The Role of Antioxidants in the Therapy of Cardiovascular Diseases—A Literature Review

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(16), P. 2587 - 2587

Published: Aug. 6, 2024

Antioxidants are endogenous and exogenous substances with the ability to inhibit oxidation processes by interacting reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS, in turn, small, highly capable of oxidizing a wide range molecules human body, including nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, even small inorganic compounds. The overproduction ROS leads oxidative stress, which constitutes significant factor contributing development disease, not only markedly diminishing quality life but also representing most common cause death developed countries, namely, cardiovascular disease (CVD). aim this review is demonstrate effect selected antioxidants, such as coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), flavonoids, carotenoids, resveratrol, well introduce new antioxidant therapies utilizing miRNA nanoparticles, reducing incidence progression CVD. In addition, context aforementioned diseases will be considered. This emphasizes pleiotropic effects benefits stemming from presence mentioned organism, leading an overall reduction risk, coronary heart dyslipidaemia, hypertension, atherosclerosis, myocardial hypertrophy.

Language: Английский

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ROS-Induced Endothelial Dysfunction in the Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis

Aging and Disease, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Various signaling pathways are regulated by reactive oxygen species (ROS), which radical intermediates under normal physiological conditions. However, when the buffering capacity of antioxidant enzymes is exceeded accumulation ROS, oxidative stress, and endothelial cell dysfunction occur, have been recognized as key contributors to development atherosclerosis. In this review, an overview provided on mechanisms underlying ROS generation in cells involved regulatory pathways. Further, we discuss induced its relationship with Current knowledge ROS-induced impairment presented, characterized decreased NO bioavailability, intracellular ox-LDL accumulation. Furthermore, biomarkers such products lipid, protein, nucleotide discussed measurements for levels. Novel interventions targeting stress listed potential pharmacotherapies clinical practice. conclusion, review presents a systematic analysis elucidates how manipulation these can safeguard function.

Language: Английский

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Relationship of Thyroid Volume and Function with Carotid and Femoral Intima-Media Thickness in Euthyroid People Aged 18–65 Taking into Account the Impact of Diabetes, Hypertension, and Excess Body Mass

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(2), P. 604 - 604

Published: Jan. 18, 2025

Background/Objectives: The interrelationship of thyroid volume and function with features cardiovascular dysfunction has already been investigated but some aspects remain unclear, especially in terms subclinical euthyroid patients. Intima-media thickness (IMT) measurement ultrasound B-mode imaging different vascular beds (most frequently within the common carotid artery) is one most important tools for detection atherosclerosis both clinical practice research. This article aimed to present results our research on association between evaluation parameters IMT measured femoral arteries patients aged 18 65 years taking into account influence diabetes, hypertension, excess body mass. Methods: We performed a retrospective cross-sectional analysis data from no disease who during planned hospitalization underwent ultrasound, determination biochemical function, Doppler carotid, vertebral, lower extremities measurement. Data 45 people (females: 57.8%) were analyzed. Results: No significant correlations found parameters. Thyroid was be significantly correlated all superficial artery (R = 0.407, p 0.007 mean calculated left side right side) minimal taken 0.342, 0.025). Selected shown higher arterial obesity, or metabolic syndrome comparison without mentioned comorbidities. Using multiple linear regression, it confirmed that related status do not affect value. A effect diabetes and, lesser extent, hypertension value confirmed, arteries. Conclusions: In population patients, correlates IMT.

Language: Английский

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Assessment of Inflammatory and Oxidative Stress Biomarkers for Predicting of Patients with Asymptomatic Carotid Artery Stenosis

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(3), P. 755 - 755

Published: Jan. 24, 2025

Background/Objectives: Asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis is usually detected by physicians in patients, coincidentally, during an ultrasound examination of the neck. Therefore, measurable biomarkers blood are needed to define presence and severity atherosclerotic plaque patients identify manage it. We hypothesized that indicate pathways related pathogenesis atherosclerosis could be used plaque. For this purpose, levels participants’ inflammatory oxidative stress were determined. Kynurenine/tryptophan neopterin measured as relatively new inflammation study. Methods: Our study included 57 diagnosed with asymptomatic 28 healthy volunteers. Blood kynurenine tryptophan LCMS/MS. catalase, total superoxide dismutase (t-SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), malondialdehyde, using ELISA assay method. Result: The kynurenine/tryptophan ratio reflecting IDO activity was higher than Decreased increased observed who underwent endarterectomy. In t-SOD, malondialdehyde higher, while GPx lower. These differences found more significant Conclusions: Increased associated status patients. Oxidative can considered effective diagnostic indicators for stenosis.

Language: Английский

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Sodium-Glucose-Cotransporter-2 Inhibitor Therapy and Intermitted Fasting in Cardiorenal Syndrome: The Role of Glucose-Mediated Oxidative Stress

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(3), P. 746 - 746

Published: Jan. 24, 2025

Cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) is a complex clinical disorder characterized by the interplay between heart and kidney dysfunction. This condition exacerbated comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus, which contribute to glucose-mediated oxidative stress, further complicating management of CRS. The CRS has evolved with discovery sodium-glucose-cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, have been established effective agents in reducing hyperglycemia demonstrated cardiorenal protective effects. Concurrently, intermittent fasting gained attention an intervention without pharmacological treatment for its metabolic benefits, including improved glucose metabolism insulin regulation sensitivity, both potential reduction stress. review provides summary current findings on roles SGLT2 inhibitors managing CRS, particular focus We evaluate mechanisms these interventions exert their effects, identify gaps research, offer recommendations future studies. While demonstrate more research needed elucidate long-term efficacy, safety, synergistic

Language: Английский

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In Vivo Metabolic Effects of Naringin in Reducing Oxidative Stress and Protecting the Vascular Endothelium in Dyslipidemic Mice

The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 109866 - 109866

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Linking Cardiovascular Disease and Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD): The Role of Cardiometabolic Drugs in MASLD Treatment

Biomolecules, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(3), P. 324 - 324

Published: Feb. 23, 2025

The link between cardiovascular disease (CVD) and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver (MASLD) is well-established at both the epidemiological pathophysiological levels. Among common mechanisms involved in development progression of diseases, oxidative stress inflammation, insulin resistance, lipid metabolism deterioration, hepatokines, gut dysbiosis along with genetic factors have been recognized to play a pivotal role. Pharmacologic interventions drugs targeting modifiable cardiometabolic risk factors, such as T2DM, dyslipidemia, hypertension, are reasonable strategy prevent CVD MASLD. Recently, novel drug for steatohepatitis (MASH), resmetirom, has shown positive effects regarding risk, opening new opportunities therapeutic approach MASLD CVD. This review provides current knowledge on epidemiologic association morbidity mortality enlightens possible underlying pathophysiologic linking role anti-hypertensive drugs, hypolipidemic agents, glucose-lowering medications, acetylsalicylic acid, thyroid hormone receptor-beta agonist also discussed. Metformin failed prove beneficial progression. Studies administration thiazolinediones suggest effectiveness improving steatosis, steatohepatitis, fibrosis, while newer categories agents GLP-1Ra SGLT-2i currently being tested their efficacy across whole spectrum Statins alone or combination ezetimibe yielded promising results. conduction long-duration, large, high-quality, randomized-controlled trials aiming assess by biopsy reverse great importance.

Language: Английский

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Lactoferrin influences atherosclerotic progression by modulating macrophagic AMPK/mTOR signaling-dependent autophagy

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: March 27, 2025

This study aimed to explore the role of lactoferrin (LTF) in atherosclerosis (AS) and its possible mechanisms. Human left coronary artery tissues were collected divided into control (CON), heart disease (CHD) sudden death (SCD) groups. Pathologic changes (including plaque area, necrotic core, collagen fibers, foam cell content) observed. The LTF, P62, 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) expression levels assessed. ApoE–/– AS mouse model was established. pathological related protein analyzed after autophagy inhibition. constructed using an ox-LDL-induced human monocyte line, THP-1. BECN1, LC3-II/I, AMP-activated kinase (AMPK)/the mammalian target rapamycin (mTOR) pathway proteins, B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), Bcl-2-associated X (Bax), 4-HNE expressions then detected silencing LTF or BECN1. Plaque stability significantly lower SCD group compared non-SCD (p < 0.05). P62 plaques increased as decreased, correlated with progression levels. Autophagy inhibition by U0126 leads worsening aortic luminal stenosis, core deposits, decreased autophagosomes, reduced expression, upregulated mice. It further demonstrated that correlates autophagy. ox-LDL-treated THP-1 cells, BECN1 and/or mTOR phosphorylation levels, inhibited LC3 II AMPK activation, simultaneously Bcl-2/Bax ratio. might alleviate pathology through accelerating AMPK/mTOR pathway, suggested may be a potential predictive molecule for AS.

Language: Английский

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Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Functions of High-Density Lipoprotein in Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(1), P. 57 - 57

Published: Dec. 28, 2023

(1) Background: high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) exhibit antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that play an important role in preventing the development of atherosclerotic lesions possibly also diabetes. In turn, both type 1 diabetes (T1D) 2 (T2D) are susceptible to having deleterious effects on these HDL functions. The objectives present review expound upon functions HDLs setting cardiovascular diseases discuss contributions onset (2) Methods: this narrative is based literature available from PubMed database. (3) Results: several HDLs, such as paraoxonase-1 activity, compromised T2D, thereby facilitating pro-atherogenic oxidized low-density lipoproteins. addition, diminished ability inhibit pro-inflammatory pathways vessels individuals with T2D. Although less extensive, recent evidence suggests defective antiatherogenic particles T1D. Lastly, substantial indicates a by modulating glucose metabolism. (4) Conclusions perspectives: impaired intriguing targets for mitigating risk Further investigations needed clarify influence glycaemic control nephropathy functionality patients Furthermore, exploring novel antidiabetic drugs used management T2D may provide insights future research.

Language: Английский

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Pro-Inflammatory Food, Gut Microbiota, and Cardiovascular and Pancreatic Diseases

Biomolecules, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(2), P. 210 - 210

Published: Feb. 10, 2024

Recent studies have shown that a pro-inflammatory diet and dysbiosis, especially high level of trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), are associated with various adverse health conditions. Cardiovascular diseases pancreatic two major morbidities in the modern world. Through this narrative review, we aimed to summarize association between diet, gut microbiota, cardiovascular diseases, along their underlying mechanisms. Our review revealed TMAO is development by promoting platelet aggregation, atherosclerotic plaque formation, vascular inflammation. also acute pancreatitis. The an increased risk cancer through mechanisms include increasing levels, activating lipopolysaccharides cascade, direct effect certain nutrients. Meanwhile, anti-inflammatory decreases cancer.

Language: Английский

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