Impact of Physiological Fluctuations of Sex Hormones During the Menstrual Cycle on Glucose Metabolism and the Gut Microbiota DOI Creative Commons
Alina Schieren, Sandra Koch,

Tal Pecht

et al.

Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 132(05), P. 267 - 278

Published: Feb. 21, 2024

Abstract Diabetes mellitus is one of the most prevalent chronic diseases. Previous studies have shown differences in glucose metabolism between males and females. Moreover, difficulties medication adherence been reported females with type 2 diabetes. These observations are believed to be caused by fluctuations sex hormone concentrations during menstrual cycle. Furthermore, gut microbiota linked female host production. Understanding interactions fluctuating cycle, microbiota, humans significant because increasing prevalence diabetes consequent need expand preventive efforts. A literature search was performed determine summarize existing evidence, deduce future research needs maintain health, investigate relationship physiological cycle metabolism. Studies from 1967 2020 already examined variations healthy subjects using an oral-glucose tolerance test or intravenous test. However, overall number rather small results contradictory, as some detected depending on different phases, whereas others did not. Some lower levels follicular phase than luteal phase, another study opposite. Data relation limited. Conflicting exist when examining effect hormonal contraceptives changes course The indicate that especially hormones, might impact composition. may affect composition greatest phase; however, further well-conducted needed support this assumption.

Language: Английский

Polycystic ovary syndrome DOI
Elisabet Stener‐Victorin, Helena Teede, Robert J. Norman

et al.

Nature Reviews Disease Primers, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 10(1)

Published: April 18, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

89
Management of Adverse Effects in Testosterone Replacement Therapy DOI

Basheer Basheer,

Vishal Ila,

Rodrigo Barros

et al.

International braz j urol, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 51(3)

Published: April 29, 2025

This narrative review aims to provide the most updated knowledge regarding treatment of adverse effects secondary testosterone replacement therapy (TRT), such as gynecomastia, cardiovascular and hematologic risks, prostate health risk, liver dysfunction risks. An extensive literature was conducted, incorporating guidelines from American Urological Association Endocrine Society. The studies determined common their methods management. TRT improves quality life, sexual function, mood in hypogonadal men. Possible associated with include increased estrogen levels which are usually managed aromatase inhibitors tamoxifen. Cardiovascular risks hypertension erythrocytosis, mandate periodic hematocrit blood pressure monitoring; therapeutic phlebotomy is indicated if exceeds 52%. No significant concern cancer has been observed closely monitored patient. However, should not be administered individuals active evidence untreated cancer, except under rare circumstances surveillance for very low-risk disease. Older oral forms can affect function; therefore, transdermal, newer injectables generally favored men a history Monitoring management critical maximize benefit minimize TRT. Ongoing research will further elucidate safety while advancing evidence-based practices managing its effects. Effective patient education counseling also essential improve compliance outcomes.

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Ovarian Aging: The Silent Catalyst of Age-Related Disorders in Female Body DOI Creative Commons
Xingyu Liu, Yu Zhao,

Yanzhi Feng

et al.

Aging and Disease, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 0 - 0

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Age-related diseases have emerged as a global concern the population ages. Consequently, understanding underlying causes of aging and exploring potential anti-aging interventions is imperative. In females, ovaries serve principal organs responsible for ovulation production female hormones. The are related to infertility, menopause, associated menopausal syndromes, with menopause representing culmination ovarian aging. Current evidence indicates that may contribute dysfunction across multiple organ systems, including, but not limited to, cognitive impairment, osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease. Nevertheless, due widespread distribution sex hormone receptors throughout body, affects only these specific also influences broader spectrum age-related in women. Despite this, impact on overall has been largely neglected. This review provides thorough summary diseases, encompassing nervous, circulatory, locomotor, urinary, digestive, respiratory, endocrine systems. Additionally, we outlined prospective therapeutic approaches addressing both aim mitigating their impacts preserving women's fertility, physical health, psychological well-being.

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Therapeutic Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles to Treat PCOS DOI Open Access
Hang-Soo Park, Esra Çetin,

Hiba Siblini

et al.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(13), P. 11151 - 11151

Published: July 6, 2023

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is known as the most common endocrine disorder in women. Previously, we suggested that human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can reverse PCOS condition by secreting factors. Here, evaluated therapeutic capability of MSC-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs), also exosomes, both vitro and vivo models. Exosomes were used to treat androgen-producing H293R injected a mouse model through intraovarian intravenous injection into letrozole (LTZ)-induced model. We assessed effects exosomes on or analyzing steroidogenic gene expression (quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR)), body weight change, serum hormone levels, fertility pup delivery. Our data show effect EVs for reversing conditions, including issues. Interestingly, was more effective glucose regulation, an restoration. study suggests be promising biopharmaceutics treating conditions novel option. Despite fact need validation patients, may evaluate this treatment option with following clinical trials.

Language: Английский

Citations

22
Hepatic immune regulation and sex disparities DOI
Patrizia Burra, Alberto Zanetto, Bernd Schnabl

et al.

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Sept. 5, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

7
Implications of innate immune sexual dimorphism for MASLD pathogenesis and treatment DOI
Richell Booijink, Prakash Ramachandran, Ruchi Bansal

et al.

Trends in Pharmacological Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 45(7), P. 614 - 627

Published: June 12, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

5
Risk assessment of transgender people: implementation of a demasculinizing–feminizing rodent model including the evaluation of thyroid homeostasis DOI Creative Commons

Alessia Tammaro,

Gabriele Lori, Andrea Martinelli

et al.

Biology Direct, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 19(1)

Published: Jan. 2, 2024

Abstract Background Individuals whose gender identity differs from the biological sex and social norms are defined as transgender. Sometimes transgender undergo affirming hormone therapy, which lasts for entire life making essential to evaluate its potential long-term effects. Moreover, can represent a susceptible sub-group of population specific attention is needed in risk assessment, including development targeted animal models. Aim study implementation rodent demasculinizing–feminizing model through setting appropriate dose therapy selection biomarkers transition. Specific paid thyroid homeostasis due close link with reproductive functions. Four male adult rats/group were subcutaneously exposed three doses plus control β-estradiol valerate cyproterone acetate at: 0.045 + 0.2 (low), 0.09 (medium) 0.18 (high) mg/dose, five times/week. The selected considering most recent recommendations woman. Sperm count, histopathological analysis (testis, liver, thyroid), testosterone, estradiol, triiodothyronine thyroid-stimulating serum levels gene expression dimorphic CYP450 evaluated. Results induced feminizing–demasculinizing effects: decreased testosterone at corresponding cisgender, increased impairment function reversal sex-specific CYP liver expression. However, medium high marked toxicity low considered best choice, also studies assessment. alterations indicated follicular cell hypertrophy supported by higher doses. Conclusions models that mimic effects supporting clinical people filling data gap order ensure an assessment more accurate, personalized care people.

Language: Английский

Citations

4
Sex-Related Differences in Cardiovascular Risk in Adolescents with Overweight or Obesity DOI Creative Commons
Procolo Di Bonito, Anna Di Sessa, Maria Rosaria Licenziati

et al.

Reviews in Cardiovascular Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(4), P. 141 - 141

Published: April 9, 2024

Pediatric obesity is closely associated with cardiometabolic comorbidities, but the role of sex in this relationship less investigated. We aimed to evaluate sex-related differences on risk factors and preclinical signs target organ damage adolescents overweight/obesity (OW/OB).

Language: Английский

Citations

4
Liver stiffness as a cornerstone in heart disease risk assessment DOI Creative Commons
Joost Boeckmans, Laurent Sandrin, Christian Knackstedt

et al.

Liver International, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 44(2), P. 344 - 356

Published: Nov. 28, 2023

Abstract Metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) typically presents with hepatic fibrosis in advanced disease, resulting increased stiffness. A subset of patients further develops cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Cardiovascular is a common comorbidity MASLD its prevalence increasing parallel. Recent evidence suggests that especially stiffness, whether or not existing against background MASLD, associated heart diseases. We conducted narrative review on the role stiffness prediction highly prevalent diseases including failure, cardiac arrhythmias (in particular atrial fibrillation), coronary aortic valve sclerosis. Research papers were retrieved from major scientific databases (PubMed, Web Science) until September 2023 using ‘liver stiffness’ fibrosis’ as keywords along latter conditions. Increased determined by vibration‐controlled transient elastography predicted biomarker panels, are variety cardiovascular diseases, fibrillation, disease. Elevated metabolic should lead to considerations workup N‐terminal pro–B‐type natriuretic peptide/B‐type peptide determination, electrocardiography, computed tomography angiography. In addition, would benefit case‐finding strategies which measurements can play key role. conclusion, be trigger consider metabolically compromised patients.

Language: Английский

Citations

10
Global temporal trends and projections of hepatitis B-related cirrhosis among adolescents and young adults from 1990 to 2035: an analysis based on the global burden of disease study 2021 DOI Creative Commons
Quanwei He, Xiujuan Chang, Ran Xu

et al.

Frontiers in Public Health, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: Jan. 8, 2025

Chronic hepatitis B and cirrhosis pose significant global health threats. Few studies have explored the disease burden mortality trend of caused by virus infection among adolescents young adults (AYAs, aged 15-39 years). This study aimed to assess trends. Publicly available data were obtained from 2021 GBD database. The rates incidence, mortality, disability-adjusted life years calculated at global, regional, national levels. Temporal trends assessed using joinpoint regression analysis, while Bayesian age-period-cohort model was used predict future From 1990 2021, incidence rate B-related decreased 111.33 (95% uncertainty interval: 89.18 134.98) 67.75 (54.06 82.71) per 100,000 with an average annual percentage change -1.58 confidence -1.66 -1.51, p < 0.001). However, between numbers in 30-34 35-39 age groups increased 23.75 21.24%, respectively. number deaths low low-middle Socio-demographic Index (SDI) areas 79.51 20.62%, Moreover, it is predicted that incidences will continue rise SDI. At regional level, Central Sub-Saharan Africa had highest rates. In Somalia Democratic Republic Congo rates, whereas Kiribati Cambodia overall AYAs has over past three decades. Nevertheless, there a slight increase individuals 30-39 years. substantial SDI underscore need for sustained targeted public interventions.

Language: Английский

Citations

0