Journal of Health and Allied Sciences NU,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
13(02)
Published: April 1, 2023
Photon-counting
computed
tomography
(CT)
is
a
new
technique
that
has
the
potential
to
revolutionize
clinical
CT
and
predicted
be
next
significant
advancement.In
recent
years,
tremendous
research
been
conducted
demonstrate
developments
in
hardware
assembly
its
working
principles.The
articles
this
review
were
obtained
by
conducting
search
of
MEDLINE
database.Photon-counting
detectors
(PCDs)
provide
excellent
quality
diagnostic
images
with
high
spatial
resolution,
reduced
noise,
artifacts,
increased
contrast-to-noise
ratio,
multienergy
data
acquisition
as
compared
conventionally
used
energy-integrating
detector
(EID).The
covered
published
between
2011
2021.The
title
abstract
each
article
reviewed
determined
strategy.From
these,
eligible
studies
provided
application
PCDs
selected.This
aims
systematic
basic
principles
PCDs,
emphasize
uses
applications
compare
it
EIDs.It
provides
nonmathematical
explanation
understanding
photon-counting
systems
for
radiologists
well
clinicians.
Electronics,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
11(3), P. 305 - 305
Published: Jan. 19, 2022
Diffuse
optical
tomography
using
deep
learning
is
an
emerging
technology
that
has
found
impressive
medical
diagnostic
applications.
However,
creating
imaging
system
uses
visible
and
near-infrared
(NIR)
light
not
straightforward
due
to
photon
absorption
multi-scattering
by
tissues.
The
high
distortion
levels
caused
these
effects
make
the
image
reconstruction
incredibly
challenging.
To
overcome
challenges,
various
techniques
have
been
proposed
in
past,
with
varying
success.
One
of
most
successful
application
algorithms
diffuse
tomography.
This
article
discusses
current
state-of-the-art
systems
comprehensively
reviews
used
reconstruction.
attempts
provide
researchers
necessary
background
tools
implement
methods
solve
Applied Physics Letters,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
120(24)
Published: June 13, 2022
Because
of
its
excellent
opto-electronic
properties,
CdZnTe
(CZT)
has
been
the
material
choice
for
x-
and
gamma-ray
detectors
operable
at
room
temperature.
CZT
is
leading
commercially
available
room-temperature
radiation
detector
today.
Although
much
progress
made
over
past
three
decades,
today's
crystals
still
face
certain
challenges,
especially
presence
performance-limiting
materials
defects
associated
relatively
high
production
cost.
In
this
regard,
CdxZn1−xTeySe1−y
(CZTS)
emerging
as
a
next-generation
compound
semiconductor,
which
overcomes
some
limitations
technology
stated
applications.
Here,
we
conducted
study
to
evaluate
crystalline
quality
traveling
heater
method
grown
CZTS
with
an
optimized
alloy
composition,
i.e.,
Cd0.9Zn0.1Te0.98Se0.02.
The
as-grown
samples
were
evaluated
by
low-temperature
photoluminescence
(PL)
spectroscopy
high-resolution
x-ray
diffraction
using
synchrotron
light
source
Brookhaven
National
Laboratory.
full
width
half
maximum
both
PL
rocking
curves
was
observed
be
broadened
due
lattice
disorder
quaternary
compound,
eventually
degrading
quality.
This
consistent
density
functional
theory
calculations.
Sensors,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
24(19), P. 6251 - 6251
Published: Sept. 26, 2024
Medical
imaging
instrumentation
design
and
construction
is
based
on
radiation
sources
detectors/sensors.
This
review
focuses
the
detectors
sensors
of
medical
systems.
These
systems
are
subdivided
into
various
categories
depending
their
structure,
type
they
capture,
how
measured,
images
formed,
goals
serve.
Related
to
goals,
fall
two
major
areas:
(i)
anatomical
imaging,
which
mainly
concerns
techniques
diagnostic
radiology,
(ii)
functional-molecular
nuclear
medicine.
An
important
parameter
in
evaluation
combination
quality
result
offer
burden
patient
with
dose.
The
latter
has
be
minimized;
thus,
input
signal
(radiation
photon
flux)
must
kept
at
low
levels.
For
this
reason,
detective
quantum
efficiency
(DQE),
expressing
signal-to-noise
ratio
transfer
through
an
system,
primary
importance.
In
image
better
than
medicine;
however,
most
cases,
dose
higher.
On
other
hand,
medicine
detection
functional
findings
not
accurate
spatial
determination
data.
Detectors
integrated
projection
or
tomographic
use
scintillators
optical
sensors,
photoconductors,
semiconductors.
Analysis
modeling
such
can
performed
employing
theoretical
models
developed
framework
cascaded
linear
analysis
(LCSA),
as
well
within
theory
(SDT)
information
theory.
Sensors,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
22(5), P. 1741 - 1741
Published: Feb. 23, 2022
Improvements
in
transmission
and
reception
sensitivities
of
radiofrequency
(RF)
coils
used
ultra-high
field
(UHF)
magnetic
resonance
imaging
(MRI)
are
needed
to
reduce
specific
absorption
rates
(SAR)
RF
power
deposition,
albeit
without
applying
high-power
RF.
Here,
we
propose
a
method
simultaneously
improve
efficiency
sensitivity
band-pass
birdcage
coil
(BP-BC
coil)
by
combining
multi-channel
wireless
element
(MCWE)
with
high
permittivity
material
(HPM)
7.0
T
MRI.
Electromagnetic
(EM-field)
simulations,
performed
using
two
types
phantoms,
viz.,
cylindrical
phantom
filled
oil
human
head
model,
were
compare
the
effects
MCWE
HPM
on
BP-BC
coils.
EM-fields
calculated
finite
difference
time-domain
(FDTD)
analyzed
Matlab
software.
Next,
efficiency,
compared
structures,
namely,
hollow
cylinder
shape
(hcHPM)
segmented
(scHPM).
The
scHPM
model
comprised
16
elements
(16-rad
this
configuration
demonstrated
superior
along
an
acceptable
SAR.
We
expect
wider
clinical
application
combination
MRIs,
which
recently
approved
United
States
Food
Drug
Administration.
Journal of Health and Allied Sciences NU,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
13(02), P. 147 - 152
Published: July 4, 2022
Abstract
Photon-counting
computed
tomography
(CT)
is
a
new
technique
that
has
the
potential
to
revolutionize
clinical
CT
and
predicted
be
next
significant
advancement.
In
recent
years,
tremendous
research
been
conducted
demonstrate
developments
in
hardware
assembly
its
working
principles.
The
articles
this
review
were
obtained
by
conducting
search
of
MEDLINE
database.
detectors
(PCDs)
provide
excellent
quality
diagnostic
images
with
high
spatial
resolution,
reduced
noise,
artifacts,
increased
contrast-to-noise
ratio,
multienergy
data
acquisition
as
compared
conventionally
used
energy-integrating
detector
(EID).
covered
published
between
2011
2021.
title
abstract
each
article
reviewed
determined
strategy.
From
these,
eligible
studies
provided
application
PCDs
selected.
This
aims
systematic
basic
principles
PCDs,
emphasize
uses
applications
compare
it
EIDs.
It
provides
nonmathematical
explanation
understanding
photon-counting
systems
for
radiologists
well
clinicians.
Abstract
Conventional
scintillator‐based
X‐ray
imaging
typically
captures
the
full
spectral
of
photons
without
distinguishing
their
energy.
However,
absence
information
often
results
in
insufficient
image
contrast,
particularly
for
substances
possessing
similar
atomic
numbers
and
densities.
In
this
study,
an
innovative
multi‐energy
linear‐array
detector
is
presented
that
leverages
side‐illuminated
scintillation
using
emerging
metal
halide
Cs
3
Cu
2
I
5
.
The
negligible
self‐absorption
characteristic
not
only
improves
output
but
also
beneficial
improving
energy
resolution
scenarios.
By
exploiting
Beer's
law,
which
governs
absorption
with
different
energies,
incident
can
be
reconstructed
by
analyzing
distribution
intensity
when
scintillator
illuminated
from
side.
relative
error
between
measured
<
5.63%.
This
method
offers
additional
energy‐resolving
capability
detectors
commonly
used
computed
tomography
(CT)
setups,
surpassing
capabilities
conventional
energy‐integration
approaches,
all
requiring
extra
hardware
components.
A
proof‐of‐concept
CT
system
featuring
eight
channels
successfully
implemented.
study
presents
a
simple
efficient
strategy
achieving
detection
based
on
halides.
Instruments,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
6(4), P. 69 - 69
Published: Oct. 26, 2022
Nuclear
detectors
for
x-ray
and
gamma-ray
spectroscopy
imaging
are
a
vital
tool
in
many
homeland
security,
medical
imaging,
astrophysics
other
applications.
Most
of
these
applications
require
room-temperature
operation
due
to
the
operational
constraints
imposed
by
cryogenic
cooling
system.
CdZnTe
(CZT)
has
been
main
material
with
desired
detection
properties,
CZT
crystals
have
used
commercially
three
decades.
However,
still
suffers
from
long-standing
issues
high
densities
performance-limiting
intrinsic
defects
such
as
Te
inclusions
networks
dislocation
walls
(sub-grain
boundaries).
A
recently
invented
new
quaternary
CdZnTeSe
showed
excellent
properties
radiation
detection.
The
was
found
be
free
networks,
possess
reduced
inclusions,
better
compositional
homogeneity.
Virtual
Frisch
grid
were
fabricated
taken
ingot
that
grown
traveling
heater
method.
an
as-grown
ingot,
bypassing
post-growth
annealing
process
commonly
practiced
industrial-grade
CZT.
performances
studied
different
lengths
using
amplifier
shaping
time
ranging
1–6
µs.
high-quality
spectroscopic
performance
as-measured
energy
resolution
~1.1%
at
662
keV
optimum
length
3
mm.
charge
collection
observed
enhance
longer
grids.
Sensors,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
22(22), P. 8968 - 8968
Published: Nov. 19, 2022
In
ultrahigh-field
(UHF)
magnetic
resonance
imaging
(MRI)
system,
the
RF
power
required
to
excite
nuclei
of
target
object
increases.
As
strength
main
field
(B0
field)
increases,
improvement
transmit
(B1+
efficiency
and
receive
(B1-
sensitivity
radio-frequency
(RF)
coils
is
essential
reduce
their
specific
absorption
rate
deposition
in
UHF
MRI.
To
address
these
problems,
we
previously
proposed
a
method
simultaneously
improve
B1+
B1-
16-leg
bandpass
birdcage
(BP-BC
coils)
by
combining
multichannel
wireless
element
(MCWE)
segmented
cylindrical
high-permittivity
material
(scHPM)
comprising
16
elements
7.0
T
this
work,
further
improved
performance
transmit/receive
coils.
A
new
combination
coil
with
HPM
was
comparing
BP-BC
MCWE
scHPM
previous
study
coil-type
(BCWE)
study.
The
16-ch
BCWE
provided
excellent
improvement.
