Reduced human disturbance increases diurnal activity in wolves, but not Eurasian lynx DOI Creative Commons
Adam F. Smith, Katharina Kasper, Lorenzo Lazzeri

et al.

Global Ecology and Conservation, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 53, P. e02985 - e02985

Published: May 15, 2024

Wildlife in the Anthropocene is increasingly constrained both spatially and temporally by lethal non-lethal human disturbance. For large carnivores with extensive space requirements, like wolves Eurasian lynx, avoiding disturbance European landscapes challenging when sufficient low rarely available. Consequently, investigating behavioural adjustments to presence critical understanding capacity adapt We hypothesised that under conditions, would adjust their temporal behaviours make use of daytime, daytime high, they opt for nocturnality. Using camera trap data from nine study sites along a gradient disturbance, we analysed wolf lynx nocturnality diel activity patterns. Our spanned multiple years 2014 – 2022, focused analysis on September until April, most carnivore monitoring takes place. wolves, our revealed i) increased nocturnal activity, ii) decreased diurnal overlap iii) significant association between probability increasing found iv) consistently across all sites, regardless v) no be active during night. results show can or cathemeral but quickly shift increases. however, maintain behaviour, which attribute principal hunting strategy stalk ambush. If constrains nighttime, it could lead changes interactions prey. On other hand, maintaining human-dominated may beneficial conservation, decreasing thereby contributing landscape coexistence.

Language: Английский

Human disturbance is the most limiting factor driving habitat selection of a large carnivore throughout Continental Europe DOI
Lucia Ripari, Joe Premier, Elisa Belotti

et al.

Biological Conservation, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 266, P. 109446 - 109446

Published: Jan. 10, 2022

Language: Английский

Citations

45
Large carnivore response to human road use suggests a landscape of coexistence DOI Creative Commons
Todd M. Kautz, Nicholas L. Fowler, Tyler R. Petroelje

et al.

Global Ecology and Conservation, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 30, P. e01772 - e01772

Published: Aug. 24, 2021

Coexistence between humans and large carnivores may depend on carnivore adaptations to use developed landscapes while reducing human encounters. Roads are a widespread form of development that perceive as efficient travel routes or centers activity associated risk. We compared the spatio-temporal responses road with high-resolution tracking guild including American black bears (Ursus americanus), bobcats (Lynx rufus), coyotes (Canis latrans), wolves (C. lupus) in Michigan, USA. All selected for roads when traveling at night but avoided during day was greatest. Human explained 90% temporal variation across species, 3.2–3.7-fold increase times low which reduced overlap by 27–42%. Similar less pronounced changes occurred areas up 500 m from roads. Bears increased nocturnal more their home range, not coyotes. Despite diurnal farther roads, among high regardless proximity. Our results suggest were similar emphasized avoidance over other species. Further, we provide support can be diurnally active avoiding using However, primarily (e.g., bears) have strong proclivity wolves) likely require greater behavioral avoid humans. Behavioral allowing multiple species cross encouraging human-carnivore coexistence.

Language: Английский

Citations

35
Spatiotemporal Patterns of Wolves, and Sympatric Predators and Prey Relative to Human Disturbance in Northwestern Greece DOI Creative Commons
Maria Petridou, John F. Benson, Olivier Giménez

et al.

Diversity, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(2), P. 184 - 184

Published: Jan. 28, 2023

In an era of increasing human pressure on nature, understanding the spatiotemporal patterns wildlife relative to disturbance can inform conservation efforts, especially for large carnivores. We examined temporal activity and spatial wolves eight sympatric mammals at 71 camera trap stations in Greece. Grey temporally overlapped most with wild boars (Δ = 0.84) medium-sized > 0.75), moderately brown bears 0.70), least roe deer 0.46). All were mainly nocturnal exhibited low overlap (humans, vehicles, livestock, dogs; Δ 0.18–0.36), apart from deer, which more diurnal 0.80). Six out nine species increased their nocturnality sites high disturbance, particularly wolves. The detection was negatively associated paved roads, dogs. bears, boars, foxes closer settlements. Our study has applied implications wolf human–wildlife coexistence.

Language: Английский

Citations

15
Carcass provisioning and intra-guild risk avoidance between two sympatric large carnivores DOI Creative Commons
Kristoffer Nordli, Zea Walton, Ane Eriksen

et al.

Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 78(2)

Published: Jan. 30, 2024

Abstract Apex carnivores that rely primarily on predation play a central but complex role within scavenging ecology by potentially suppressing intra-guild competitors, also facilitating them providing reliable supply of carrion. We investigated the competitive relationship between sympatric wolves ( Canis lupus ) and wolverines Gulo gulo in Norway across three seasons. deployed remote cameras at fresh wolf kills n = 29) built Bayesian generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs) to explore use wolf-killed prey wolverines. Our results showed facilitated opportunities. Biomass available from was influenced seasonal preference group size. Wolverines visited 100% fall winter, whereas only 18% summer. found 3.6 6.7 times more often than single groups revisited their kills, spent 10 25 as much time carcasses compared wolves. Thus, played an important depletion prey, with potential effects behavior other guild members. Understanding how globally threatened top predators may function key species processes is conservation this have community-wide cascading support ecosystem functions services. Significance statement Large serve through suppression facilitation intraguild competitors. The wolf, apex obligate predator, can provide carrion, resource facultative scavengers. However, while helps mitigate limited for scavengers, it increase exposure competition predation. Across seasons, we explored findings reveal facilitate opportunities, where biomass wolves’ Wolverines, like wolves, utilized heavily during when increased access food wolverine reproductive rates. exhibited caching behavior, possibly reducing interspecific competition, serving carrion biomass.

Language: Английский

Citations

5
Human presence and infrastructure impact wildlife nocturnality differently across an assemblage of mammalian species DOI Creative Commons
Michael Procko, Robin Naidoo,

Valerie LeMay

et al.

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 18(5), P. e0286131 - e0286131

Published: May 25, 2023

Wildlife species may shift towards more nocturnal behavior in areas of higher human influence, but it is unclear how consistent this might be. We investigated humans impact large mammal diel activities a heavily recreated protected area and an adjacent university-managed forest southwest British Columbia, Canada. used camera trap detections wildlife, along with data on land-use infrastructure (e.g., recreation trails restricted-access roads), Bayesian regression models to investigate impacts disturbance wildlife nocturnality. found moderate evidence that black bears ( Ursus americanus ) were response (mean posterior estimate = 0.35, 90% credible interval 0.04 0.65), no other clear relationships between nocturnality detections. However, we coyotes Canis latrans (estimates 0.81, 95% CI 0.46 1.17) snowshoe hares Lepus (estimate -0.87, -1.29 -0.46) less trail density. also cougars Puma concolor -1.14, -2.16 -0.12) greater road Furthermore, coyotes, black-tailed deer Odocoileus hemionus ), moderately near urban-wildland boundaries CIs: coyote -0.29, -0.55 -0.04, -0.25, -0.45 hare -0.24, -0.46 -0.01). Our findings imply anthropogenic landscape features influence medium large-sized than direct presence. While increased be promising mechanism for human-wildlife coexistence, shifts temporal activity can have negative repercussions warranting further research into the causes consequences responses increasingly human-dominated landscapes.

Language: Английский

Citations

11
Bottom‐up rather than top‐down mechanisms determine mesocarnivore interactions in Norway DOI Creative Commons
Rocío Cano‐Martínez, Neri Horntvedt Thorsen, Tim R. Hofmeester

et al.

Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(3)

Published: March 1, 2024

Interactions among coexisting mesocarnivores can be influenced by different factors such as the presence of large carnivores, land-use, environmental productivity, or human disturbance. Disentangling relative importance bottom-up and top-down processes challenging, but it is important for biodiversity conservation wildlife management. The aim this study was to assess how interactions (red fox

Language: Английский

Citations

4
Distribution, diel activity patterns and human-bear interactions of the Himalayan brown bear (Ursus arctos isabellinus) in the Deosai National Park, Pakistan DOI

Tosif Fida,

Faizan Ahmad, Luciano Bosso

et al.

Mammal Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Sept. 7, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

4
Adapting to Change: A Wetland-Specialist Carnivore Selects Anthropogenic Features in a Human-Dominated Wetland DOI
Laurel E. K. Serieys, Supawat Khaewphakdee,

Wiroon Mongkonsin

et al.

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Wetlands are among the most diverse and productive ecosystems globally, playing a critical role in supporting biodiversity regulating hydrology. However, they increasingly threatened by expansion of aquaculture, agriculture, urbanization. Carnivores sensitive to human disturbances, often adapting altering their spatial temporal behaviors. some smaller, generalist carnivores not only persist altered landscapes but may even thrive human-dominated landscapes. This study examines habitat selection fishing cats (Prionailurus viverrinus), wetland-specialist carnivore, an area fragmented shrimp ponds, abandoned aquacultural agriculture. We used integrated step functions analyze movement-based 13 resource examine resting-based 9 cats. Results indicate that overall, while moving, selected for low elevations avoiding agricultural areas villages. While resting, ponds also agriculture found few differences between males females. Our findings highlight importance examining behaviorally explicit demonstrating resilience this wetland specialist types anthropogenic landscape change. Encouraging local landowners let naturally revegetate could provide essential refuges wildlife. Incentives conservation strategy would support persistence

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Species recovery as a half empty process: the case against ignoring social ecology for gray wolf recovery DOI
Bridgett M. vonHoldt, Daniel T. Blumstein, Joël Berger

et al.

BioScience, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 22, 2025

Abstract The criteria used to assess recovery under the US Endangered Species Act (ESA) often fall short when considering social, group-living species. To illustrate this, we use recent insights on sociality in gray wolves highlight how such definitional failures implementing ESA limit efficacy of efforts for species with complex societal arrays. loss conspecifics social has an enhanced impact demographic viability that is not captured by estimates population abundance. reproductive skew reduces effective size and exacerbates threats genetic health populations. For as wolves, it critical regulations consider guidelines. Biological processes include behavior group structure need be more fully considered effectively reflect biological reality. Until policy language incorporates these considerations, try protect will lose.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Residential development reduces black bear (Ursus americanus) opportunity to scavenge cougar (Puma concolor) killed prey DOI Creative Commons
Clint W. Robins, Brian N. Kertson, Shannon Kachel

et al.

Ecology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 106(2)

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

Abstract Large carnivores commonly scavenge on kills made by other species, but if and how this phenomenon is influenced urbanization remains unclear. To address knowledge deficit, we investigated whether housing density, along with demographic environmental covariates, impacted the probability of American black bear ( Ursus americanus ) occurrence at cougar Puma concolor killed prey wildland–urban gradient western Washington, USA. Under refuge hypothesis, which stipulates that residential development reduces opportunities for bears to visit carcasses (1) altering kill composition and/or (2) drawing human subsidies, expected presence decline as density increased. Alternatively, under pileup hypothesis whereby reduced green space drives a greater overlap thus more frequent interactions among carnivores, predicted would increase density. Occupancy models derived from forensic remote camera evidence visitation sites identified 12 GPS‐collared cougars indicated decreased when foraged small‐bodied prey, increased in summer compared autumn, declined increasing Indeed, top model multiplicative decrease 500 odds carcass every additional house per hectare landscape, supporting hypothesis. These results suggest has potential alter intraguild relationships large even modest levels where robust carnivore populations persist may scavenger dynamics virtually eliminated.

Language: Английский

Citations

0