The increasing prevalence of autoimmunity and autoimmune diseases: an urgent call to action for improved understanding, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention

Current Opinion in Immunology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 80, P. 102266 - 102266

Published: Nov. 26, 2022

Language: Английский

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Circulating anti-nuclear autoantibodies in COVID-19 survivors predict long-COVID symptoms

European Respiratory Journal, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 2200970 - 2200970

Published: Sept. 22, 2022

Background Autoimmunity has been reported in patients with severe COVID-19. We investigated whether antinuclear/extractable-nuclear antibodies (ANAs) were present up to a year after infection, and if they associated the development of clinically relevant Post-Acute Sequalae COVID-19 (PASC) symptoms. Methods A rapid assessment line immunoassay was used measure circulating levels ANA/ENAs 106 convalescent varying acute phase severities at 3, 6, 12 months post-recovery. Patient-reported fatigue, cough, dyspnea recorded each timepoint. Multivariable logistic regression model receiver-operating curves (ROC) test association autoantibodies patient-reported outcomes pro-inflammatory cytokines. Results Compared age- sex-matched healthy controls (n=22) those who had other respiratory infections (n=34), higher detectable ANAs 3 post-recovery (p<0.001). The mean number ANA autoreactivities per individual decreased from (3.99 1.55) persistent positive titers dyspnea, cough severity. Antibodies U1-snRNP anti-SS-B/La both positively symptoms fatigue (p<0.028, AUC=0.86) (p<0.003, AUC=0.81). Pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) C-reactive protein predicted elevated months. TNFα, D-dimer, IL-1β strongest Regression analysis showed TNFα (β=4.65, p=0.004) general symptomaticity (β=2.40, p=0.03) Interpretation Persistently post-COVID are persisting inflammation subset survivors. This finding indicates need for further investigation into role autoimmunity PASC.

Language: Английский

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Risk of autoimmune diseases following COVID-19 and the potential protective effect from vaccination: a population-based cohort study

EClinicalMedicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 63, P. 102154 - 102154

Published: Aug. 16, 2023

Case reports suggest that SARS-CoV-2 infection could lead to immune dysregulation and trigger autoimmunity while COVID-19 vaccination is effective against severe outcomes. We aim examine the association between development of autoimmune diseases (ADs), potential protective effect on such an association.A retrospective cohort study was conducted in Hong Kong 1 April 2020 15 November 2022. confirmed by positive polymerase chain reaction or rapid antigen test. Cox proportional hazard regression with inverse probability treatment weighting applied estimate risk incident ADs following COVID-19. vaccinated population compared unvaccinated new ADs.The included 1,028,721 3,168,467 non-COVID individuals. Compared controls, patients presented increased developing pernicious anaemia [adjusted Hazard Ratio (aHR): 1.72; 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.12-2.64]; spondyloarthritis [aHR: 1.32 (95% CI: 1.03-1.69)]; rheumatoid arthritis 1.29 1.09-1.54)]; other 1.43 1.33-1.54)]; psoriasis 1.42 1.13-1.78)]; pemphigoid 2.39 1.83-3.11)]; Graves' disease 1.30 1.10-1.54)]; anti-phospholipid antibody syndrome 2.12 1.47-3.05)]; mediated thrombocytopenia 2.1 1.82-2.43)]; multiple sclerosis 2.66 1.17-6.05)]; vasculitis 1.46 1.04-2.04)]. Among patients, completion two doses vaccine shows a decreased pemphigoid, disease, syndrome, immune-mediated thrombocytopenia, systemic lupus erythematosus arthritis.Our findings suggested associated various be attenuated vaccination. Future studies investigating pathology mechanisms would valuable interpreting our findings.Supported RGC Collaborative Research Fund (C7154-20GF).

Language: Английский

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High risk of autoimmune diseases after COVID-19

Nature Reviews Rheumatology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 19(7), P. 399 - 400

Published: April 12, 2023

Language: Английский

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Persistent SARS-CoV-2 Infection, EBV, HHV-6 and Other Factors May Contribute to Inflammation and Autoimmunity in Long COVID

Viruses, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(2), P. 400 - 400

Published: Jan. 31, 2023

A novel syndrome called long-haul COVID or long is increasingly recognized in a significant percentage of individuals within few months after infection with SARS-CoV-2. This disorder characterized by wide range persisting, returning even new but related symptoms that involve different tissues and organs, including respiratory, cardiac, vascular, gastrointestinal, musculo-skeletal, neurological, endocrine systemic. Some overlapping symptomatologies exist between myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue (ME/CFS). Very much like ME/CFS, infections herpes family viruses, immune dysregulation, the persistence inflammation have been reported as most common pattern for development COVID. review describes several factors determinants proposed, elaborating mainly on viral persistence, reactivation latent viruses such Epstein–Barr virus human herpesvirus 6 which are also associated pathology superantigen activation system, disturbance gut microbiome, multiple tissue damage autoimmunity. Based these factors, we propose diagnostic strategies measurement IgG IgM antibodies against SARS-CoV-2, EBV, HHV-6, superantigens, microbiota, biomarkers autoimmunity to better understand manage this multi-factorial continues affect millions people world.

Language: Английский

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Autoimmune and Autoinflammatory Connective Tissue Disorders Following COVID-19

JAMA Network Open, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 6(10), P. e2336120 - e2336120

Published: Oct. 6, 2023

Importance Multiple cases of autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases after COVID-19 have been reported. However, their incidences risks rarely quantified. Objective To investigate the connective tissue disorders COVID-19. Design, Setting, Participants This was a retrospective population-based study conducted between October 8, 2020, December 31, 2021, that used nationwide data from Korea Disease Control Prevention Agency National Health Insurance Service cohort included individuals who received diagnosis via polymerase chain reaction testing control group with no evidence identified cohort. Data analysis September 2022 to August 2023. Exposures Receipt Main Outcomes Measures The primary outcomes were incidence risk following A total 32 covariates, including demographics, socioeconomic statuses, lifestyle factors, comorbidity profiles, balanced through inverse probability weighting. compared groups using multivariable Cox proportional hazard analyses. Results 354 527 (mean [SD] age, 52.24 [15.55] years; 179 041 women [50.50%]) 6 134 940 controls 52.05 [15.63] 3 074 573 [50.12%]) included. alopecia areata (adjusted ratio [aHR], 1.12; 95% CI, 1.05-1.19), totalis (aHR, 1.74; 1.39-2.17), antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody–associated vasculitis 2.76; 1.64-4.65), Crohn disease 1.68; 1.31-2.15), sarcoidosis 1.59; 1.00-2.52) higher in group. totalis, psoriasis, vitiligo, vasculitis, disease, ulcerative colitis, rheumatoid arthritis, adult-onset Still Sjögren syndrome, ankylosing spondylitis, associated severity Conclusions Relevance In this study, substantial for disorders, indicating long-term management patients should include evaluation such disorders.

Language: Английский

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Immune mechanisms underlying COVID-19 pathology and post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC)

eLife, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: May 26, 2023

With a global tally of more than 500 million cases severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections to date, there are growing concerns about the post-acute sequelae SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC), also known as long COVID. Recent studies suggest that exaggerated immune responses key determinants severity and outcomes initial well subsequent PASC. The complexity innate adaptive in period requires in-depth mechanistic analyses identify specific molecular signals cell populations which promote PASC pathogenesis. In this review, we examine current literature on mechanisms dysregulation COVID-19 limited emerging data immunopathology While phases may share some parallel immunopathology, it is likely quite distinct heterogeneous, thus requiring large-scale longitudinal patients with without after an infection. By outlining knowledge gaps PASC, hope provide avenues for novel research directions will ultimately lead precision therapies restore healthy function patients.

Language: Английский

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Covid-19 a triggering factor of autoimmune and multi-inflammatory diseases

Life Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 319, P. 121531 - 121531

Published: Feb. 27, 2023

SARS-CoV-2 virus has attracted a lot of attention globally due to the autoimmune and inflammatory processes that were observed during development Covid-19 disease. Excessive activation immune response triggering autoantibodies synthesis as well an excessive cytokines onset cytokine storm vital role in disease outcome occurring complications. This scenario is reminiscent infiltration lymphocytes monocytes specific organs increased production chemoattractants noted other diseases. The main goal this study investigate complex occur find similarities with diseases such multiple sclerosis (MS), acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), rheumatoid arthritis (RA) Kawasaki advance existing diagnostic therapeutic protocols. therapy Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) use S1P receptor modulators showed promising results. However, there are many unknowns about these mechanisms possible novel therapies. Therefore, inflammation autoimmunity triggered by should be further investigated improve procedures protocols for Covid-19.

Language: Английский

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New-onset autoimmune disease after COVID-19

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Feb. 8, 2024

Introduction Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) may trigger autoimmune disease (AD) through initial innate immune activation with subsequent aberrations in adaptive cells leading to AD. While there are multiple reports of incident AD diagnosed after COVID-19, the risk context key circulating strains is unknown. Methods TriNetX, a global, federated, health research network providing access electronic medical records across 74 healthcare organizations, was utilized define an adult cohort between January 1, 2020, and March 3, 2023. Exposure defined as COVID-19 diagnosis (ICD-10 code or positive laboratory test). Age- sex-propensity score-matched controls never had diagnosed. Outcomes were assessed 1 month year index date. Patients prior within date excluded from primary analysis. Incidence ratios each assessed. Results A total 3,908,592 patients included. Of 24 assessed, adjusted for eight who higher compared those no COVID-19. Cutaneous vasculitis (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR): 1.82; 95% CI 1.55–2.13), polyarteritis nodosa (aHR: 1.76; 1.15–2.70), hypersensitivity angiitis 1.64; 1.12–2.38) highest ratios. Overall, psoriasis (0.15%), rheumatoid arthritis (0.14%), type diabetes (0.13%) incidence during study period, these, more likely The any lower if when Omicron variants predominant strains. antinuclear antibody predictive Discussion SARS-CoV-2 be potential some AD, but decrease time given apparent infection variants.

Language: Английский

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Molecular mimicry and autoimmunity in the time of COVID-19

Journal of Autoimmunity, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 139, P. 103070 - 103070

Published: June 12, 2023

Language: Английский

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