Nanotechnology to Overcome Blood–Brain Barrier Permeability and Damage in Neurodegenerative Diseases

Pharmaceutics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(3), P. 281 - 281

Published: Feb. 20, 2025

The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is a critical structure that maintains brain homeostasis by selectively regulating nutrient influx and waste efflux. Not surprisingly, it often compromised in neurodegenerative diseases. In addition to its involvement these pathologies, the BBB also represents significant challenge for drug delivery into central nervous system. Nanoparticles (NPs) have been widely explored as carriers capable of overcoming this effectively transporting therapies brain. However, their potential directly address ameliorate dysfunction has received limited attention. review, we examine how NPs enhance across treat diseases explore emerging strategies restore integrity vital structure.

Language: Английский

The pharmacodynamics-based prophylactic benefits of GLP-1 receptor agonists and SGLT2 inhibitors on neurodegenerative diseases: evidence from a network meta-analysis

BMC Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 23(1)

Published: April 6, 2025

Abstract Background Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists and sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors represent a new generation of antihyperglycemic agents that operate through mechanisms distinct from conventional diabetes treatments. Beyond their metabolic effects, these medications have demonstrated neuroprotective properties in preclinical studies. While clinical trials explored therapeutic potential established neurodegenerative conditions, role disease prevention remains unclear. We conducted network meta-analysis (NMA) to comprehensively evaluate the prophylactic benefits across multiple diseases identify most promising preventive strategies. Methods systematically searched PubMed, Embase, ClinicalKey, Cochrane CENTRAL, ProQuest, ScienceDirect, Web Science, ClinicalTrials.gov October 24th, 2024, for randomized controlled (RCTs) GLP-1 or SGLT2 inhibitors. Our primary outcome was incidence seven major diseases: Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s Lewy body dementia, sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral frontotemporal Huntington’s disease. Secondary outcomes included safety profiles assessed dropout rates. performed frequentist-based NMA evaluated risk bias with Risk Bias tool. The main result current study would be re-affirmed via sensitivity test Bayesian-based NMA. Results analysis encompassed 22 RCTs involving 138,282 participants (mean age 64.8 years, 36.4% female). Among all investigated medications, only dapagliflozin significant benefits, specifically preventing (odds ratio = 0.28, 95% confidence intervals 0.09 0.93) compared controls. Neither nor other showed effects any conditions. Drop-out rates were comparable Conclusions This comprehensive reveals novel specific effect against representing breakthrough neurology. specificity dapagliflozin’s protective might rely on its highly selective inhibition SGLT2. These findings provide important direction future research could inform strategies populations at Trial registration PROSPERO CRD42021252381.

Language: Английский

Energy Metabolism and Brain Aging: Strategies to Delay Neuronal Degeneration

Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 45(1)

Published: April 21, 2025

Abstract Aging is characterized by a gradual decline in physiological functions, with brain aging being major risk factor for numerous neurodegenerative diseases. Given the brain’s high energy demands, maintaining an adequate ATP supply crucial its proper function. However, advancing age, mitochondria dysfunction and deteriorating metabolism lead to reduced overall production impaired mitochondrial quality control (MQC). As result, promoting healthy has become key focus contemporary research. This review examines relationship between aging, highlighting connection MQC metabolism, proposes strategies delay targeting metabolism.

Language: Английский