Advances in Cancer Biology - Metastasis,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
8, P. 100107 - 100107
Published: Aug. 3, 2023
Cancer
immune
evasion
is
one
of
the
principal
mechanisms
leading
to
progression
and
metastatization
disease.
Despite
migration
infiltration
at
tumor
site
cells,
multiple
factors
can
influence
composition
hot
or
"immune-sensitive"
tumors
cold
"immune-resistant"
tumors.
Among
responsible
for
make-up
microenvironment
are
expression
levels
major
histocompatibility
molecules
(MHC)
antigen
processing
machinery,
metabolic
network,
hypoxia,
secretion
pro-inflammatory
(e.g.,
cytokines,
chemokines,
growth
factors).
Moreover,
different
triggered
pathways
mediate
reprogramming
activated,
memory,
effector,
regulatory/tolerogenic
subtypes
cells
(T,
NK,
dendritic
macrophages).
Recent
studies
have
focused
on
role
cancer
metabolism
in
evading
surveillance
through
action
active
tryptophan
catabolic
enzyme
indoleamine
2,3-dioxygenase
(IDO).
Immune
suppression
now
being
extensively
studied
with
a
special
focus
developing
immunotherapy
strategies,
such
as
targeting
checkpoints
(programmed
cell
death
protein
1/programmed
ligand
1
(PD-1/PD-L1),
Cytotoxic
T-lymphocyte
antigen-4
(CTLA-4)),
adoptive
therapy
vaccines.
In
this
review,
an
overview
underlying
efficacy
therapeutic
targets
agents
overcome
escape
described.
Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
8(1)
Published: Jan. 6, 2023
Abstract
Recent
advances
in
neoantigen
research
have
accelerated
the
development
and
regulatory
approval
of
tumor
immunotherapies,
including
cancer
vaccines,
adoptive
cell
therapy
antibody-based
therapies,
especially
for
solid
tumors.
Neoantigens
are
newly
formed
antigens
generated
by
cells
as
a
result
various
tumor-specific
alterations,
such
genomic
mutation,
dysregulated
RNA
splicing,
disordered
post-translational
modification,
integrated
viral
open
reading
frames.
recognized
non-self
trigger
an
immune
response
that
is
not
subject
to
central
peripheral
tolerance.
The
quick
identification
prediction
neoantigens
been
made
possible
advanced
next-generation
sequencing
bioinformatic
technologies.
Compared
tumor-associated
antigens,
highly
immunogenic
provide
emerging
targets
personalized
serve
prospective
predictors
survival
prognosis
checkpoint
blockade
responses.
therapies
will
be
aided
understanding
mechanism
underlying
neoantigen-induced
anti-tumor
streamlining
process
neoantigen-based
immunotherapies.
This
review
provides
overview
on
characterization
outlines
clinical
applications
immunotherapeutic
strategies
based
neoantigens.
We
also
explore
their
current
status,
inherent
challenges,
translation
potential.
Cell Communication and Signaling,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
22(1)
Published: Jan. 19, 2024
Abstract
Colorectal
cancer
is
one
of
the
most
common
causes
mortality
worldwide.
There
are
several
potential
risk
factors
responsible
for
initiation
and
progression
colorectal
cancer,
including
age,
family
history,
a
history
inflammatory
bowel
disease,
lifestyle
such
as
physical
activity
diet.
For
decades,
there
has
been
vast
amount
study
on
treatment
approaches
which
led
to
conventional
therapies
chemotherapy,
surgery,
etc.
Considering
high
prevalence
incidence
rate,
scholars
believe
an
urgent
need
alternative,
more
efficacious
with
fewer
adverse
effects
than
abovementioned
treatments.
Immunotherapy
emerged
alternative
in
few
years
become
fastest-evolving
therapeutic
methods.
works
by
activating
or
enhancing
immune
system’s
power
identify
attack
cancerous
cells.
This
review
summarizes
crucial
new
immunotherapy
methods
under
investigation
treatment,
Immune
checkpoint
inhibitors,
CAR-T
cell
therapy,
BiTEs,
Tumor-infiltrating
lymphocytes,
Oncolytic
virus
therapy.
Furthermore,
this
discusses
application
combination
precision
medicine,
biomarker
discovery,
overcoming
resistance,
immune-related
effects.
MedComm,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
4(5)
Published: Sept. 14, 2023
Abstract
Human
papillomavirus
(HPV)
is
the
most
prevalent
sexually
transmitted
virus
globally.
Persistent
high‐risk
HPV
infection
can
result
in
cervical
precancerous
lesions
and
cancer,
with
70%
of
cancer
cases
associated
types
HPV16
18.
imposes
a
significant
financial
psychological
burden.
Therefore,
studying
methods
to
eradicate
halt
progression
remains
crucial.
This
review
comprehensively
explores
mechanisms
underlying
HPV‐related
lesions,
including
viral
life
cycle,
immune
factors,
epithelial
cell
malignant
transformation,
host
environmental
contributing
factors.
Additionally,
we
provide
comprehensive
overview
treatment
for
cancer.
Our
focus
on
immunotherapy,
encompassing
therapeutic
vaccines,
checkpoint
inhibitors,
advanced
adoptive
T
therapy.
Furthermore,
summarize
commonly
employed
drugs
other
nonsurgical
treatments
currently
utilized
clinical
practice
managing
lesions.
Gene
editing
technology
undergoing
research
and,
although
not
yet
officially
numerous
preclinical
studies
have
substantiated
its
efficacy.
it
holds
promise
as
precise
strategy
Cancers,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
15(9), P. 2536 - 2536
Published: April 28, 2023
The
tumor
microenvironment
(TME)
plays
a
key
role
in
cancer
development
and
progression,
as
well
contributes
to
the
therapeutic
resistance
metastasis
of
cells.
TME
is
heterogeneous
consists
multiple
cell
types,
including
cancer-associated
fibroblasts
(CAFs),
endothelial
cells,
immune
various
extracellular
components.
Recent
studies
have
revealed
cross
talk
between
cells
CAFs
other
Signaling
by
transforming
growth
factor-β,
derived
from
CAFs,
has
recently
been
shown
induce
remodeling
tissue,
promotion
angiogenesis
recruitment.
Immunocompetent
mouse
models
that
recapitulate
interactions
with
provided
insight
into
network
support
new
anticancer
strategies.
based
on
such
antitumor
action
molecularly
targeted
agents
mediated
part
effects
environment.
In
this
review,
we
focus
cell–TME
provide
an
overview
basis
for
strategies
target
TME,
immunotherapy.
Cells,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
13(5), P. 451 - 451
Published: March 5, 2024
Natural
killer
(NK)
cells
have
gained
attention
as
a
promising
adoptive
cell
therapy
platform
for
their
potential
to
improve
cancer
treatments.
NK
offer
distinct
advantages
over
T-cells,
including
major
histocompatibility
complex
class
I
(MHC-I)-independent
tumor
recognition
and
low
risk
of
toxicity,
even
in
an
allogeneic
setting.
Despite
this
tremendous
potential,
challenges
persist,
such
limited
vivo
persistence,
reduced
infiltration,
absolute
numbers.
This
review
outlines
several
strategies
aiming
overcome
these
challenges.
The
developed
include
optimizing
expansion
methods
improving
antitumor
responses
by
cytokine
stimulation
genetic
manipulations.
Using
K562
expressing
membrane
IL-15
or
IL-21
with
without
additional
activating
ligands
like
4-1BBL
allows
“massive”
makes
multiple
dosing
“off-the-shelf”
efforts
feasible.
Further
improvements
function
can
be
reached
inducing
memory-like
cells,
developing
chimeric
antigen
receptor
(CAR)-NK
isolating
NK-cell-based
tumor-infiltrating
lymphocytes
(TILs).
Memory-like
demonstrate
higher
persistence
cytotoxicity,
early
clinical
trials
demonstrating
safety
efficacy.
Recent
using
CAR-NK
also
demonstrated
lack
any
release
syndrome,
and,
yet,
activity.
data
support
that
the
presence
TIL-NK
is
associated
improved
overall
patient
survival
different
types
solid
tumors
head
neck,
colorectal,
breast,
gastric
carcinomas,
among
most
significant.
In
conclusion,
presents
insights
into
diverse
available
expansion,
roles
played
various
cytokines,
feeder
culture
material
influencing
activation
phenotype,
telomere
length,
cytotoxic
expanded
cells.
Notably,
genetically
modified
significant
efficacy
promoting
expansion.
Furthermore,
culturing
IL-2
has
been
shown
rates,
while
IL-12
linked
enhanced
function.
Overall,
provides
overview
methodologies,
highlighting
current
landscape
key
advancements
enhance
therapy.
