Effects of Animal-Based and Plant-Based Nitrates and Nitrites on Human Health: Beyond Nitric Oxide Production

Biomolecules, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(2), P. 236 - 236

Published: Feb. 7, 2025

Nitrate (NO3) and nitrite (NO2) are important nitrogen compounds that play a vital role in the cycle, contributing to plant nutrition broader ecological functions. Nitrates produced from nitric acid (HNO3), while nitrites come nitrous (HNO2). These substances commonly found environment, especially food water, due contamination both human natural sources. Human activities major contributors high levels of nitrates leading environmental pollution. Although is crucial for growth, excessive fertilizer use has caused disruptions. In plants, tend accumulate primarily leaves non-leguminous crops, such as leafy vegetables, which known their nitrate content. Furthermore, added animal-based foods, processed meats cheeses, prevent bacterial slow spoilage, improve flavor color. The concentration these can vary different factors like farming practices, climate, soil conditions, production methods. This review seeks examine differences between plant-based sources assess potential impact on health, considering also paradigm goes beyond oxide production.

Language: Английский

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Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Endothelial Cells: A Key Driver of Organ Disorders and Aging

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(4), P. 372 - 372

Published: March 21, 2025

Mitochondria are of great importance in cell biology since they major sites adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production and widely involved different cellular pathways the response to stress. During ATP production, reactive oxygen species (ROS) can be produced. While a small amount ROS may important for regulation physiological processes, at elevated levels turn into harmful agents leading damage. From pathological perspective, it could particularly interesting focus on mitochondrial function endothelial cells development aging onset diseases, including renal, cardio-metabolic, liver neurodegenerative ones. However, date, there no surveys which address above issues. To fill this gap, valuable collect recent findings about role mitochondria function, not only increase knowledge but also clinical applications. Here, we overview most issues view characterizing as an innovative potential target prevention aging, well treatment conditions.

Language: Английский

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Hydrogen Sulfide and Gut Microbiota: Their Synergistic Role in Modulating Sirtuin Activity and Potential Therapeutic Implications for Neurodegenerative Diseases

Pharmaceuticals, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 17(11), P. 1480 - 1480

Published: Nov. 4, 2024

The intricate relationship between hydrogen sulfide (H2S), gut microbiota, and sirtuins (SIRTs) can be seen as a paradigm axis in maintaining cellular homeostasis, modulating oxidative stress, promoting mitochondrial health, which together play pivotal role aging neurodegenerative diseases. H2S, gasotransmitter synthesized endogenously by specific acts potent modulator of function protecting against damage. Through sulfate-reducing bacteria, microbiota influences systemic H2S levels, creating link health metabolic processes. Dysbiosis, or an imbalance microbial populations, alter production, impair function, increase heighten inflammation, all contributing factors diseases such Alzheimer’s Parkinson’s. Sirtuins, particularly SIRT1 SIRT3, are NAD+-dependent deacetylases that regulate biogenesis, antioxidant defense, inflammation. enhances sirtuin activity through post-translational modifications, sulfhydration, activate pathways essential for mitigating damage, reducing longevity. SIRT1, example, deacetylates NF-κB, pro-inflammatory cytokine expression, while SIRT3 modulates key enzymes to improve energy metabolism detoxify reactive oxygen species (ROS). This synergy is profoundly influenced the levels and, turn, impacts activation. microbiota–H2S–sirtuin also regulating neuroinflammation, plays central pathogenesis Pharmacological interventions, including donors sirtuin-activating compounds (STACs), promise these synergistically, providing novel therapeutic approach conditions. suggests diversity optimal have far-reaching effects on brain health.

Language: Английский

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Role of sirtuin 1 in depression‑induced coronary heart disease: Molecular pathways and therapeutic potential (Review)

Biomedical Reports, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 22(3)

Published: Jan. 14, 2025

Depression and coronary heart disease (CHD) are two interconnected diseases that profoundly impact global health. is both a complex psychiatric disorder an established risk factor for CHD. Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) enzyme requires the cofactor nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) to perform its deacetylation function, involvement crucial in reducing cardiovascular risks associated with depression. SIRT1 exerts cardioprotective effects via modulating oxidative stress, inflammation metabolic processes, all of which central pathogenesis CHD individuals Through influencing these pathways, helps reduce endothelial dysfunction, prevent formation atherosclerotic plaques stabilize existing plaques, thereby decreasing overall The present review underscores important role serving as therapeutic intervention molecule tackling complications stemming from Furthermore, it highlights need further studies clarify how influences depression at molecular level. ultimate goal this research will be translate findings into practical clinical strategies.

Language: Английский

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Preeclampsia as a Study Model for Aging: The Klotho Gene Paradigm

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(3), P. 902 - 902

Published: Jan. 22, 2025

Aging and pregnancy are often considered opposites in a woman’s biological timeline. is defined by gradual decline the functional capabilities of an organism over its lifetime, while characterized presence transient placenta, which fosters cellular fitness necessary to support fetal growth. However, context preeclampsia, aging share common hallmarks, including clinical complications, altered phenotypes, heightened oxidative stress. Furthermore, women with pregnancies complicated preeclampsia tend experience age-related disorders earlier than those healthy pregnancies. Klotho, gene discovered fortuitously 1997 researchers studying mechanisms, primarily expressed kidneys but also lesser extent several other tissues, placenta. The Klotho protein membrane-bound that, upon cleavage ADAM10/17, released into circulation as soluble (sKlotho) where it plays role modulating This review focuses on involvement sKlotho development disorders, well expression recently Mytho gene, has been associated skeletal muscle atrophy.

Language: Английский

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Pregnancy and Postpartum Effects of Electronic Cigarettes on Maternal Health and Vascular Function in the Fourth Trimester

Cardiovascular Toxicology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 22, 2025

Pregnancy is a vulnerable time with significant cardiovascular changes that can lead to adverse outcomes, which extend into the postpartum window. Exposure emissions from electronic cigarettes (Ecig), commonly known as "vaping," has an impact on function during pregnancy and post-natal life of offspring, but effects maternal health are poorly understood. We used Sprague Dawley rat model, where pregnant dams exposed Ecigs between gestational day (GD)2-GD21 examine consequences. Litter dam were monitored weaning period, vascular endocrine assessed after weaning. Ecig led fetal losses (i.e., reabsorption in utero) reduced survival pups compared controls (air-exposed dams). find vaping pregnancy, or without nicotine (or flavoring) results hormonal dysfunction prolactin, increased expression sirtuin 1 deacetylase brain). Both 5 30W aerosol exposures resulted impairment middle cerebral artery reactivity acetylcholine-mediated dilation (decreasing ~ 22 50%, respectively). also observed increase number extracellular vesicles (EVs) plasma 30-W group persists up 3-week these EVs impaired endothelial cell when applied vitro ex vivo assays. Our data suggest (1) vaping, even flavorings, alters circulating factors influence health, (2) may contribute etiology dysfunction, (3) window for recovery likely be longer than exposure

Language: Английский

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Cellular Senescence and Cardiovascular Aging

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

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SIRT1: A likely key for future therapeutic strategies for pain management

Pharmacological Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 213, P. 107670 - 107670

Published: Feb. 20, 2025

Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), a NAD+ -dependent histone deacetylase, plays crucial role in mitigating oxidative stress, regulating inflammation, and maintaining mitochondrial function. Reduced SIRT1 activity has been linked to elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines, dysfunction, chronic pain, all of which are observed long COVID pathology. Emerging evidence identifies dysfunction stress as central contributors these symptoms. Increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) such superoxide, nitric oxide, peroxynitrite, leading damage, central/peripheral sensitization. Nutraceuticals, particularly the polyphenolic fraction bergamot (BPF), have demonstrated potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiviral properties. This study highlights BPF's ability modulate rat model inflammation hyperalgesia. It provides novel nitration within nucleus key event inflammatory pain pathogenesis. BPF administration preserved activity, reduced markers malondialdehyde (MDA) 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), minimized post-translational modifications nuclear proteins, including nitration, acetylation, carbonylation. Additionally, it alleviated hyperalgesia allodynia. These findings underscore therapeutic potential polyphenols like reducing inflammation-driven pain. By activating SIRT1, may provide relief for conditions. Further research on SIRT1-targeted therapies is essential combat preventing conditions enhancing treatment options.

Language: Английский

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The Role of Xenobiotic Caffeine on Cardiovascular Health: Promises and Challenges

Journal of Xenobiotics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(2), P. 51 - 51

Published: March 31, 2025

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) represent a leading cause of premature mortality and disability worldwide, with their incidence expected to rise, potentially reaching 24 million deaths per year by 2030. These multifactorial diseases, including hypertension, coronary artery disease, arrhythmia, heart failure, are often linked metabolic disturbances such as diabetes, oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, inflammation. Natural compounds, caffeine, have been explored for potential therapeutic effects on CVDs. Caffeine, found in coffee, tea, cocoa, various energy drinks, is widely consumed psychoactive compound noted analgesic anti-inflammatory properties. Despite its long history use, caffeine’s impact cardiovascular health remains controversial, both beneficial harmful reported. This review examines the current literature caffeine (CVDs), an emphasis preclinical clinical studies, pharmacokinetic properties, molecular mechanisms it modulates. There evidence that moderate intake can be some CVDs, while other dyslipidemia, collected so far suggests could detrimental since increases total cholesterol levels. But variability dosage, patterns, individual factors (such genetics diet) complicates reliability results. Additionally, challenges related dose standardization absence consistent trial designs hinder full utilization CVD treatment. Nonetheless, appears safe individuals without significant conditions. Future research should aim well-designed studies precise patient cohorts standardized methodologies better assess role management.

Language: Английский

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Deciphering Oxidative Stress in Cardiovascular Disease Progression: A Blueprint for Mechanistic Understanding and Therapeutic Innovation

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(1), P. 38 - 38

Published: Dec. 31, 2024

Oxidative stress plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis and progression of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). This review focuses on signaling pathways oxidative during development CVDs, delving into molecular regulatory networks underlying various disease stages, particularly apoptosis, inflammation, fibrosis, metabolic imbalance. By examining dual roles influences sex differences levels susceptibility, this study offers comprehensive understanding diseases. The integrates key findings from current research three ways. First, it outlines major CVDs associated with their respective pathways, emphasizing stress’s central pathology. Second, summarizes protective effects, mechanisms action, animal models antioxidants, offering insights future drug development. Third, discusses applications, advantages, limitations, potential targets gene therapy providing foundation for novel therapeutic strategies. These tables underscore systematic integrative nature while theoretical basis precision treatment CVDs. A contribution is differential effects across different stages addition to proposal innovative, multi-level intervention strategies, which open new avenues system.

Language: Английский

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