Energy metabolism in mammalian sperm motility

WIREs Mechanisms of Disease, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(5)

Published: June 9, 2022

Abstract Mammalian sperm, the only cells that achieve their purpose outside organism of origin, have to swim vigorously within female reproductive tract reach an oocyte. Flagellar dyneins drive sperm motility, which accounts for consumption high amounts ATP. The two main ATP‐producing metabolic pathways are compartmentalized in sperm: oxidative phosphorylation midpiece and glycolysis principal piece. relative preponderance these has been discussed decades (the so‐called energy debate ). muddled by species‐specific variances technical constraints. But recent findings suggest from most mammalian species employ a versatile strategy maintain motility according physiological environment. Different likely coordinate using exogenous and/or endogenous substrates order produce ATP efficiently. Defects any (glycolysis, mitochondrial phosphorylation, Krebs cycle, fatty acids oxidation, ketone bodies among others) may disturb be at origin male infertility. Understanding bioenergetics is thus crucial building new diagnostic tools, development treatments patients presenting with low motility. Some benefit personalized supplementations dietary interventions. This article categorized under: Reproductive System Diseases > Molecular Cellular Physiology

Language: Английский

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Capacitation promotes a shift in energy metabolism in murine sperm

Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: Aug. 23, 2022

In mammals, sperm acquire fertilization ability after a series of physiological and biochemical changes, collectively known as capacitation, that occur inside the female reproductive tract. addition to other requirements, bioenergetic metabolism has been identified fundamental component in acquisition capacitation. Mammalian produce ATP through two main metabolic processes, oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) aerobic glycolysis are localized different flagellar compartments, midpiece, principal piece, respectively. mouse sperm, occurrence many events associated with capacitation relies on activity these energy-producing pathways, leading hypothesis some may impose changes energetic demands. present study, we used extracellular flux analysis evaluate glycolytic respiratory parameters murine consequence Furthermore, examined whether variations affect sustainability. Our results show promotes shift usage ratio from glycolytic. However, this rewiring does not seem rate at which consume ATP. We conclude probable function switch is increase supply distal regions, thus sustaining demands arise

Language: Английский

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Sperm Metabolism

Molecular Reproduction and Development, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 91(10)

Published: Oct. 1, 2024

ABSTRACT Bioenergetics plays a crucial role in sperm functions, including motility, capacitation‐related protein modifications, oocyte recognition and interaction, all of which are essential for fertilization. Sperm metabolism is recognized as flexible, responding to environmental cues energetic demands during ejaculation, the journey along female tract, until Recent studies suggest that metabolic functions relevant beyond fertilization may influence zygote embryo development, impacting paternal‐derived effects on offspring development health. In recent years, homeostasis have gained increasing interest male reproduction research. Given implications fertility‐related processes, this field not only human fertility but also livestock research, semen conservation, assisted reproductive techniques. Newly developed assessment tools allowing better understanding under different conditions identifying species‐specific peculiarities. This review aims discuss current knowledge mammalian metabolism, focusing features, changes journey, potential contributions translational research biotechnologies. Furthermore, we propose future perspectives bioenergetics

Language: Английский

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MAPKs signaling is obligatory for male reproductive function in a development-specific manner

Frontiers in Reproductive Health, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 6

Published: Feb. 9, 2024

Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) represent widely expressed and evolutionarily conserved proteins crucial for governing signaling pathways playing essential roles in mammalian male reproductive processes. These facilitate the transmission of signals through phosphorylation cascades, regulating diverse intracellular functions encompassing germ cell development testis, physiological maturation spermatozoa within epididymis, motility regulation at ejaculation female tract. The conservation these mechanisms appears prevalent across species, including humans, mice, and, to a limited extent, livestock species such as bovines. In Sertoli cells (SCs), MAPK not only regulates proliferation immature SCs but also determines appropriate number testes puberty, thereby maintaining fertility by ensuring capacity sperm production. cells, MAPKs play role dynamically testicular cell-cell junctions, supporting differentiation. Throughout spermatogenesis, ensures Sertoli-to-germ ratio apoptosis, controlling metabolism developing facilitating cauda epididymis. During tract, regulate two pivotal events—capacitation acrosome reaction potential cells. Any disruptions pathway possibly may disturb microenvironment homeostasis, physiology body before tract during fertilization, ultimately compromising fertility. Despite decades research, function health remains inadequately understood. current review attempts combine recent findings elucidate impact on proposes future directions enhance our understanding functions.

Language: Английский

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Bioenergetics of Rodent Spermatozoa

Methods in molecular biology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 267 - 288

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Redox regulation by TXNRD3 during epididymal maturation underlies capacitation-associated mitochondrial activity and sperm motility in mice

Journal of Biological Chemistry, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 298(7), P. 102077 - 102077

Published: May 25, 2022

During epididymal transit, redox remodeling protects mammalian spermatozoa, preparing them for survival in the subsequent journey to fertilization. However, molecular mechanisms of regulation sperm development and maturation remain largely elusive. In this study, we report that thioredoxin-glutathione reductase (TXNRD3), a thioredoxin family member particularly abundant elongating spermatids at site mitochondrial sheath formation, regulates homeostasis support male fertility. Using Txnrd3

Language: Английский

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Determination of double- and single-stranded DNA breaks in bovine sperm is predictive of their fertilizing capacity

Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology/Journal of animal science and biotechnology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: Sept. 17, 2022

The analysis of chromatin integrity has become an important determinant sperm quality. In frozen-thawed bovine sperm, neither the sequence post-thaw injury events nor dynamics different types DNA breaks are well understood. aim present work was to describe such degradation aftermath focusing on damage dynamics, and assess if this parameter can predict pregnancy rates in cattle.A total 75 cryopreserved ejaculates from 25 Holstein bulls were evaluated at two post-thawing periods (0-2 h 2-4 h), analyzing global double-stranded through alkaline neutral Comet assays, deprotamination decondensation, motility, viability, acrosomal status, intracellular levels ROS, superoxides calcium. Insemination 59,605 females conducted using same bulls, thus obtaining non-return estrus after 90 d (NRR). Results showed increased rate first period h: 1.29 ± 1.01%/h vs. 0.13 1.37%/h; P < 0.01), whereas with moderate + high single-stranded higher second 3.52 7.77 %/h 2-4h: 21.06 11.69 %/h; 0.0001). Regarding physiology, viability decrease between - 4.49 1.79%/h 2.50 3.39%/h; = 0.032), but progressive motility constant throughout incubation 4.70 3.42%/h 1.89 2.97%/h; > 0.05). Finally, no correlations bull fertility any dynamic found, there NRR basal percentage highly-damaged assessed (Rs 0.563, 0.003), 0.511, 0.009), ROS 4 0.564, 0.003).The statistically significant found suggested a all driven by oxidative stress, where would be affected altered later stage, suggesting that should used for fertilization within 2 post-thaw. Fertility supported assessment assay may help fertility.

Language: Английский

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Viscous Loading Regulates the Flagellar Energetics of Human and Bull Sperm

Small Methods, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 8(7)

Published: Dec. 22, 2023

Abstract The viscoelastic properties of the female reproductive tract influence sperm swimming behavior, but exact role these rheological changes in regulating energetics remains unknown. Using high‐speed dark‐field microscopy, flagellar dynamics free‐swimming across a physiologically relevant range viscosities is resolved. A transition from 3D to 2D slither under an increased viscous loading revealed, absence any geometrical or chemical stimuli. This species‐specific, aligning with viscosity variations within each species’ tract. Despite substantial drag increase, slithering maintain steady speed wide (20–250 and 75–1000 mPa s for bull human sperm) by dissipating over sixfold more energy into fluid without elevating metabolic activity, potentially altering mechanisms dynein motor activity. energy‐efficient motility mode ideally suited environment

Language: Английский

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Oral administration of antimicrobial peptide MPX ameliorates orchitis and inflammatory damage in other organs

Animals and zoonoses., Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: July 1, 2024

Bacterial orchitis has a very high percentage of reproductive diseases in males. Therefore, specific medicines are urgently needed to prevent and treat orchitis. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) widely recognized as one the most promising substitutes for antibiotics. However, it is unknown whether AMPs play key role regulating inflammation male system. In current study, mice were orally administered MPX (a member Mastoparan family AMPs, 0.5 mg/kg) 20 40 days evaluate effect on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced testicular inflammation. We found that could effectively improve physiological function testes; upregulate expression androgen receptor (AR), inhibin subunit beta B (IBP) SRY-related HMG box protein (SOX9); promote sperm quantity quality. Pathological analysis revealed significantly prevented LPS-induced inflammatory injury mouse testes by decreasing cytokines, such interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, IL-18, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2). These results suggest regulates response inhibiting TLR4/NF-kappaB p65 signaling pathway. Moreover, long-term feeding Bcl-2 downregulate Bax Caspase-3, thereby apoptosis cells. addition, treatment with regulate pneumonia enteritis. summary, this research provides detailed evaluation impact system, laying groundwork development medicines.

Language: Английский

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Lead and calcium crosstalk tempted acrosome damage and hyperpolarization of spermatozoa: signaling and ultra-structural evidences

Biological Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 57(1)

Published: July 5, 2024

Abstract Background Exposure of humans and animals to heavy metals is increasing day-by-day; thus, lead even today remains significant public health concern. According CDC, blood reference value (BLRV) ranges from 3.5 µg/dl 5 μg/dl in adults. Recently, almost 2.6% decline male fertility per year has been reported but the cause not well established. Lead (Pb 2+ ) affects size testis, semen quality, secretory functions prostate. But molecular mechanism(s) toxicity sperm cells clear. Thus, present study was undertaken evaluate adverse effects acetate at environmentally relevant exposure levels (0.5, 5, 10 20 ppm) on functional dynamics spermatozoa bucks following vitro for 15 min 3 h. Results significantly decreased motility, viable count, motion kinematic patterns like curvilinear velocity, straight-line average path beat cross frequency maximum amplitude head lateral displacement ppm concentration. Pb modulated intracellular cAMP Ca through L-type calcium channels induced spontaneous or premature acrosome reaction (AR) by tyrosine phosphorylation proteins downregulated mitochondrial transmembrane potential. increased DNA damage apoptosis as well. Electron microscopy studies revealed -induced deleterious plasma membrane including collapsed cristae mitochondria. Conclusions only mimics also cellular targets involved generation cAMP, potential, ionic exchange. seems interact with because charge similarity probably enters cell these results hyperpolarization. Our findings indicate lead-induced TP release which turn may be responsible exocytosis essential feature capacitation fertilization. reduce fertilizing capacity 0.5 concentrations. Graphical

Language: Английский

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