A Comprehensive Review of Cyber Security Vulnerabilities, Threats, Attacks, and Solutions

Electronics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(6), P. 1333 - 1333

Published: March 11, 2023

Internet usage has grown exponentially, with individuals and companies performing multiple daily transactions in cyberspace rather than the real world. The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic accelerated this process. As a result of widespread digital environment, traditional crimes have also shifted to space. Emerging technologies such as cloud computing, Things (IoT), social media, wireless communication, cryptocurrencies are raising security concerns cyberspace. Recently, cyber criminals started use attacks service automate leverage their impact. Attackers exploit vulnerabilities that exist hardware, software, communication layers. Various types include distributed denial (DDoS), phishing, man-in-the-middle, password, remote, privilege escalation, malware. Due new-generation evasion techniques, protection systems firewalls, intrusion detection systems, antivirus access control lists, etc., no longer effective detecting these sophisticated attacks. Therefore, there is an urgent need find innovative more feasible solutions prevent paper first extensively explains main reasons for Then, it reviews most recent attacks, attack patterns, techniques. Thirdly, article discusses contemporary technical nontechnical recognizing advance. Using trending machine learning, deep platforms, big data, blockchain can be promising solution current future These technological may assist malware, detection, spam identification, DNS classification, fraud hidden channels, distinguishing advanced persistent threats. However, some solutions, especially learning not resistant which must considered when proposing against intelligent

Language: Английский

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Evaluation of Machine Learning Approaches for Precision Farming in Smart Agriculture System: A Comprehensive Review

IEEE Access, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12, P. 60155 - 60184

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

In the era of digital data proliferation, agriculture stands on cusp a transformative revolution driven by Machine Learning (ML). This study delves into intricate interplay between Information and Communications Technology (ICT) conventional agriculture, emphasizing role ML in reshaping farming practices. With ongoing tsunami impacting data-driven businesses, fusion smart precision emerges as beacon innovation. algorithms, analyzing historical real-time environmental data, soil conditioning, predicts suitable crop for maximum yields, detect diseases, optimize irrigation farming, facilitating informed decision-making. Precision benefits from autonomous vehicles drones, ML, ensuring planting, harvesting, monitoring. Resource efficiency increases optimizes energy consumption, manages fertilizer application, promotes climate-resilient comprehensive assessment underscores ML's pivotal maximizing productivity, minimizing impact, navigating complexities modern agriculture.

Language: Английский

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A Review of Urban Digital Twins Integration, Challenges, and Future Directions in Smart City Development

Sustainability, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(19), P. 8337 - 8337

Published: Sept. 25, 2024

This review paper explores Urban Digital Twins (UDTs) and their crucial role in developing smarter cities, focusing on making urban areas more sustainable well-planned. The methodology adopted an extensive literature across multiple academic databases related to UDTs smart sustainability, environments, conducted by a bibliometric analysis using VOSviewer identify key research trends qualitative through thematic categorization. shows how can significantly change cities are managed planned examining examples from like Singapore Dubai. study points out the main hurdles gathering data, connecting systems, handling vast amounts of information, different technologies work together. It also sheds light what is missing current research, such as need for solid rules effectively, better cooperation between various city deeper look into affect society. To address gaps, this highlights necessity interdisciplinary collaboration. calls establishing comprehensive models, universal standards, comparative studies among traditional UDT methods. Finally, it encourages industry, policymakers, academics join forces realizing sustainable, cities.

Language: Английский

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Blockchain Integration and Its Impact on Renewable Energy

Computers, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(4), P. 107 - 107

Published: April 22, 2024

This paper investigates the evolving landscape of blockchain technology in renewable energy. The study, based on a Scopus database search 21 February 2024, reveals growing trend scholarly output, predominantly engineering, energy, and computer science. diverse range source types global contributions, led by China, reflects interdisciplinary nature this field. comprehensive review delves into 33 research papers, examining integration energy systems, encompassing decentralized power dispatching, certificate trading, alternative selection, management applications like intelligent transportation systems microgrids. papers employ theoretical concepts such as dispatching models permissioned blockchains, utilizing methodologies involving advanced algorithms, consensus mechanisms, smart contracts to enhance efficiency, security, transparency. findings suggest that can reduce costs, increase utilization, optimize management. Despite these advantages, challenges including uncertainties, privacy concerns, scalability issues, consumption are identified, alongside legal regulatory compliance market acceptance hurdles. Overcoming resistance change building trust blockchain-based crucial for successful adoption, emphasizing need collaborative efforts among industry stakeholders, regulators, developers unlock full potential blockchains integration.

Language: Английский

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Bridging the Gaps: Future Directions for Blockchain and IoT Integration in Smart Grids

Energies, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 18(4), P. 772 - 772

Published: Feb. 7, 2025

The convergence of blockchain and Internet Things technologies holds immense promise for revolutionizing the smart grid landscape [...]

Language: Английский

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Blockchain-Based Microgrid for Safe and Reliable Power Generation and Distribution: A Case Study of Saudi Arabia

Energies, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 16(16), P. 5963 - 5963

Published: Aug. 12, 2023

Energy demand is increasing rapidly due to rapid growth and industrialization. It becoming more complex manage generation distribution the diversification of energy sources minimize carbon emissions. Smart grids reliable power efficiently cater a large geographical area population, but their centralized structure makes them vulnerable. Cybersecurity threats have become significant concern with these systems’ complexity connectivity. Further transmission losses its vulnerability single point failure (SPOF) are also major concerns. Microgrids an alternative large, smart that can be managed locally fewer user bases safe from SPOF. small areas populations easily at local level utilized for different energy, like renewable energy. A group consumers producers involved, microgrids connected if required exchange excess Still, vulnerable cybersecurity threats, as in case grids, lack trust decentralized nature without any trusted third party. Blockchain (BC) technology address challenges sector. This article proposes framework implementing BC-based microgrid system managing all aspects system, including peer-to-peer (P2P) trading, Renewable Certificate (REC), Saudi Arabia. integrate standards protocols, well utilization contracts, secure transparency.

Language: Английский

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A Blockchain-Based Architecture and Framework for Cybersecure Smart Cities

IEEE Access, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11, P. 76359 - 76370

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

A smart city is one that uses digital technologies and other means to improve the quality of life its citizens reduce cost municipal services. Smart cities primarily use IoT collect analyze data interact directly with city's infrastructure monitor assets community developments in real time operational efficiency proactively respond potential problems challenges. Today, cybersecurity considered main challenges facing cities. Over past few years, research has devoted a great deal attention this challenge. Among different proposed address challenge, Blockchain appears offer security privacy needed enhance security. In paper, we propose comprehensive framework architecture based on Blockchain, big artificial intelligence cybersecurity. For sake illustration framework, simulation results are presented for grid dataset from UCI Machine Learning Repository, demonstrating

Language: Английский

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Novel Meta-Fractal Wearable Sensors and Antennas for Medical, Communication, 5G, and IoT Applications

Fractal and Fractional, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 8(2), P. 100 - 100

Published: Feb. 6, 2024

Future communication, 5G, medical, and IoT systems need compact, green, efficient wideband sensors, antennas. Novel linear dual-polarized antennas for 6G, medical devices, Internet of Things (IoT) systems, healthcare monitoring sensors are presented in this paper. One the major goals evaluation smart wireless communication devices is development efficient, low-cost sensors. Moreover, passive active may be self-powered by connecting an energy-harvesting unit to antenna collect electromagnetic radiation charge wearable sensor battery. Wearable can employed grid applications that provide between neighbors, localized management, bidirectional power transfer, effective demand response. A developed etching printed feed matching network on same substrate antenna. Active modules placed dielectric board. The design parameters a comparison computation measured electrical performance characteristics new compact vicinity patient’s body were simulated using simulation techniques. Fractal metamaterial evaluated maximize devices. dual- circularly polarized paper crucial multiband advanced systems. system’s dynamic range characteristics. wideband, low-cost. operating resonant frequency with circular split-ring resonators (CSRRs) 5% 9% lower than without CSRRs. directivity gain fractal CSRRs up 3 dB higher 8.5 dBi. This study presents meta-fractal bandwidth around 20%. At 2.83 GHz, receiving 13.5 drops 8 at 3.2 GHz. module noise figure TAV541 LNA 1dB.

Language: Английский

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Applications of blockchain technology in peer-to-peer energy markets and green hydrogen supply chains: a topical review

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: Sept. 20, 2024

Countries all over the world are shifting from conventional and fossil fuel-based energy systems to more sustainable (renewable energy-based systems). To effectively integrate renewable sources of energy, multi-directional power flow control required, facilitate this flow, peer-to-peer (P2P) trading is employed. For a safe, secure, reliable P2P system, secure communication gateway cryptographically data storage mechanism required. This paper explores uses blockchain (BC) in (RE) integration into grid. We shed light on four primary areas: trading, green hydrogen supply chain, demand response (DR) programmes, tracking RE certificates (RECs). In addition, we investigate how BC can address existing challenges these domains overcome hurdles realise decentralised ecosystem. The main purpose provide an understanding technology act as catalyst for ultimately revolutionising way generated, managed, consumed.

Language: Английский

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A Smart Framework for Managing Natural Disasters Based on the IoT and ML

Applied Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(6), P. 3888 - 3888

Published: March 18, 2023

Natural disasters greatly threaten our lives in addition to adversely affecting all activities. Unfortunately, most solutions currently used flood management are suffering from many drawbacks related latency and accuracy. Moreover, the previous consider that whole city has same level of vulnerability damage, while each area may have different topologies conditions. This study presents a new framework collects data real-time about bad weather, which cause floods, where proposed classification algorithm process sensed determine danger city. In case threat, will send early alerts users rescue teams. The depends on Internet Things (IoT) fog computing coupled with multiple models machine learning (Rain Forest, Decision Tree, K-Nearest Neighbor, Support Vector Machine, Logistic Regression, Deep Learning) enhance performance reliability. addition, research suggests some assistant services. To prove efficiency framework, we applied real for Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, years 2009 2013 2018 2022. Then, depended standard metrics (accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, ROC curve). Rain Forest Tree achieved highest accuracy, exceeding 99 percent, followed by Neighbor. provide detection systems can predict floods early, multi-level warning, reduce financial, human, infrastructural damage.

Language: Английский

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