The growing potential of tofacitinib in immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced colitis: identifying remaining puzzle pieces DOI Creative Commons
Raffaele Pellegrino, Giovanna Palladino, Giuseppe Imperio

et al.

Exploration of Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 770 - 779

Published: Nov. 21, 2024

Immunotherapy, a primary anti-neoplastic treatment, exploits the patient’s immune system to kill neoplastic cells by modulating checkpoints such as cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 and programmed cell death 1. Despite an apparent efficacy, immunotherapeutic agents are often accompanied multiorgan toxicity, including gastrointestinal ones. This particular class of immunotherapy-related adverse events, mainly represented diarrhea colitis, necessitates nuanced treatment strategy. Current treatments primarily based on standardized severity grading systems guide proportion therapeutic interventions, ranging from simple behavioral modifications or conventional molecules (such anti-diarrheal) advanced biological treatments. Tofacitinib, pan-Janus kinase inhibitor, emerged potential option for managing immune-related (IR) colitis targeting hyperactivated T within colic microenvironment. However, evidence supporting use tofacitinib in IR is derived case reports small series, lacking robust randomized clinical trial data. While preliminary findings demonstrate encouraging control with tofacitinib, further research warranted elucidate its safety, optimal dosage, duration. Although there some worries about effects cancer response current indicates that could be seen possible choice if other therapies more profiles have not been successful.

Language: Английский

Regulatory T cells in immune checkpoint blockade antitumor therapy DOI Creative Commons

An Zhang,

Tao Fan,

Yixiao Liu

et al.

Molecular Cancer, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 23(1)

Published: Nov. 8, 2024

Regulatory T cells (Tregs), an essential component of the human immune system, are a heterogeneous group lymphocytes with ability to suppress responses and maintain homeostasis. Recent evidence indicates that Tregs may impair antitumor immunity facilitate cancer progression by weakening functions effector (Teffs). Consequently, targeting eliminate them from tumor microenvironments improve Teffs' activity could emerge as effective strategy for immunotherapy. This review outlines biology Tregs, detailing their origins, classification, crucial markers. Our focus lies on complex role in cancer's development, treatment, particularly suppressive upon via multiple mechanisms. We delve into Tregs' involvement checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy, dual effect immunotherapy potential biomarkers ICB therapy effectiveness. also summarize advances therapies adjust optimize which be devising innovative treatment strategies.

Language: Английский

Citations

19
From neglect to necessity: the role of innate immunity in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma therapy DOI Creative Commons
Yonghan He, Ting Tian, Yuancheng Li

et al.

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: April 25, 2025

As the second most common non-melanoma skin cancer, cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) has experienced a significant increase in incidence. Although clinical detection is relatively easy, considerable number of patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage, featuring local tissue infiltration and distant metastasis. Cemiplimab, along with other immune checkpoint inhibitors, enhances T activation by blocking PD-1 pathway, resulting notable improvements outcomes. Nonetheless, approximately 50% cSCC remain unresponsive to this therapeutic approach. It emphasizes importance finding innovative targets strategies boost success immunotherapy across wider range patients. Therefore, we focused on frequently neglected functions innate cells. Emerging evidence indicates that cells exhibit heterogeneity plasticity, fundamentally contributing tumor initiation development. The identification eradication cancer cells, modulation adaptive responses, essential roles these Consequently, targeting activate anti-tumor responses presents potential for enhancing immunotherapeutic cSCC.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Current and Emerging Insights into the Causes, Immunopathogenesis, and Treatment of Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma DOI Open Access
Ronald Anderson,

Nomzamo M. Mkhize,

Mahlatse Kgokolo

et al.

Cancers, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(10), P. 1702 - 1702

Published: May 19, 2025

The increasing incidence of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC), together with the ominous risks metastasis and recurrence, underscores importance identifying novel therapies validated biomarkers to augment patient management, particularly in context well-established advanced disease. Following a brief overview well-recognized epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis cSCC, current review is focused on risk factors, most prominently excessive exposure ultraviolet radiation (UVR) as cause persistent, pro-tumorigenic mutagenesis, immune suppression. next phase encompasses an evaluation search for key driver mutations pathogenesis including role these other formation immunologically reactive neoepitopes. With respect additional mechanisms tumorigenesis, evasion prioritized, specifically involvement cell-free infiltrating cellular mediators Prominent amongst former are cytokine, transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), prostanoid, prostaglandin E2, emerging suppressive nucleoside adenosine. In case latter, tumor-infiltrating circulating regulatory T cells have been implicated being players. final sections update immunotherapy established disease, well novel, reliable lesional systemic potential guide management.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Prognostic Biomarkers in Evolving Melanoma Immunotherapy DOI Creative Commons
Robin Reschke, Alexander Enk, Jessica C. Hassel

et al.

American Journal of Clinical Dermatology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Dec. 21, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

1
The growing potential of tofacitinib in immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced colitis: identifying remaining puzzle pieces DOI Creative Commons
Raffaele Pellegrino, Giovanna Palladino, Giuseppe Imperio

et al.

Exploration of Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 770 - 779

Published: Nov. 21, 2024

Immunotherapy, a primary anti-neoplastic treatment, exploits the patient’s immune system to kill neoplastic cells by modulating checkpoints such as cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 and programmed cell death 1. Despite an apparent efficacy, immunotherapeutic agents are often accompanied multiorgan toxicity, including gastrointestinal ones. This particular class of immunotherapy-related adverse events, mainly represented diarrhea colitis, necessitates nuanced treatment strategy. Current treatments primarily based on standardized severity grading systems guide proportion therapeutic interventions, ranging from simple behavioral modifications or conventional molecules (such anti-diarrheal) advanced biological treatments. Tofacitinib, pan-Janus kinase inhibitor, emerged potential option for managing immune-related (IR) colitis targeting hyperactivated T within colic microenvironment. However, evidence supporting use tofacitinib in IR is derived case reports small series, lacking robust randomized clinical trial data. While preliminary findings demonstrate encouraging control with tofacitinib, further research warranted elucidate its safety, optimal dosage, duration. Although there some worries about effects cancer response current indicates that could be seen possible choice if other therapies more profiles have not been successful.

Language: Английский

Citations

0