Particulate Matter and Its Molecular Effects on Skin: Implications for Various Skin Diseases

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(18), P. 9888 - 9888

Published: Sept. 13, 2024

Particulate matter (PM) is a harmful air pollutant composed of chemicals and metals which affects human health by penetrating both the respiratory system skin, causing oxidative stress inflammation. This review investigates association between PM skin disease, focusing on underlying molecular mechanisms specific disease pathways involved. Studies have shown that exposure positively associated with diseases such as atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, acne, aging. PM-induced damages lipids, proteins, DNA, impairing cellular functions triggering inflammatory responses through like aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), NF-κB, MAPK. leads to increased production cytokines exacerbates conditions. AD inflammation barrier disruption. It disrupts keratinocyte differentiation increases pro-inflammatory in psoriasis. In it sebum biomarkers. accelerates aging degrading ECM proteins increasing MMP-1 COX2. conclusion, compromises barriers, inducing ROS generation activation key pathways, leading damage, apoptosis, autophagy. highlights need for protective measures targeted treatments mitigate damage.

Language: Английский

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Pathogenesis and management of atopic dermatitis: insights into epidermal barrier dysfunction and immune mechanisms

Published: Feb. 7, 2025

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by compromised epidermal barrier and heightened immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels, often associated with filaggrin (FLG) gene mutations. Genetic factors like FLG mutations environmental influences, including microbial exposure pollutants, contribute to the disease’s progression, leading itchy, inflamed skin. AD frequently coexists allergic conditions, severely affecting quality of life. The pathogenesis involves complex interactions between genetic predispositions, immune responses, triggers. Despite advances, development effective treatments remains challenging due an incomplete understanding how influence pathways variability in presentation. Current biomarkers are insufficient fully capture complexity or predict therapeutic highlighting need for novel personalized approaches. Emerging therapies such as chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy, stem regenerative medicine show promise addressing AD’s root causes. This review explores key aspects pathogenesis, focusing on dysfunction, mechanisms, innovative strategies improve patient outcomes.

Language: Английский

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Probiotics and gut microbiota modulation: implications for skin health and disease management

Archives of Microbiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 207(3)

Published: Feb. 23, 2025

Language: Английский

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Insight into IL-5 as a Potential Target for the Treatment of Allergic Diseases

Biomedicines, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(7), P. 1531 - 1531

Published: July 10, 2024

Interleukin-5 functions as a B-cell differentiation factor, but more importantly, in the context of this review, it plays variety roles eosinophil biology, including and maturation bone marrow, facilitates migration to tissue sites, usually an allergic reaction. Given availability selective anti-IL-5 drugs such mepolizumab reslizumab, well IL-5 receptor antagonist benralizumab, is worth investigating whether they could be used some cases disease. Asthma has well-documented involvement its pathophysiology clear benefits case therapy; therefore, current knowledge presented provide reference point for study less-described diseases atopic dermatitis, chronic rhinosinusitis, spontaneous urticaria, association with both treatment options. We then review literature on these diseases, explain where appropriate potential reasons why treatments are ineffective, out possible future directions further research.

Language: Английский

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Keratins 6, 16, and 17 in Health and Disease: A Summary of Recent Findings

Current Issues in Molecular Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 46(8), P. 8627 - 8641

Published: Aug. 6, 2024

Keratins 6, 16, and 17 occupy unique positions within the keratin family. These proteins are not commonly found in healthy, intact epidermis, but their expression increases response to damage, inflammation, hereditary skin conditions, as well cancerous cell transformations tumor growth. As a result, there is an active investigation into potential use of these biomarkers for different pathologies. Recent studies have revealed role keratins regulating keratinocyte migration, proliferation, growth, more recently, nuclear functions, including maintaining structure responding DNA also been identified. This review aims summarize latest research on 17, regulation various conditions.

Language: Английский

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Atopic dermatitis - the review

Quality in Sport, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 37, P. 56851 - 56851

Published: Jan. 3, 2025

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder characterized by disrupted epidermal barrier, immune dysregulation, and genetic predisposition. Affecting individuals across all age groups, AD presents with recurrent flare-ups varying clinical patterns depending on age. The pathophysiology involves key elements such as loss-of-function mutations in the filaggrin (FLG) gene, overproduction of cytokines like IL-4 IL-13, colonization Staphylococcus aureus. Management strategies include patient education, topical therapies (e.g., corticosteroids, calcineurin inhibitors, crisaborole, tapinarof), systemic treatments dupilumab methotrexate, phototherapy for refractory cases. Preventive measures, including breastfeeding probiotic supplementation, offer limited benefits, emphasizing need individualized approaches. Innovative further research into pathogenesis hold promise more effective disease control improved quality life patients.

Language: Английский

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Interleukin-4 and Atopic Dermatitis: Why Does it Matter? A Narrative Review

Dermatology and Therapy, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 10, 2025

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common chronic inflammatory skin condition that significantly impairs patients' quality of life as result intense itching and persistent eczematous lesions. Although AD has multifaceted etiology—including genetic predisposition, environmental triggers, barrier dysfunction, dysregulated immune responses—interleukin-4 (IL-4) recognized central role in its pathogenesis. This narrative review explores the IL-4 pathophysiology AD, contribution to atopic march, therapeutic impact inhibition. plays critical dysbiosis, pruritus, inflammation, all which contribute debilitating symptoms AD. Moreover, implicated other conditions, such asthma, allergic rhinitis, food allergies, underscoring beyond importance march. Recent advances targeted therapies, particularly IL-4/IL-13 signaling inhibitors, have changed management. Dupilumab, an receptor antagonist, demonstrated significant efficacy reducing enhancing patient outcomes both children adults. In addition symptomatic relief, suppressing may also offer potential for disease modification, altering AD's progression possibly preventing onset conditions. highlights crucial target By understanding pathogenesis exploring implications targeting pathways, this work can guide future research concerning treatment approaches emphasize need early interventions mitigate ultimately improve life.

Language: Английский

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Dupilumab for Atopic Dermatitis-like Chronic Graft-versus-Host Disease in Three Pediatric Hematopoietic Cell Transplant Recipients

Journal of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 11, 2025

Atopic dermatitis (AD)-like graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a chronic form of skin GVHD with features that include erythema, xerosis, scaling, and pruritus. Patients often require treatment systemic immunosuppression aggressive topical therapies for relief. Long-term effects are undesirable alternative needed. A retrospective review 3 patients receiving dupilumab (DUP) AD-like cGVHD was conducted. Data collected included demographics, transplant history, management outcomes. Information relating to DUP dose, route, frequency, safety based on dermatologic reactions, ocular toxicities, infections. had differing underlying conditions, types, cell sources, prophylactic therapies. Three received tacrolimus corticosteroids treatment, 1 also sirolimus ruxolitinib. After the initial all experienced improvement in their GVHD. To date, have complete remission weaned off other No or no infections were reported. efficacious safe treating our pediatric patients. Further investigations warranted determine appropriate placement therapy.

Language: Английский

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The Role of Bile Acid in Immune‐Mediated Skin Diseases

Experimental Dermatology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 34(5)

Published: April 29, 2025

ABSTRACT Immune‐mediated skin disorders arise from dysfunctional immune responses, instigating inflammatory dermatoses and a reduced quality of life. The complex pathogenesis likely involves genetic risks, environmental triggers aberrant activation. An emerging body evidence suggests that bile acid disturbances may critically promote pathology in certain conditions. Bile acids synthesised cholesterol regulate nutrient metabolism cell function via nuclear receptors G protein‐coupled (GPCRs). Altered profiles receptor expression have been identified psoriasis, atopic dermatitis (AD) autoimmune blistering diseases. Disruptions signalling affect the metabolic pathways linked to these disorders. Targeting components axis represents promising therapeutic strategy. This review elucidates intricate links between homeostasis dysfunction diseases, synthesising targeting unlock innovative avenues. study compiles clinical experimental data revealing disrupted composition various immune‐mediated dermatoses, highlighting significance cutaneous regulation.

Language: Английский

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Skin Microbiota: Mediator of Interactions Between Metabolic Disorders and Cutaneous Health and Disease

Microorganisms, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13(1), P. 161 - 161

Published: Jan. 14, 2025

Metabolic disorders, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), obesity, and metabolic syndrome, are systemic conditions that profoundly impact the skin microbiota, a dynamic community of bacteria, fungi, viruses, mites essential for cutaneous health. Dysbiosis caused by dysfunction contributes to barrier disruption, immune dysregulation, increased susceptibility inflammatory diseases, psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, acne. For instance, hyperglycemia in T2DM leads formation advanced glycation end products (AGEs), which bind receptor AGEs (RAGE) on keratinocytes cells, promoting oxidative stress inflammation while facilitating Staphylococcus aureus colonization dermatitis. Similarly, obesity-induced dysregulation sebaceous lipid composition increases saturated fatty acids, favoring pathogenic strains Cutibacterium acnes, produce metabolites exacerbate Advances metabolomics microbiome sequencing have unveiled critical biomarkers, such as short-chain acids microbial signatures, predictive therapeutic outcomes. example, elevated butyrate levels psoriasis been associated with reduced Th17-mediated inflammation, presence specific Lactobacillus has shown potential modulate tolerance Furthermore, machine learning models increasingly used integrate multi-omics data, enabling personalized interventions. Emerging therapies, probiotics postbiotics, aim restore diversity, phage therapy selectively targets bacteria like without disrupting beneficial flora. Clinical trials demonstrated significant reductions lesions improved quality-of-life metrics patients receiving these microbiota-targeted treatments. This review synthesizes current evidence bidirectional interplay between disorders highlighting implications future directions. By addressing microbiota-mediated pathways, precision strategies paving way patient outcomes dermatologic care.

Language: Английский

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