Sources, effects and present perspectives of heavy metals contamination: Soil, plants and human food chain

Heliyon, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 10(7), P. e28357 - e28357

Published: March 26, 2024

Heavy metal (HM) poisoning of agricultural soils poses a serious risk to plant life, human health, and the global food supply. When HM levels in get dangerous levels, it harms crop health yield. Chromium (Cr), arsenic (As), nickel (Ni), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu) are main heavy metals. The environment contains these metals varying degrees, such as soil, food, water, even air. These substances damage plants alter soil characteristics, which lowers Crop types, growing circumstances, elemental toxicity, developmental stage, physical chemical properties, presence bioavailability (HMs) solution some factors affecting amount toxicity crops. By interfering with normal structure function cellular components, HMs can impede various metabolic processes. Humans exposed numerous diseases by consuming affected products. Exposure certain harm kidneys, brain, intestines, lungs, liver, other organs body. This review assesses (1) contamination through different sources, like anthropogenic natural; (2) effect on microorganisms properties soil; (3) well production; (4) entering chain associated hazards health. Lastly, we identified research gaps suggested further study. If people want feel safe their surroundings, there needs be stringent regulation release into environment.

Language: Английский

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Mechanisms and Strategies of Plant Microbiome Interactions to Mitigate Abiotic Stresses

Agronomy, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(9), P. 2069 - 2069

Published: Aug. 30, 2022

Abiotic stresses are the most significant factors reducing agricultural productivity. Plants face extreme environmental conditions that may affect their biological mechanisms, thereby influencing growth and development. Microorganisms possess substantial metabolites aid in helping plants mitigate abiotic stresses. Plants’ interaction with microbes constitutes a diversified ecosystem, as sometimes both partners share mutualistic relationship. Endophytes, plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs), arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMFs) examples of microorganisms play an essential role alleviating and, hence, improving plant growth. The plant–microbe leads to modulation complex mechanisms cellular system. Moreover, residing microbial flora also inhibits phytopathogens, therefore, it becomes part plants’ innate defense Keeping view growing concerns, is important identify microbiome transportation nutrients maintain sustainable production. Furthermore, enabling recruit beneficial species how deal potential pathogens. Therefore, this review aims summarize impacts various stressors on productivity mitigating negative effects literature shows microbes, including PGPRs, AMFs, endophytes, adopt for ameliorating It has been observed biochar either individually or combination, can maintaining under stress conditions. Although conventional inoculation mitigates enhances productivity, advancement genetic engineering would help transfer specific genes from mitigation.

Language: Английский

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Fungi That Promote Plant Growth in the Rhizosphere Boost Crop Growth

Journal of Fungi, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 9(2), P. 239 - 239

Published: Feb. 10, 2023

The fungi species dwelling in the rhizosphere of crop plants, revealing functions that endeavor sustainability are commonly referred to as ‘plant-growth-promoting fungi’ (PGPF). They biotic inducers provide benefits and carry out important agricultural sustainability. problem encountered system nowadays is how meet population demand based on yield protection without putting environment human animal health at risk production. PGPF including Trichoderma spp., Gliocladium virens, Penicillium digitatum, Aspergillus flavus, Actinomucor elegans, Podospora bulbillosa, Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, etc., have proven their ecofriendly nature ameliorate production crops by improving growth shoots roots germination seeds, chlorophyll for photosynthesis, abundant crops. PGPF’s potential mode action follows: mineralization major minor elements required support plants’ productivity. In addition, produce phytohormones, induced resistance, defense-related enzymes inhibit or eradicate invasion pathogenic microbes, other words, help plants while encountering stress. This review portrays an effective bioagent facilitate promote production, plant growth, resistance disease invasion, various abiotic stresses.

Language: Английский

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From Nature to Lab: A Review of Secondary Metabolite Biosynthetic Pathways, Environmental Influences, and In Vitro Approaches

Metabolites, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(8), P. 895 - 895

Published: July 28, 2023

Secondary metabolites are gaining an increasing importance in various industries, such as pharmaceuticals, dyes, and food, is the need for reliable efficient methods of procuring these compounds. To develop sustainable cost-effective approaches, a comprehensive understanding biosynthetic pathways factors influencing secondary metabolite production essential. These compounds unique type natural product which recognizes oxidative damage caused by stresses, thereby activating defence mechanism plants. Various have been developed to enhance The elicitor-induced vitro culture technique considered tool studying improving In present review, we documented role under diverse environmental stresses. Furthermore, practical strategy obtaining consistent abundant via elicitation agents used culturing techniques also mentioned. By elucidating intricate interplay regulatory factors, this review paves way future advancements high-value metabolites.

Language: Английский

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Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR): A Rampart against the Adverse Effects of Drought Stress

Water, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(3), P. 418 - 418

Published: Jan. 19, 2023

Abiotic stress significantly limits plant growth and production. Drought, in particular, is a severe constraint that affects agricultural productivity on global scale. Water induces plants set of morpho-anatomical (modification root leaf structure), physiological, biochemical (relative water content, membrane stability, photosynthesis, hormonal balance, antioxidant systems, osmolyte accumulation) changes mainly employed to cope with the drought stress. These strategies allow overcome unfavorable period limited availability. Currently, promising alternative available improve tolerance under conditions. The use osmotolerant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) as inoculants can alleviate by increasing efficiency plant. PGPR drought, through morphology architecture system, production phytohormones, extracellular polysaccharides, ACC 1-(aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate) deaminase, volatile chemicals, accumulation. They may also enhance defense system induce transcriptional regulation response genes. This review addresses effects growth, adaptation, conditions discusses significant potential modulate physiological against scarcity, ensuring survival improving resistance crops.

Language: Английский

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Endophytic fungi: hidden treasure chest of antimicrobial metabolites interrelationship of endophytes and metabolites

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: July 11, 2023

Endophytic fungi comprise host-associated fungal communities which thrive within the tissues of host plants and produce a diverse range secondary metabolites with various bioactive attributes. The such as phenols, polyketides, saponins, alkaloids help to mitigate biotic abiotic stresses, fight against pathogen attacks enhance plant immune system. We present an overview association endophytic discuss molecular mechanisms induced during their symbiotic interaction. focuses on (especially those terpenoid nature) secreted by respective function. recent advancement in multi-omics approaches paved way for identification these characterization via comparative analysis extensive omics datasets. This study also elaborates role associated key agricultural crops hence important sustainability agriculture.

Language: Английский

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Unveiling the significance of rhizosphere: Implications for plant growth, stress response, and sustainable agriculture

Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 206, P. 108290 - 108290

Published: Dec. 22, 2023

In the rhizosphere, activities within all processes and functions are primarily influenced by plant roots, microorganisms present in interactions between roots microorganisms. The a dynamic zone surrounding provides an ideal environment for diverse microbial community, which significantly shapes growth development. Microbial activity rhizosphere can promote increasing nutrient availability, influencing hormonal signaling, repelling or outcompeting pathogenic strains. Understanding associations soil has potential to revolutionize crop yields, improve productivity, minimize reliance on chemical fertilizers, sustainable technologies. microbiome could play vital role next green revolution contribute eco-friendly agriculture. However, there still knowledge gaps concerning root-environment interactions, particularly regarding Advances metabolomics have helped understand communication plants biota, yet challenges persist. This article overview of latest advancements comprehending interplay microbes, been shown impact crucial factors such as growth, gene expression, absorption, pest disease resistance, alleviation abiotic stress. By improving these aspects, agriculture practices be implemented increase overall productivity ecosystems.

Language: Английский

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Functional Endophytes Regulating Plant Secondary Metabolism: Current Status, Prospects and Applications

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(2), P. 1153 - 1153

Published: Jan. 6, 2023

Endophytes, which are widely found in host plants and have no harmful effects, a vital biological resource. Plant endophytes promote plant growth enhance plants’ resistance to diseases, pests, environmental stresses. In addition, they the synthesis of important secondary metabolites improve potential applicability agriculture, medicine, food, horticulture. this review, we summarize recent progress understanding interaction between construction synthetic microbial communities (SynComs) metaomics analysis plants. The application development prospects other industries also discussed provide reference for further study utilization endophytes.

Language: Английский

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The Microbial Connection to Sustainable Agriculture

Plants, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(12), P. 2307 - 2307

Published: June 14, 2023

Microorganisms are an important element in modeling sustainable agriculture. Their role soil fertility and health is crucial maintaining plants' growth, development, yield. Further, microorganisms impact agriculture negatively through disease emerging diseases. Deciphering the extensive functionality structural diversity within plant-soil microbiome necessary to effectively deploy these organisms Although both plant have been studied over decades, efficiency of translating laboratory greenhouse findings field largely dependent on ability inoculants or beneficial colonize maintain stability ecosystem. its environment two variables that influence microbiome's structure. Thus, recent years, researchers looked into engineering would enable them modify microbial communities order increase effectiveness inoculants. The environments believed support resistance biotic abiotic stressors, fitness, productivity. Population characterization manipulation, as well identification potential biofertilizers biocontrol agents. Next-generation sequencing approaches identify culturable non-culturable microbes associated with expanded our knowledge this area. Additionally, genome editing multidisciplinary omics methods provided scientists a framework engineer dependable high yield, resistance, nutrient cycling, management stressors. In review, we present overview agriculture, engineering, translation technology field, main used by laboratories worldwide study microbiome. These initiatives advancement green technologies

Language: Английский

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Microbial regulation of plant secondary metabolites: Impact, mechanisms and prospects

Microbiological Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 283, P. 127688 - 127688

Published: March 8, 2024

Language: Английский

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