Role of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Regulating Growth, Enhancing Productivity, and Potentially Influencing Ecosystems under Abiotic and Biotic Stresses

Plants, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(17), P. 3102 - 3102

Published: Aug. 29, 2023

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) form symbiotic relationships with the roots of nearly all land-dwelling plants, increasing growth and productivity, especially during abiotic stress. AMF improves plant development by improving nutrient acquisition, such as phosphorus, water, mineral uptake. tolerance resilience to stressors drought, salt, heavy metal toxicity. These benefits come from arbuscular interface, which lets fungal partners exchange nutrients, signalling molecules, protective chemical compounds. Plants' antioxidant defence systems, osmotic adjustment, hormone regulation are also affected infestation. responses promote performance, photosynthetic efficiency, biomass production in stress conditions. As a result its positive effects on soil structure, cycling, carbon sequestration, contributes maintenance resilient ecosystems. The AMFs ecological stability species- environment-specific. AMF's growth-regulating, productivity-enhancing role alleviation under is reviewed. More research needed understand molecular mechanisms that drive AMF-plant interactions their stresses. triggers plants' morphological, physiological, Water development, improved symbiosis. In colonization modulates defense mechanisms, hormonal regulation. circumstances. AMF-mediated enhanced essential oils (EOs), superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), ascorbate (APX), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA), phosphorus (P). Understanding how increases adaptation reduces will help sustain agriculture, ecosystem management, climate change mitigation. have gained prominence agriculture due multifaceted roles promoting health productivity. This review delves into influences absorption, challenging environmental We further explore extent bolsters

Language: Английский

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Microorganisms in Plant Growth and Development: Roles in Abiotic Stress Tolerance and Secondary Metabolites Secretion

Microorganisms, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10(8), P. 1528 - 1528

Published: July 28, 2022

Crops aimed at feeding an exponentially growing population are often exposed to a variety of harsh environmental factors. Although plants have evolved ways adjusting their metabolism and some also been engineered tolerate stressful environments, there is still shortage food supply. An alternative approach explore the possibility using rhizosphere microorganisms in mitigation abiotic stress hopefully improve production. Several studies shown that rhizobacteria mycorrhizae organisms can help tolerance by enhancing plant growth; stimulating production phytohormones, siderophores, solubilizing phosphates; lowering ethylene levels; upregulating expression dehydration response antioxidant genes. This article shows secretion secondary metabolites as additional mechanism employed against stress. The understanding these mechanisms will efficacy plant-growth-promoting microorganisms.

Language: Английский

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Routes to roots: direct evidence of water transport by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to host plants

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 236(1), P. 210 - 221

Published: May 28, 2022

Summary Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can help mitigate plant responses to water stress, but it is unclear whether AMF do so by indirect mechanisms, direct transport roots, or a combination of the two. Here, we investigated if and how Rhizophagus intraradices transported host Avena barbata , wild oat. We used two‐compartment microcosms, isotopically labeled water, fluorescent dye directly track quantify across an air gap plants. Plants grown with that had access physically separated compartment containing 18 O‐labeled transpired almost twice as much plants excluded from compartment. Using isotopic mixing model, estimated accounted for 34.6% In addition, indicated hyphae were able some via extracytoplasmic pathway. Our study provides evidence act extensions root system along soil–plant–air continuum movement, transpiration driving flow outside hyphal cell membrane.

Language: Английский

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The Role of Plant-Associated Bacteria, Fungi, and Viruses in Drought Stress Mitigation

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: Oct. 25, 2021

Drought stress is an alarming constraint to plant growth, development, and productivity worldwide. However, plant-associated bacteria, fungi, viruses can enhance resistance cope with the negative impacts of drought through induction various mechanisms, which involve biochemical physiological changes. These mechanisms include osmotic adjustment, antioxidant enzyme enhancement, modification in phytohormonal levels, biofilm production, increased water nutrient uptake as well gas exchange use efficiency. Production microbial volatile organic compounds (mVOCs) stress-responsive genes by microbes also play a crucial role acquisition tolerance. This review offers unique exploration microorganisms—plant growth promoting rhizobacteria mycorrhizae, viruses, their interactions—in microbiome (or phytobiome) whole modes action that mitigate stress.

Language: Английский

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The Role of Beneficial Microorganisms in Soil Quality and Plant Health

Sustainability, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(9), P. 5358 - 5358

Published: April 29, 2022

The practice of agriculture has always been a source food production. increase in the global population leads to improvements agriculture, increasing crop quality and yield. Plant growth results from interaction between roots their environment, which is soil or planting medium that provides structural support as well water nutrients plant. Therefore, good management necessary prevent problems will directly affect plant health. Integrated pragmatic approach production, includes integrated pest focusing on protection. Currently, there an extended idea many microorganisms, such fungi bacteria, are useful since they attractive eco-friendly alternatives mineral fertilizers chemical pesticides. microbes interact with plants supply crops, control phytopathogens stimulate growth. These actions have beneficial implications agriculture. Despite great benefits microorganisms use quite limited; however, recent years. This may be because more progress needed field applications. One most employed genera Bacillus it several mechanisms act biofertilizers biopesticides. In this review, role special emphasis genus, health discussed, highlighting advances topic.

Language: Английский

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Soil salinity and drought tolerance: An evaluation of plant growth, productivity, microbial diversity, and amelioration strategies

Plant Stress, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11, P. 100319 - 100319

Published: Dec. 10, 2023

Global climate change affects weather patterns, affecting soil salinity and drought tolerance. Crop resilience agriculture sustainability can be enhanced by exploring salinity, plant tolerance, microbial diversity, remediation techniques. This review examines the morpho-physiological, molecular, genetic mechanisms underlying adaptation to stress. It highlights their impact on growth, productivity, diversity. Diverse methods are investigated tackle stress, encompassing chemical, physical, biological approaches. Additionally, water-efficient agricultural practices drought-resistant crop varieties presented as ways increase tolerance these stresses. These implications for sustainable emphasize potential of findings optimize resource utilization, yield, promote environmental sustainability. The concludes discussing future research directions, particularly need more study into molecular basis plant-microbe interactions stress mechanisms. By advancing our knowledge in this field, we develop innovative solutions mitigate ensuring food security changing climates.

Language: Английский

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Current Studies of the Effects of Drought Stress on Root Exudates and Rhizosphere Microbiomes of Crop Plant Species

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(4), P. 2374 - 2374

Published: Feb. 21, 2022

With the warming global climate, drought stress is considered to be most important abiotic factor limiting plant growth and yield in world. Drought has serious impacts on crop production. Many researchers have studied influences of production physiology; however, few combined root exudates with root-associated microbiomes for their mutual effects under conditions. In this review, we systematically illustrate impact microbiomes, then discuss regulation host helping adapt drought. Finally, construct a framework connections between plant, exudates, microbiome. We hope review can provide some significant guidelines promote study resistance plants association rhizosphere microbiota.

Language: Английский

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The Function of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Associated with Drought Stress Resistance in Native Plants of Arid Desert Ecosystems: A Review

Diversity, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(3), P. 391 - 391

Published: March 8, 2023

Drought stress profoundly affects native desert plants’ survival and performance. Among all the abiotic stresses, drought is considered a major constraint that influences structure functions of ecosystems. Arid ecosystems are characterized by prolonged drought, extreme temperatures, high solar radiation, water scarcity, salinity, scarcity soil nutrients, poor structure. Such environments toughest regions on earth, which present enormous challenges in conserving plant survival, growth reproduction. Despite predominance these environmental conditions, species grow develop complex adaptation strategies resistance mechanisms to ameliorate biotic stresses including changes biochemical, physiological, morphological levels. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) form positive symbiotic associations with considerable percentage terrestrial plants as their host, induce distinct impacts protect from stresses. However, it necessary advance our understanding associated AMF-mediated other dark septate endophytes (DSE)-mediated amelioration biological adjustments such hormone balance, nutrient status, stomatal conductance osmotic adjustment, antioxidant activity, photosynthetic activity. This review provides an overview relationships mycorrhiza fungal involved tolerance, summarizing current knowledge presenting possible mediated AMF stimulate tolerance plants. We discuss research required fill gaps provide suggestions for future research.

Language: Английский

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Interactions between beneficial soil microorganisms (PGPR and AMF) and host plants for environmental restoration: A systematic review

Plant Stress, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11, P. 100391 - 100391

Published: Feb. 10, 2024

In response to mounting concerns over heavy metal contamination in soils, this review explores the potential of beneficial soil microorganisms, particularly Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF), as a sustainable solution. These microorganisms play pivotal role enhancing plant growth, development, resilience against stress. Effective phytoremediation strategies depend on selecting suitable families, including Fabaceae, Brassicaceae, Poaceae, known for their unique attributes that contribute mitigation. Utilizing microbes fostering plant-microbe interactions, commonly termed 'green technology,' offers compelling strategy address promote environmental restoration. AMF species like Glomus Rhizophagus, PGPR belonging Bacillus Pseudomonas, significantly enhance phytoremediation. The synergistic interaction between (AMF) represents significant advancement, especially metal-contaminated soils. This amplifies enhances resistance metals, holds promise restoration Future research should focus elucidating underlying mechanisms, optimizing synergies, translating findings into practical applications. Tailored, crop-specific approaches may revolutionize agriculture, considering long-term effects multi-stress tolerance.

Language: Английский

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The Invasive Mechanisms of the Noxious Alien Plant Species Bidens pilosa

Plants, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(3), P. 356 - 356

Published: Jan. 25, 2024

Bidens pilosa L. is native to tropical America and has widely naturized from warm temperate regions in Europe, Africa, Asia, Australia, North South America. The species infested a wide range of habitats such as grasslands, forests, wetlands, streamlines, coastal areas, pasture, plantations, agricultural fields, roadsides, railway sides become noxious invasive weed species. B. forms thick monospecific stands, quickly expands, threatens the indigenous plant crop production. It also involved pathogen transmission vector. was reported have (1) high growth ability, producing several generations year; (2) achene production rate; (3) different biotypes cypselae, differently germinating given time condition; (4) adaptative ability various environmental conditions; (5) an alter microbial community, including mutualism with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi; (6) defense functions against natural enemies allelopathy. produces potential allelochemicals palmitic acid, p-coumaric caffeic ferulic p-hydroxybenzoic vanillic salycilic quercetin, α-pinene, limonene compounds 1-phenylhepta-1,3,5-trine, 5-phenyl-2-(1-propynyl)-thiophene, 5-actoxy-2-phenylethinyl-thiophene, icthyothereol acetate. These characteristics may contribute naturalization invasiveness introduced ranges. This first review article focusing on mechanisms

Language: Английский

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