International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
26(5), P. 1988 - 1988
Published: Feb. 25, 2025
Colorectal
cancer
(CRC)
is
a
major
cause
of
cancer-related
mortality
worldwide,
with
significant
impact
on
public
health.
Current
treatment
options
include
surgery,
chemotherapy,
radiotherapy,
molecular-targeted
therapy,
and
immunotherapy.
Despite
advancements
in
these
therapeutic
modalities,
resistance
remains
challenge,
often
leading
to
failure,
poor
progression-free
survival,
recurrence.
Mechanisms
CRC
are
multifaceted,
involving
genetic
mutations,
epigenetic
alterations,
tumor
heterogeneity,
the
microenvironment.
Understanding
mechanisms
at
molecular
level
crucial
for
identifying
novel
targets
developing
strategies
overcome
resistance.
This
review
provides
an
overview
diverse
driving
drug
sporadic
discusses
currently
under
investigation
counteract
this
Several
promising
being
explored,
including
targeting
transport,
key
signaling
pathways,
DNA
damage
response,
cell
death
modifications,
stem
cells,
The
integration
emerging
approaches
that
target
aims
enhance
efficacy
current
treatments
improve
patient
outcomes.
Chemical Society Reviews,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
52(12), P. 3955 - 3972
Published: Jan. 1, 2023
This
review
highlights
recent
advances
in
the
utilization
of
various
endogenous
and
exogenous
stimuli
to
activate
nanocarrier-based
ferroptosis
cancer
therapy
that
can
be
effective
treating
conventional
drug-resistant
tumors.
Advances in Cancer Biology - Metastasis,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
10, P. 100114 - 100114
Published: Jan. 17, 2024
A
significant
obstacle
to
treating
cancer
is
multidrug
resistance
(MDR),
which
the
capacity
of
cancerous
cells
develop
both
traditional
and
cutting-edge
chemotherapeutic
treatments.
Following
initial
discovery
that
cellular
pumps
reliant
on
ATP
were
root
chemotherapy
resistance,
more
research
has
revealed
involvement
additional
mechanisms,
including
increased
drug
metabolism,
reduced
entry,
compromised
apoptotic
pathways.
Numerous
projects
have
focused
MDR,
innumerable
been
conducted
better
understand
MDR
methods
mitigate
its
consequences.
Multidrug
(MDR)
a
key
challenge
in
cancer.
90%
cancer-related
fatalities
are
brought
by
tumor
metastasis
recurrence,
possible
with
MDR.
Drug
influenced
diverse
internal
extrinsic
variables,
genetic
epigenetic
changes,
efflux
systems,
DNA
repair
apoptosis,
autophagy.
In
this
review
paper,
we
list
potential
hazards
associated
therapy
general,
primarily
developing
theory
for
colorectal
particular.
We
discussed
unique
instance
malignancies
generally
5-fluorouracil,
curcumin,
lipids
as
viable
options
condition.
The
use
nanotechnology
(mainly
nanoparticles)
facilitated
vitro
well
vivo
efficacy
during
preclinical
phases,
summarized
below,
allowing
thorough
investigation
cancers
pancreatic
carcinomas
their
translation
following
clinical
trials.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
26(3), P. 1313 - 1313
Published: Feb. 4, 2025
Colorectal
cancer
(CRC)
is
the
third
most
common
and
associated
with
a
poor
prognosis.
The
mutation
profile
related
involved
pathways
of
CRC
have
been,
in
broad
terms,
analyzed.
main
current
therapeutic
approaches
been
comprehensively
reviewed
here,
future
possible
therapeu-tic
options
technologies
perspectively
presented.
complex
scenario
represented
by
multiple-level
resistance
mechanism
epidermal
growth
factor
receptor
(EGFR)
pathway,
including
mutations
KRAS,
NRAS,
BRAF
V600E,
discussed.
Examples
engineered
from
literature
along
drug
combination
tested
clinical
trials
are
encouraging
results
observed
latter
(the
BEACON
trial),
totally
free
chemotherapy,
prompted
authors
to
imagine
nanotechnology-assisted
approach
for
bypassing
mechanisms,
hopefully
allowing,
principle,
complete
biological
remission.
Cells,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
12(1), P. 138 - 138
Published: Dec. 29, 2022
Colorectal
cancer
(CRC)
is
one
of
the
most
frequent
tumor
entities
worldwide
with
only
limited
therapeutic
options.
CRC
not
a
genetic
disease
several
mutations
in
specific
oncogenes
and/or
suppressor
genes
such
as
APC,
KRAS,
PIC3CA,
BRAF,
SMAD4
or
TP53
but
also
multifactorial
including
environmental
factors.
Cancer
cells
communicate
their
environment
mostly
via
soluble
factors
cytokines,
chemokines
growth
to
generate
favorable
microenvironment
(TME).
The
TME,
heterogeneous
population
differentiated
and
progenitor
cells,
plays
critical
role
regulating
development,
growth,
invasion,
metastasis
therapy
resistance.
In
this
context,
cytokines
from
TME
influence
each
other,
eliciting
an
inflammatory
milieu
that
can
either
enhance
suppress
metastasis.
Additionally,
lines
evidence
exist
composition
microbiota
regulates
processes,
controlled
by
cytokine
secretion,
play
carcinogenesis
progression.
review,
we
discuss
networks
between
microbiome
colorectal
related
treatment
strategies,
goal
cytokine-mediated
strategies
could
overcome
common
resistance
tumors.
Cancer and Metastasis Reviews,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
43(1), P. 55 - 85
Published: July 29, 2023
Abstract
Despite
tremendous
medical
treatment
successes,
colorectal
cancer
(CRC)
remains
a
leading
cause
of
deaths
worldwide.
Chemotherapy
as
monotherapy
can
lead
to
significant
side
effects
and
chemoresistance
that
be
linked
several
resistance-activating
biological
processes,
including
an
increase
in
inflammation,
cellular
plasticity,
multidrug
resistance
(MDR),
inhibition
the
sentinel
gene
p53,
apoptosis.
As
consequence,
tumor
cells
escape
effectiveness
chemotherapeutic
agents.
This
underscores
need
for
cross-target
therapeutic
approaches
are
not
only
pharmacologically
safe
but
also
modulate
multiple
potent
signaling
pathways
sensitize
overcome
standard
drugs.
In
recent
years,
scientists
have
been
searching
natural
compounds
used
chemosensitizers
addition
conventional
medications
synergistic
CRC.
Resveratrol,
polyphenolic
phytoalexin
found
various
fruits
vegetables
such
peanuts,
berries,
red
grapes,
is
one
most
effective
chemopreventive
Abundant
vitro
vivo
studies
shown
resveratrol,
interaction
with
drugs,
chemosensitizer
CRC
agents
thus
prevents
drug
by
modulating
pathways,
transcription
factors,
epithelial-to-mesenchymal
transition-plasticity,
proliferation,
metastasis,
angiogenesis,
cell
cycle,
The
ability
resveratrol
modify
subcellular
may
suppress
plasticity
reversal
critical
parameters
understanding
its
anti-cancer
effects.
this
review,
we
focus
on
chemosensitizing
properties
and,
thus,
potential
importance
additive
ongoing
treatments.
Graphical
abstract
ACS Applied Bio Materials,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
7(4), P. 2205 - 2217
Published: March 15, 2024
Colorectal
cancer
(CRC)
is
a
common
and
deadly
malignancy,
ranking
second
in
terms
of
mortality
third
incidence
on
global
scale.
The
survival
rates
for
CRC
patients
are
unsatisfactory
primarily
because
the
absence
highly
effective
clinical
strategies.
efficacy
existing
treatments,
such
as
chemotherapy
(CT),
constrained
by
issues
drug
resistance
damage
to
healthy
tissues.
Alternative
approaches
photothermal
therapy
(PTT),
while
offering
advantages
over
traditional
therapies,
suffer
instead
from
low
efficiency
killing
tumor
cells
when
used
alone.
In
this
context,
nanostructures
can
efficiently
contribute
selective
targeted
treatment.
Here,
we
combined
CT
PTT
developing
nanoplatform
based
polydopamine
nanoparticles
(PDNPs),
selected
their
biocompatibility,
drug-carrying
capabilities,
ability
produce
heat
upon
exposure
near-infrared
(NIR)
irradiation.
As
drug,
sorafenib
has
been
selected,
multikinase
inhibitor
already
approved
use.
By
encapsulating
(Sor-PDNPs),
were
able
successfully
improve
stability
physiological
media
consequent
uptake
cells,
thereby
increasing
its
therapeutic
effects.
Upon
NIR
stimulus,
Sor-PDNPs
induce
temperature
increment
about
10
°C,
encompassing
both
triggering
localized
massive
release.
tested
colon
showing
minimal
adverse
outcomes;
conversely,
they
demonstrated
excellent
against
with
strong
capability
hinder
cell
proliferation
apoptosis.
Obtained
findings
pave
way
new
synergistic
chemo-photothermal
approaches,
maximizing
outcomes
minimizing
side
effects
cells.
Drug Research,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Jan. 13, 2025
Abstract
WEE1
is
a
key
tyrosine
kinase
involved
in
the
cell
cycle
regulation
with
potent
anticancer
effects
various
cancer
types
including
colorectal
cancer.
Recent
studies
have
focused
on
potential
of
combinational
inhibition
Ataxia
Telangiectasia
and
Rad-3-related
protein
(ATR)
increasing
apoptosis
cells.
Therefore,
this
study
investigates
inhibiting
WEE1,
by
employing
AZD1775,
cellsʼ
susceptibility
to
VE-822-induced
DNA
damage
apoptosis.
SW-480
HT-29
cells
were
treated
AZD1775
VE-822,
alone
combination.
MTT
assay
was
used
assess
proliferation
viability.
The
mRNA
levels
ATR,
checkpoint
1
(CHK1),
ribonucleotide
reductase
(RR)
catalytic
subunit
M1
(RRM1)
RRM2
measured
qRT-PCR.
Cellular
γ-(H2A
histone
family
member
X)
H2AX
Western
blot.
Analyses
conducted
using
ELISA
8-Oxo-2ʼ-deoxyguanosine
(8-oxo-dG)
levels.
Lactate
dehydrogenase
(LDH)
death
assays
low
rate
when
VE-822
AZD1775.
IC50
value
for
1.3
μM
1.6
SW480
HT-29,
respectively.
Also,
140
nM
185
nM.
expression
CHK1,
RRM1,
significantly
downregulated
both
lines
combination
(P<0.05).
markers,
γ-H2AX
8-oxo-dG
upregulated
these
Simultaneous
treatment
AZD177
increased
capacity
lines.
via
potentiated
ATR
inhibitor,
combating
targeting
damage.
