Gut liver brain axis in diseases: the implications for therapeutic interventions

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 8(1)

Published: Dec. 6, 2023

Gut-liver-brain axis is a three-way highway of information interaction system among the gastrointestinal tract, liver, and nervous systems. In past few decades, breakthrough progress has been made in gut liver brain axis, mainly through understanding its formation mechanism increasing treatment strategies. this review, we discuss various complex networks including barrier permeability, hormones, microbial metabolites, vagus nerve, neurotransmitters, immunity, toxic β-amyloid (Aβ) metabolism, epigenetic regulation gut-liver-brain axis. Some therapies containing antibiotics, probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), polyphenols, low FODMAP diet nanotechnology application regulate Besides, some special treatments targeting gut-liver include farnesoid X receptor (FXR) agonists, takeda G protein-coupled 5 (TGR5) glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) antagonists fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) analogs. Targeting gut-brain embraces cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), antidepressants tryptophan metabolism-related therapies. liver-brain contains Aβ future, better interactions will promote development novel preventative strategies discovery precise therapeutic targets multiple diseases.

Language: Английский

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Epidemiology of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth

World Journal of Gastroenterology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 29(22), P. 3400 - 3421

Published: June 6, 2023

Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) is defined as an increase in the content of small intestine above normal values. The presence SIBO detected 33.8% patients with gastroenterological complaints who underwent a breath test, and significantly associated smoking, bloating, abdominal pain, anemia. Proton pump inhibitor therapy significant risk factor for SIBO. increases age does not depend on gender or race. complicates course number diseases may be pathogenetic significance development their symptoms. functional dyspepsia, irritable bowel syndrome, constipation, diarrhea, short chronic pseudo-obstruction, lactase deficiency, diverticular celiac diseases, ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, cirrhosis, metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), primary biliary cholangitis, gastroparesis, pancreatitis, cystic fibrosis, gallstone diabetes, hypothyroidism, hyperlipidemia, acromegaly, multiple sclerosis, autism, Parkinson's systemic spondylarthropathy, fibromyalgia, asthma, heart failure, other diseases. often slowdown orocecal transit time that decreases clearance bacteria from intestine. this due to motor dysfunction gut, autonomic diabetic polyneuropathy, portal hypertension, decrease motor-stimulating influence thyroid hormones. In including MAFLD, association was found between severity Further work effect eradication condition prognosis various required.

Language: Английский

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The Role of Gut Dysbiosis in the Loss of Intestinal Immune Cell Functions and Viral Pathogenesis

Microorganisms, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(7), P. 1849 - 1849

Published: July 21, 2023

The gut microbiome plays a critical role in maintaining overall health and immune function. However, dysbiosis, an imbalance composition, can have profound effects on various aspects of human health, including susceptibility to viral infections. Despite numerous studies investigating the influence infections microbiome, impact dysbiosis infection pathogenesis remains relatively understudied. clinical variability observed SARS-CoV-2 seasonal influenza infections, presence natural HIV suppressors, suggests that host-intrinsic factors, may contribute pathogenesis. has been shown host system by regulating intestinal homeostasis through interactions with cells. This review aims enhance our understanding how perturb mucosal cells, affecting response Specifically, we focus exploring between gamma delta (γδ) T cells microbes context inflammatory examine highlighting disease outcomes. Furthermore, discuss emerging evidence potential future directions for modulation therapy

Language: Английский

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The correlation between gut microbiota and both neurotransmitters and mental disorders: A narrative review

Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 103(5), P. e37114 - e37114

Published: Feb. 2, 2024

The gastrointestinal tract is embedded with microorganisms of numerous genera, referred to as gut microbiota. Gut microbiota has multiple effects on many body organs, including the brain. There a bidirectional connection between and brain called gut-brain-axis, these connections are formed through immunological, neuronal, neuroendocrine pathways. In addition, modulates synthesis functioning neurotransmitters. Therefore, disruption in composition or function, which known dysbiosis, associated pathogenesis mental disorders, such schizophrenia, depression, other psychiatric disorders. This review aims summarize modulation role 4 prominent neurotransmitters (tryptophan serotonergic system, dopamine, gamma-aminobutyric acid, glutamate), well its association disorders (schizophrenia, anxiety autism spectrum disorder). More future research required develop efficient gut-microbiota-based therapies for illnesses.

Language: Английский

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Gut dysbiosis in patients with chronic pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Jan. 30, 2024

Introduction Recent evidence supports the contribution of gut microbiota dysbiosis to pathophysiology rheumatic diseases, neuropathic pain, and neurodegenerative disorders. The bidirectional gut-brain communication network occurrence chronic pain both involve contributions autonomic nervous system hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis. Nevertheless, current understanding association between is still not clear. Therefore, aim this study systematically evaluate existing knowledge about alterations in conditions. Methods Four databases were consulted for systematic literature review: PubMed, Web Science, Scopus, Embase. Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used assess risk bias. protocol prospectively registered at International prospective register reviews (PROSPERO, CRD42023430115). Alpha-diversity, β-diversity, relative abundance different taxonomic levels summarized qualitatively, quantitatively if possible. Results initial database search identified a total 3544 unique studies, which 21 studies eventually included review 11 meta-analysis. Decreases alpha-diversity revealed patients compared controls several metrics: observed species (SMD= -0.201, 95% CI from -0.04 -0.36, p=0.01), Shannon index -0.27, -0.11 -0.43, p<0.001), faith phylogenetic diversity (SMD -0.35, -0.08 -0.61, p=0.01). Inconsistent results beta-diversity. A decrease Lachnospiraceae family, genus Faecalibacterium Roseburia , prausnitzii Odoribacter splanchnicus as well an increase Eggerthella spp., controls. Discussion Indications patients, with non-specific disease microbes. Systematic registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/ identifier CRD42023430115.

Language: Английский

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The influence of the gut-brain axis on anxiety and depression: A review of the literature on the use of probiotics

Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(3), P. 237 - 255

Published: March 21, 2024

This review aims to argue how using probiotics can improve anxiety and depressive behaviour without adverse effects, also exploring the impact of postbiotics on it. Specifically, have drawn more attention as effective alternative treatments, considering rising cost antidepressant anti-anxiety drugs high risk side effects. Depression disorders are among most common mental illnesses in world's population, characterised by low mood, poor general interest, cognitive or motor dysfunction. Thus, this study analyzed published literature anxiety, depression, probiotic supplementation from PubMed Scopus, focusing last twenty years. focused effect health they because their extensive clinical applications positive various diseases. Numerous studies demonstrated gut microbiota might be critical for mood regulation affect host regulating gut-brain axis. By comparing different works analysed, it was possible identify a strategy which selected employed and, at same time, assess optimised postbiotics, an innovation well-being humans.

Language: Английский

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TGR5 deficiency-induced anxiety and depression-like behaviors: The role of gut microbiota dysbiosis

Journal of Affective Disorders, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 344, P. 219 - 232

Published: Oct. 13, 2023

Language: Английский

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Neuroinflammation and Schizophrenia: New Therapeutic Strategies through Psychobiotics, Nanotechnology, and Artificial Intelligence (AI)

Journal of Personalized Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(4), P. 391 - 391

Published: April 6, 2024

The prevalence of schizophrenia, affecting approximately 1% the global population, underscores urgency for innovative therapeutic strategies. Recent insights into role neuroinflammation, gut–brain axis, and microbiota in schizophrenia pathogenesis have paved way exploration psychobiotics as a novel treatment avenue. These interventions, targeting gut microbiome, offer promising approach to ameliorating psychiatric symptoms. Furthermore, advancements artificial intelligence nanotechnology are set revolutionize psychobiotic development application, enhance their production, precision, effectiveness. This interdisciplinary heralds new era management, potentially transforming patient outcomes offering beacon hope those afflicted by this complex disorder.

Language: Английский

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The Power of Psychobiotics in Depression: A Modern Approach through the Microbiota–Gut–Brain Axis: A Literature Review

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(7), P. 1054 - 1054

Published: April 4, 2024

The microbiota-gut-brain (MGB) axis is a complex communication network linking the gut, microbiota, and brain, influencing various aspects of health disease. Dysbiosis, disturbance in gut microbiome equilibrium, can significantly impact MGB axis, leading to alterations microbial composition function. Emerging evidence highlights connection between microbiota neurological psychiatric disorders, including depression. This review explores potential psychobiotics managing depressive emphasizing their role restoring balance axis. Psychobiotics exhibit positive effects on intestinal barrier, immune response, cortisol levels, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) Studies suggest that probiotics may serve as an adjunct therapy for depression, especially treatment-resistant cases. discusses key findings from studies interventions, gut-brain mental health. increasing acceptance expanded concept underscores importance microorganisms well-being. As our understanding microbiome's disease grows, emerge promising agents addressing issues, providing new avenues therapeutic interventions disorders.

Language: Английский

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Potential effects of the most prescribed drugs on the microbiota-gut-brain-axis: A review

Brain Research Bulletin, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 207, P. 110883 - 110883

Published: Jan. 18, 2024

The link between drug-induced dysbiosis and its influence on brain diseases through gut-residing bacteria their metabolites, named the microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGBA), remains largely unexplored. This review investigates effects of commonly prescribed drugs (metformin, statins, proton-pump-inhibitors, NSAIDs, anti-depressants) gut microbiota, comparing findings with altered bacterial populations in major (depression, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's Alzheimer's). report aims to explore whether can development progression via MGBA. Central indicate that all explored induce dysbiosis. These patterns were associated disorders. varied across different taxa, possibly mediated by direct or metabolites. Each drug induced both positive negative changes abundance bacteria, indicating a counterbalancing effect. Moreover, above-mentioned exhibited similar effects, suggesting they may counteract enhance each other's when taken together comorbid patients. In conclusion, interplay species abundances have greater impact than individual strains. Future research is needed better understand implications for disease pathogenesis, potential develop more effective therapeutic options patients brain-related diseases.

Language: Английский

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