Liquid Biopsy in Prostate Cancer Management—Current Challenges and Future Perspectives

Cancers, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(13), P. 3272 - 3272

Published: July 4, 2022

Although appreciable attempts in screening and diagnostic approaches have been achieved, prostate cancer (PCa) remains a widespread malignancy, representing the second leading cause of cancer-related death men. Drugs currently used PCa therapy initially show potent anti-tumor effect, but frequently induce resistance progresses toward metastatic castration-resistant forms (mCRPC), virtually incurable. Liquid biopsy has emerged as an attractive promising strategy complementary to invasive tissue guide diagnosis treatment. shows ability represent tumor microenvironment, allow comprehensive information follow-up progression tumor, enabling development different treatment strategies well permitting monitoring response. biopsy, indeed, is endowed with significant potential modify management. Several blood biomarkers could be analyzed for diagnostic, prognostic predictive purposes, including circulating cells (CTCs), extracellular vesicles (EVs), DNA (ctDNA) RNA (ctRNA). In addition, several other body fluids may adopted (i.e., urine, sperm, etc.) beyond blood. This review dissects recent advancements future perspectives liquid biopsies, highlighting their strength weaknesses

Language: Английский

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Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors as a Neoadjuvant/Adjuvant Treatment of Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer: A Systematic Review

Cancers, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(10), P. 2545 - 2545

Published: May 21, 2022

Bladder cancer is the ninth most common worldwide. Over 75% of non-muscle invasive patients require conservative local treatment, while remaining 25% undergo radical cystectomy or radiotherapy. Immune checkpoint inhibitors represent a novel class immunotherapy drugs that restore natural antitumoral immune activity via blockage inhibitory receptors and ligands expressed on antigen-presenting cells, T lymphocytes tumour cells. The use in bladder has been expanded from neoadjuvant setting, i.e., after cystectomy, to adjuvant before operative time chemotherapy, order improve overall survival reduce morbidity mortality both disease its treatment. However, some do not respond inhibitors. As result, capability for identifying are eligible this one efforts ongoing studies. aim systematic review summarize recent evidence regarding inhibitors, treatment muscle-invasive cancer.

Language: Английский

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Bladder Cancer and Risk Factors: Data from a Multi-Institutional Long-Term Analysis on Cardiovascular Disease and Cancer Incidence

Journal of Personalized Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(3), P. 512 - 512

Published: March 13, 2023

Background: Bladder cancer (BCa) is a heterogeneous disease with variable prognosis and natural history. Cardiovascular (CVD), although completely different, has several similarities possible interactions cancer. The association between them still unknown, but common risk factors the two suggest shared biology. Materials Methods: This was retrospective study that included patients who underwent transurethral resection of bladder tumor at high-volume institutions. Depending on presence previous history CVD or not, were divided into groups. Results: A total 2050 included, 1638 (81.3%) diagnosed Regarding comorbidities, most hypertension (59.9%), cardiovascular (23.4%) diabetes (22.4%). At univariate analysis, independent for age male sex, while protective cessation smoking CVD. All these results, except ex-smoker status, confirmed multivariate analysis. Another analysis performed high-risk and, in this case, role not statistically significant. Conclusions: Our pointed out positive BCa incidence; an factor BCa. effect tumors. Several biological genomics mechanisms clearly contribute to onset both diseases, suggesting pathway highlighting complex interplay treatment can involve different drugs incidence, but, date, findings are inconclusive.

Language: Английский

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The Impact of Meat Intake on Bladder Cancer Incidence: Is It Really a Relevant Risk?

Cancers, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(19), P. 4775 - 4775

Published: Sept. 29, 2022

Bladder cancer (BC) represents the second most common genitourinary malignancy. The major risk factors for BC include age, gender, smoking, occupational exposure, and infections. etiology pathogenesis have not been fully defined yet. Since catabolites are excreted through urinary tract, diet may play a pivotal role in bladder carcinogenesis. Meat, conventionally classified as “red”, “white” or “processed”, significant factor chronic diseases like cardiovascular disease, obesity, type 2 diabetes, cancer. In particular, red processed meat consumption seems to increase of onset. accepted mechanism proposed explaining correlation between intake involves generation carcinogens, such heterocyclic amines polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by high-temperature cooking. This evidence claims limitation meat. We reviewed current literature on potential biological mechanisms underlying impact (red, white, processed) increased development progression. Toward this purpose, we performed an online search PubMed using term “bladder cancer” combination with “meat”, “red meat”, “white meat” “processed meat”. Although some studies did report any association intake, several reports highlighted positive especially salami, pastrami, corned beef bacon, risk. speculate that reduction rather weighting can reduce developing BC. Obviously, remark future indications regarding food education (type be preferred, quantity eaten how cook it) Further well-designed prospective needed corroborate these findings.

Language: Английский

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Advances in Urinary Diversion: From Cutaneous Ureterostomy to Orthotopic Neobladder Reconstruction—A Comprehensive Review

Journal of Personalized Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(4), P. 392 - 392

Published: April 8, 2024

Bladder cancer ranks as the 10th most prevalent globally with an increasing incidence. Radical cystectomy combined urinary diversion represents standard treatment for muscle-invasive bladder cancer, offering a range of techniques tailored to patient factors. Overall, diversions are divided into non-continent and continent. Among first category, cutaneous ureterostomy ileal conduit represent common procedures while in second it could be possible describe another subclassification which includes ureterosigmoidostomy, continent requiring catheterization orthotopic voiding pouches neobladders. In this comprehensive review, described their technical aspects, providing summary almost all alternatives post-radical cystectomy.

Language: Английский

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Preoperative Fibrinogen-to-Albumin Ratio as Potential Predictor of Bladder Cancer: A Monocentric Retrospective Study

Medicina, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 58(10), P. 1490 - 1490

Published: Oct. 19, 2022

Background and objective: Fibrinogen albumin are two proteins widely used, singularly in combination, cancer patients as biomarkers of nutritional status, inflammation disease prognosis. The aim our study was to investigate the preoperative fibrinogen-to-albumin ratio (FAR) a predictor malignancy well advanced grade with bladder cancer. Materials Methods: A retrospective analysis who underwent TURBT at institution between 2017 2021 conducted. FAR obtained from venous blood samples performed within 30 days scheduled surgery analyzed relation histopathological reports, presence malignancy. Statistical using Kruskal–Wallis Test, univariate multivariate logistic regression analysis, assuming p < 0.05 be statistically significant. Results: total 510 were included (81% male, 19% female), mean age 71.66 ± 11.64 years. significantly higher low-grade high-grade cancer, values 80.71 23.15 84.93 29.96, respectively, compared without (75.50 24.81) (p = 0.006). Univariate reported irrelevant when considered continuous variable (OR 1.013, 95% CI 1.004–1.022; 0.004), while categorical variable, utilizing cut-off set 76, OR 2.062 (95% 1.378–3.084; 0.0001). Nevertheless, data not confirmed analysis. Conclusions: Elevated is potential Further required suggest promising role diagnostic biomarker for tumors.

Language: Английский

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Serum High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Concentrations in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma and Its Association With Histological Grade in a Chinese Population

Cancer Control, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 32

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Background Serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) may influence cancer development. However, its relationship with the histological grade of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is not well understood. This study aims to explore potential associations between serum HDL-c levels and different grades PDAC. Methods retrospective included 181 patients pathologically confirmed PDAC who underwent radical surgery. Clinical data, blood biochemical results, imaging features, pathological details were collected, such as age, gender, diabetes, hypertension, tumor grade, size location, (HDL-c), low-density (LDL), total (TC), triglycerides (TG), carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9), carcinoembryonic (CEA). Results Patients high-grade had significantly lower compared those low-grade across both training validation cohorts ( P < 0.05). Significant found in 0.001) = 0.044) groups. Moreover, inversely related lymph node metastasis 0.012) sets. Conclusions Lower are associated metastasis, suggesting that play a protective role progression

Language: Английский

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Triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein ratio as a predictor for insulin resistance in a sample of healthy Iraqi adults

Journal of Medicine and Life, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 16(5), P. 668 - 674

Published: May 1, 2023

Insulin resistance (IR) is a common pathophysiological condition associated with many metabolic diseases, including obesity, prediabetes, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and cardiovascular disease.The widely used homeostasis model assessment for IR (HOMA-IR) usually to estimate IR.However, this cannot be screening due several logistic difficulties, such as costs insulin instability, which are essential measurement.Thus, finding feasible alternatives of paramount importance.This study aimed evaluate the value triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (TG/HDL-c) ratio in predicting healthy adult individuals.The involved 83 euglycemic non-diabetic adults (≥45 years old).Lipid profile, fasting insulin, blood sugar (FBS), glycated hemoglobin were measured all participants.The TG/HDL-c was calculated by dividing TG HDL.Insulin using HOMA-IR formula.The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve predictive ratio.The prevalence among Iraqis 28.92%.Subjects group showed higher TG/HDL than insulin-sensitive (3.69±0.68versus 2.71±1.0)with significant difference.The area under (AUC) 0.849, 95% CI= 0.763-0.935,p<0.002.The sensitivity specificity test 83% 81%, respectively, at best cut-off 3.1 (TG/HDL ratio).The 28.92%.Triglyceride/HDL-c had very good IR.

Language: Английский

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Association between fatty liver index and blood coagulation markers: a population-based study

Lipids in Health and Disease, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 22(1)

Published: June 29, 2023

Population-based studies investigating the association between blood coagulation markers and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are rare. Thus, we aimed to investigate relationship Fatty Liver Index (FLI) as a measure of hepatic steatosis plasma concentrations antithrombin III, D-dimer, fibrinogen D, protein C, S, factor VIII, activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), quick value international (INR) in general population.After exclusion participants with anticoagulative treatment, 776 (420 women 356 men, aged 54-74 years) population-based KORA Fit study analytic data on hemostatic factors were included present analysis. Linear regression models used explore associations FLI markers, adjusted for sex, age, alcohol consumption, education, smoking status, physical activity. In second model, additional adjustments made history stroke, hypertension, myocardial infarction, serum non-HDL cholesterol levels, diabetes status. addition, analyses stratified by status.In multivariable (with or without health conditions), significantly positive obtained D-dimers, value, while INR III inversely associated. These weaker pre-diabetic subjects largely disappeared diabetic patients.In this study, an increased is clearly related changes system, possibly increasing risk thrombotic events. Due generally more pro-coagulative profile factors, such not visible subjects.

Language: Английский

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The association between serum lipid levels and histological type of breast cancer

European journal of medical research, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 27(1)

Published: Aug. 19, 2022

Studies have investigated the association between serum lipids level or apolipoprotein levels and breast cancer (BC) risk. However, relationship histological type of remains unclear. This study was aimed to explore BC, particularly estrogen receptor (ER) progesterone (PR) positive BC. 220 cases pathology-confirmed BC were retrospectively collected in this study. Patients' demographic information, clinical data, pathological features obtained from medical records. Serum including high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-c), low-density (LDL-c), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), A (ApoA), ApoB, ApoE lipoprotein a(LP(a)) before treatment. Logistic regression analyses used show subtypes Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves generated analyze predictive performance. There 70 ER-negative 73 PR-negative Patients with had higher HDL-c, LDL-c, LP(a) than those ER-positive one (p < 0.05). more likely high LDL-c patients PR-positive Multivariate logistic analysis showed that HDL-c (odds ratio (OR): 0.27, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.10-0.76), (OR: 0.19, 95%CI 0.04-0.93) 0.23,95%CI 0.07-0.80) negatively associated significantly 0.32, 0.12-0.82; OR: 0.14, 0.03-0.77). In addition, ER PR (OR = 0.39, CI 0.17-0.91; OR 0.22, 0.06-0.85) after adjusting confounders. 0.13, 0.02-0.87) still independently postmenopausal women. The area under (AUCs) identify 0.65 (95%CI 0.58-0.73, P 0.01), 0.62 0.54-0.69, 0.01) 0.64 0.56-0.72, respectively. related Lipid may also acceptable performance identifying type.

Language: Английский

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