Possible Neuroprotective Mechanisms of Physical Exercise in Neurodegeneration

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 21(16), P. 5895 - 5895

Published: Aug. 16, 2020

Physical exercise (PE) improves physical performance, mental status, general health, and well-being. It does so by affecting many mechanisms at the cellular molecular level. PE is beneficial for people suffering from neuro-degenerative diseases because it production of neurotrophic factors, neurotransmitters, hormones. promotes neuronal survival neuroplasticity also optimizes neuroendocrine physiological responses to psychosocial stress. sensitizes parasympathetic nervous system (PNS), Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) central (CNS) promoting processes such as synaptic plasticity, neurogenesis, angiogenesis, autophagy. Overall, carries out protective preventive activities improvements in memory, cognition, sleep mood; growth new blood vessels system; reduction stress, anxiety, neuro-inflammation, insulin resistance. In present work, effects were overviewed. Suitable examples current research work this context are given article.

Language: Английский

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APOE in the bullseye of neurodegenerative diseases: impact of the APOE genotype in Alzheimer’s disease pathology and brain diseases

Molecular Neurodegeneration, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 17(1)

Published: Sept. 24, 2022

Abstract ApoE is the major lipid and cholesterol carrier in CNS. There are three human polymorphisms, apoE2, apoE3, apoE4, genetic expression of APOE4 one most influential risk factors for development late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD). Neuroinflammation has become third hallmark AD, together with Amyloid-β plaques neurofibrillary tangles hyperphosphorylated aggregated tau protein. This review aims to broadly extensively describe differential aspects concerning apoE. Starting from evolution apoE how APOE's single-nucleotide polymorphisms affect its structure, function, involvement during health disease. reflects on impact critical AD pathology, such as neuroinflammatory response, particularly effect APOE astrocytic microglial function dynamics, synaptic amyloid-β load, autophagy, cell–cell communication. We discuss affecting pathology combined genotype, sex, age, diet, physical exercise, current therapies clinical trials field. The genotype other neurodegenerative diseases characterized by overt inflammation, e.g., alpha- synucleinopathies Parkinson's disease, traumatic brain injury, stroke, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple also addressed. Therefore, this gathers relevant findings related up date implications CNS pathologies provide a deeper understanding knowledge

Language: Английский

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Mediation Role of Recreational Physical Activity in the Relationship between the Dietary Intake of Live Microbes and the Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index: A Real-World Cross-Sectional Study

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(6), P. 777 - 777

Published: March 8, 2024

The main topic of this research is the relationship between dietary intake live microbe-containing (LMC) foods, recreational physical activity (RPA), and systemic immune-inflammation index (SII). This study presented a cohort 26,254 individuals in National Health Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), representing an estimated weighted population 193,637,615 United States. Weighted multivariable linear regression models were used consideration multi-stage sampling design. Results: found that medium-LMC foods negatively associated with SII [β (95% CI): −4.807 (−7.752, −1.862), p = 0.002], indicating their was correlated lower levels SII. However, no significant associations low- or high-LMC foods. also explored RPA SII, finding more time spent −0.022 (−0.034, −0.011), < 0.001]. A mediation analysis conducted to investigate role food revealed had notable indirect effect, contributing 6.7% overall change Overall, suggests may have beneficial effects on immune inflammation.

Language: Английский

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Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer disease

Nature reviews. Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Dec. 9, 2024

Language: Английский

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Pharmacological Targeting of Microglial Activation: New Therapeutic Approach

Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: Nov. 19, 2019

Mounting evidence suggests that neuroinflammation is not just a consequence but vital contributor to the development and progression of Parkinson's disease (PD). Microglia in particular, may contribute induction modulation inflammation PD. Upon stimulation, microglia convert into activated phenotypes, which exist along dynamic continuum bear different immune properties depending on stage severity. Activated release various factors involved neuroinflammation, such as cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, reactive oxygen species (ROS) nitrogen (RNS), prostaglandins (PGs). Further, interact with other cell types (e.g. neurons, astrocytes mast cells) are closely associated α-synuclein (α-syn) pathophysiology iron homeostasis disturbance. Taken together, microglial activation microglia-mediated inflammatory responses play essential roles pathogenesis PD elucidation complexity imbalance shed light novel therapeutic approaches for

Language: Английский

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Physical Exercise and Selective Autophagy: Benefit and Risk on Cardiovascular Health

Cells, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 8(11), P. 1436 - 1436

Published: Nov. 14, 2019

Physical exercise promotes cardiorespiratory fitness, and is considered the mainstream of non-pharmacological therapies along with lifestyle modification for various chronic diseases, in particular cardiovascular diseases. may positively affect risk factors including body weight, blood pressure, insulin sensitivity, lipid glucose metabolism, heart function, endothelial fat composition. With ever-rising prevalence obesity other types metabolic as well sedentary lifestyle, regular moderate intensity has been indicated to benefit health reduce overall disease mortality. Exercise offers a wide cadre favorable responses system such improved dynamics system, reduced coronary diseases cardiomyopathies, enhanced cardiac reserve capacity, autonomic regulation. Ample clinical experimental evidence an emerging role autophagy, conservative catabolism process degrade recycle cellular organelles nutrients, training-offered benefits. Regular physical unique form physiological stress capable triggering adaptation while autophagy selective seems be permissive adaptation. Here this mini-review, we will summarize mitochondrial namely mitophagy versus on function.

Language: Английский

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FNDC5/Irisin System in Neuroinflammation and Neurodegenerative Diseases: Update and Novel Perspective

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 22(4), P. 1605 - 1605

Published: Feb. 5, 2021

Irisin, the circulating peptide originating from fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5), is mainly expressed by muscle fibers under peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha PGC1α control during exercise. In addition to several beneficial effects on health, physical activity positively affects nervous system functioning, particularly hippocampus, resulting in amelioration of cognition impairments. Recently, FNDC5/irisin detection hippocampal neurons and presence irisin cerebrospinal fluid opened a new intriguing chapter history. Interestingly, hippocampus mice, exercise increases FNDC5 levels upregulates brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression. BDNF, displaying neuroprotection anti-inflammatory effects, produced microglia astrocytes. this review, we discuss how these glial cells can morphologically functionally switch neuroinflammation modulating expression plethora neuroprotective or neurotoxic factors. We also focus studies investigating role neurodegenerative diseases (ND). The emerging involvement as mediator multiple positive brain needs further better deepen issue potential use therapeutic approaches for ND.

Language: Английский

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Mediterranean-Type Dietary Pattern and Physical Activity: The Winning Combination to Counteract the Rising Burden of Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs)

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 13(2), P. 429 - 429

Published: Jan. 28, 2021

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) (mainly cardiovascular diseases, cancers, chronic respiratory and type 2 diabetes) are the main causes of death worldwide. Their burden is expected to rise in future, especially less developed economies among poor spread across middle- high-income countries. Indeed, treatment prevention these pathologies constitute a crucial challenge for public health. The major non-communicable share four modifiable behavioral risk factors: unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, tobacco usage excess alcohol consumption. Therefore, adoption healthy lifestyles, which include not excessive intake, no smoking, diet regular activity, represents economical strategy counteract global NCDs burden. This review summarizes latest evidence demonstrating that Mediterranean-type dietary pattern activity are, alone combination, key interventions both prevent control NCDs.

Language: Английский

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Sexually dimorphic microglia and ischemic stroke

CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 25(12), P. 1308 - 1317

Published: Nov. 20, 2019

Abstract Ischemic stroke kills more women compared with men thus emphasizing a significant sexual dimorphism in ischemic pathophysiological outcomes. However, the mechanisms behind this are yet to be fully understood. It is well established that cerebral ischemia activates variety of inflammatory cascades and microglia primary immune cells brain. After injury, activated play crucial role progression resolution neuroinflammatory response. In recent years, research has focused on exists response central nervous system (CNS) injury. Evidence suggests molecular leading microglial activation polarization phenotypes may influenced by sex, therefore causing difference pro/anti‐inflammatory responses after CNS Here, we review advances highlighting sex differences an important factor seen We discuss main between healthy diseased developing, adult, aging also focus males females microglial‐induced inflammation energy metabolism Finally, describe how all current literature regarding contribute poststroke females.

Language: Английский

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Physical Exercise and Alzheimer’s Disease: Effects on Pathophysiological Molecular Pathways of the Disease

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 22(6), P. 2897 - 2897

Published: March 12, 2021

Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most common form of neurodegenerative dementia in adults worldwide, is a multifactorial and heterogeneous disorder characterized by interaction genetic epigenetic factors dysregulation numerous intracellular signaling cellular/molecular pathways. The introduction systems biology framework revolutionizing study complex diseases allowing identification integration pathways networks interaction. Here, we reviewed relationship between physical activity next pathophysiological processes involved risk developing AD, based on some crucial molecular biological process dysregulated AD: (1) Immune system inflammation; (2) Endothelial function cerebrovascular insufficiency; (3) Apoptosis cell death; (4) Intercellular communication; (5) Metabolism, oxidative stress neurotoxicity; (6) DNA damage repair; (7) Cytoskeleton membrane proteins; (8) Synaptic plasticity. Moreover, highlighted increasingly relevant role played advanced neuroimaging technologies, including structural/functional magnetic resonance imaging, diffusion tensor arterial spin labelling, exploring link AD exercise. Regular exercise seems to have protective effect against inhibiting different implicated AD.

Language: Английский

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