The tumor microenvironment: shaping cancer progression and treatment response

Journal of Chemotherapy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 30

Published: Jan. 5, 2024

The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a crucial role in cancer progression and treatment response. It comprises complex network of stromal cells, immune extracellular matrix, blood vessels, all which interact with cells influence behaviour. This review article provides an in-depth examination the TME, focusing on signaling molecules, ECM, along commonly available therapeutic compounds that target these components. Moreover, we explore TME as novel strategy for discovering new anti-tumor drugs. dynamic adaptive nature offers opportunities targeting specific cellular interactions pathways. We discuss emerging approaches, such combination therapies simultaneously modulate TME. Finally, address challenges future prospects Overcoming drug resistance, improving delivery, identifying targets within are among discussed. also highlight potential personalized medicine integration technologies, immunotherapy nanotechnology, TME-targeted therapies. comprehensive insights into its implications. Understanding TME's complexity components offer promising avenues development improved patient outcomes.

Language: Английский

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A Single-Cell Transcriptome Atlas of Epithelial Subpopulations in HPV-Positive and HPV-Negative Head and Neck Cancers

Viruses, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(4), P. 461 - 461

Published: March 24, 2025

Persistent infection with HPV causes nearly 5% of all cancers worldwide, including cervical and oropharyngeal cancers. Compared to HPV-negative (HPV−) head neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs), HPV-positive (HPV+) HNSCCs exhibit a significantly improved treatment response; however, established regimens were largely developed for HPV− disease. Effectively de-escalating therapy optimizing protocols minimize toxicity both HPV+ tumors has been variably successful, in part due the heterogeneity cellular subpopulations. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) primarily used define immune populations rather than type origin, epithelial cells. To address this, we analyzed published scRNAseq data distinguish tumor as function status. We identified transcriptome signatures, ontologies, candidate biomarkers newly subpopulations attention those that are shared or enriched HNSCCs. hypothesize distinct reprogramming versus HNSCC represent important components pro-tumor environment. These described here foundation identification new epithelial-cell-specific biomarkers, effectors, targets HNSCC.

Language: Английский

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Targeting PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signaling Pathway as a Radiosensitization in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(24), P. 15749 - 15749

Published: Dec. 12, 2022

Globally, there are over half a million new patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) every year. The current therapeutic approaches to HNSCC surgery adjuvant radiotherapy. These carry high incidence of metastasis or recurrence from cells' radioresistance. Recent studies have revealed that combination radiosensitizers can be used improve the radioresistance in HNSCC; however, few agents approved as radiosensitizers. constitutive activation phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target rapamycin (mTOR) pathway is vitally oncogenic type signaling promotes tumorigenesis, metastasis, radiotherapy resistance HNSCC. Pharmacological targeting PI3K/AKT/mTOR considered promising strategy radiosensitization In this review, we summarize significance highlight potential small molecule inhibitors against for treatment. It provides mechanistic framework development drugs via pathway.

Language: Английский

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Immune Escape Strategies in Head and Neck Cancer: Evade, Resist, Inhibit, Recruit

Cancers, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(2), P. 312 - 312

Published: Jan. 11, 2024

Head and neck cancers (HNCs) arise from the mucosal lining of aerodigestive tract are often associated with alcohol use, tobacco and/or human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Over 600,000 new cases HNC diagnosed each year, making it sixth most common cancer worldwide. Historically, treatments have included surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, while these still backbone current therapy, several immunotherapies recently been approved by Food Drug Administration (FDA) for use in HNC. The role immune system tumorigenesis progression has explored since early 20th century, eventually coalescing into three-phase model immunoediting. During three phases—elimination, equilibrium, escape—cancer cells develop utilize multiple strategies to either reach or remain final phase, escape, at which point tumor is able grow metastasize little no detrimental interference system. In this review, we summarize many used escape system, include ways evade detection, resist cell attacks, inhibit functions, recruit pro-tumor cells.

Language: Английский

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The Immune Cells in the Development of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Cancers, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(15), P. 3779 - 3779

Published: July 26, 2023

A still unresolved issue surrounding tumor formation concerns the role that immune system plays in preventing and progression of neoplasia, including oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Antitumor immunity has historically been seen as a critical barrier for cancer cells to develop, grow spread, this can be modulated using immunotherapies achieve antitumor clinical responses. However, it recently become clear tumor-associated immunity, particularly inflammatory microenvironment, paradoxical effect enhancing tumorigenesis progression. In review, we discuss multifaceted function infiltrating suppressing or promoting premalignancy cancer. particular, report on evidence supporting T lymphocytes, dendritic cells, macrophages, neutrophils development potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) OSCC. We also draw attention relevance phenotypes associated molecules use biomarkers translatability current research findings improve classification systems precision medicine patients with

Language: Английский

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The Three-Dimensional In Vitro Cell Culture Models in the Study of Oral Cancer Immune Microenvironment

Cancers, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(17), P. 4266 - 4266

Published: Aug. 25, 2023

The onset and progression of oral cancer are accompanied by a dynamic interaction with the host immune system, cells within tumor microenvironment play pivotal role in development tumor. By exploring cellular immunity cancer, we can gain insight into contribution both to tumorigenesis. This understanding is crucial for developing effective immunotherapeutic strategies combat cancer. Studies immunology present unique challenges terms modeling due extraordinary complexity system. With its multitude components, each distinct subtypes various activation states, system interacts other components tumor, ultimately shaping course disease. Conventional two-dimensional (2D) culture methods fall short capturing these intricate interactions. Mouse models enable us learn about biology complicated physiological systems but have limitations as murine differs significantly from that humans. In light challenges, three-dimensional (3D) offer an alternative approach studying filling existing gaps available models. These 3D provide means investigate complex interactions difficult replicate 2D cultures. direct study between human origin offers more relevant representative platform compared mouse models, enabling advancements our immunology. review explores commonly used highlights their significant contributions expanding knowledge harnessing power systems, unlock new insights pave way improved battle against

Language: Английский

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Advancing Immunotherapies for HPV-Related Cancers: Exploring Novel Vaccine Strategies and the Influence of Tumor Microenvironment

Vaccines, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(8), P. 1354 - 1354

Published: Aug. 11, 2023

The understanding of the relationship between immunological responses and cancers, especially those related to HPV, has allowed for study development therapeutic vaccines against these neoplasias. There is a growing number studies about composition influence tumor microenvironment (TME) in progression or establishment most varied types cancer. Hence, it been possible structure immunotherapy approaches based on that are even more specific directed components TME immune response associated with tumors. Among dendritic cells (DCs), which main professional antigen-presenting (APCs) already studied therapy strategies HPV-related cancers. On other hand, tumor-associated macrophages also potential targets since profile present infiltrates, M1 M2, influences prognosis some These two cell can be immunomodulation. In this context, our review aims provide an overview HPV-positive tumors, such as cervical head neck pointing promising approaches. This explores cancer treatment, including checkpoint inhibitors, cytokine immunotherapies, vaccines, therapies. Furthermore, highlights importance its effect design achievement immunotherapeutic methods.

Language: Английский

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The immunological landscape of CCL26High invasive oral squamous cell carcinoma

Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: Jan. 27, 2025

Background Our previous study demonstrated that CCL26 secreted by cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) promoted the invasive phenotype of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), however, more comprehensive clinical expression patterns and its role in immunotherapy remains ambiguous. Methods levels different cancer normal tissues were analyzed validated 67 OSCC patients through immunohistochemical staining (IHC). The spatial distribution pattern tumor microenvironment was determined, outcomes investigated. We also determined cells with distinct level explored immune checkpoint immunocytes relevance differentially expressed gene (DEG) analysis, GSEA, GO analysis. collected peripheral blood from 28 to assess percentage absolute number lymphocytes flow cytometry. Results upregulated HNSC preferentially high-expressed on CAFs patients, which exhibits a trend toward decreased overall survival. high had characteristic CLDN8/20 reduced keratin KRT36, significantly associated EMT markers (CDH1, CDH2, VIM, SNAI2). In addition, found be immunoglobulin mediated response, B immunity et al. Indeed, molecules (PD-L1, PD-L2, al.) OSCC. However, did not affect T/B/NK patients. Conclusion could regulate Immune balance promote invasiveness OSCC, gave new insight into potential strategy.

Language: Английский

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Exploring Surgical Oncology-Based Comparative and Systematic Analysis of the Diagnostic Potential of Various Novel Biomarkers in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Cureus, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 8, 2025

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a widespread malignancy has high morbidity mortality rates. Identifying reliable biomarkers can help in improvement of diagnosis, prognosis, treatment response. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the diagnostic potential various novel against HNSCC. A comprehensive search was taken place using PubMed, Scopus, Web Science, Google scholar that covered range studies published from 2019 2025. The focused on related HNSCC its correlation with clinical outcomes such as survival rates Studies were selected basis predefined eligibility criteria included observational experimental study designs. Data extraction performed by two independent reviewers. Study quality assessed Newcastle-Ottawa Scale Cochrane Risk Bias Tool for respective evidence evaluated GRADE approach. total 12 this after full screening process. several indicated towards significant correlations between certain prognosis. Elevated levels expression specific associated poor outcomes, while others showed promise prediction recurrence efficacy. highlighted effectiveness improving management. However, further validation these findings establish use.

Language: Английский

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Is there a link between oral breathing and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma incidence and progression?

Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 11, 2025

Language: Английский

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