Swedish Family-Cancer Database (FCD) is the largest source of data on familial cancer in world, including practically complete family structures and individual diagnoses from high-quality registry. We present a novel application FCD by analyzing age-specific risks interpreting them through likely causes, such as germline pathogenic variants and/or environmental exposures. Main body basic assumption for this approach that discrete clustering narrow age-interval not random but may provide causal clues. For analysis we selected reasonably common cancers to meaningfully scrutinize risk adulthood which are diagnosed, included colorectal (CRC) endometrial cancers, prostate kidney breast lung cancers. interpretation based literature. highest relative CRC were found at ages 40–44 years, matching peak impact mismatch repair gene mutations. However showed also small early onset component could be explained. Age-related breast, matched large-scale sequencing; these was due VHL Age distribution unique showing wide extending middle old ages, would consistent with combination direct genetic effects indirect influence inheritance smoking dependence. Conclusions review age-of-onset literature allow an landscapes harmonious relatively higher no peaks can implicate attenuated high-risk genes polygenic influence.

Language: Английский

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High familial risks in some rare cancers may pinpoint to hidden germline genetics: focus on esophageal, stomach, small intestinal, testis, thyroid and bone cancers

Hereditary Cancer in Clinical Practice, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 23(1)

Published: Feb. 27, 2025

Abstract Background Germline genetic susceptibilities of rare cancers the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, testis, (nonmedullary) thyroid gland and bone with high familial risks are not well known. Here, we use risk data from Swedish Family-Cancer Database which contains records in families obtained over a century. We compare for offspring diagnosed any these when their parent had or that cancer. review global literature reported constitutional variants may explain part risk. Main body Familial esophageal stomach about 2.0 apart early-onset cancer few high-risk Genetic studies be hampered by dominant environmental factors cancers. Small intestinal carcinoids have very (28 between siblings) but no genes been identified to this. Low-risk polygenic identified. adenocarcinoma is manifestation Lynch syndrome. Testicular characterized (about 5) explained largely background, although component number syndromes. Several predisposing (familial 7). Conclusions The discussed they present relatively risk, spite lacking high-penetrant variants. It possible component, already recognized testis cancer, stronger than previously expected. Thus models high/moderate- low-risk could fit shape germline landscape Polygenic background clinical implications.

Language: Английский

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Genomic analysis revealing Lynch syndrome in a case of high-grade glioma: illustrative case

Journal of Neurosurgery Case Lessons, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 9(9)

Published: March 3, 2025

Advances in cancer genome analysis technology have made individual profiling (CGP) possible. CGP can indicate the presence of hereditary tumors, which are caused by germline pathogenic variants oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes; if a is suspected, multigene panel testing (MGPT) performed. Genomic medicine thus plays an important role diagnosing tumors. A 41-year-old man presented with headache and depressive symptoms. Close examination revealed mass lesion cystic components right parietal lobe. The was removed via craniotomy pathologically diagnosed as high-grade glioma. area high mutation burden multiple presumed variants. MGPT peripheral blood detected variant MSH6. patient therefore Lynch syndrome. Family history genetic risk assessments, including CGP, for diseases. Next-generation sequencing essential analyses, many mutations identified using tumor-only efficient option. In addition, MSH6 syndrome determining treatment. particular, functional somatic understanding disease associations. https://thejns.org/doi/10.3171/CASE24718.

Language: Английский

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Lung cancer risk between maternal and paternal half-siblings points to main environmental causation and targets for prevention

Lung Cancer, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 108500 - 108500

Published: March 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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