Microplastics,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
3(4), P. 559 - 588
Published: Sept. 30, 2024
Environmental
pollution
from
plastics
has
become
one
of
the
biggest
concerns
globally.
Microplastics
(MPs)
are
plastic
materials
less
than
5
mm
in
size.
They
remain
environment
for
hundreds
to
thousands
years
without
degrading,
only
breaking
down
further
nanoplastics
(NPs).
Micro-
and
can
be
origin
many
diseases
carry
various
pathogenic
substances
on
their
surface
spread
them
throughout
biosphere,
starting
with
contained
additives
ending
adsorbed
toxins
potentially
microorganisms.
Exposure
routes
humans
animals
through
air,
water
food/feed.
Due
placement
livestock—including
ruminants,
fish
poultry—and
at
top
food
web,
any
water,
air
or
soil
eventually
transferred
livestock
humans.
The
presence
microplastics
intestines
aquaculture
species,
ruminants
poultry,
instance,
was
found
cause
a
change
intestinal
microbial
population
and,
as
result,
occurrence
diseases.
These
particles
have
also
been
observed
other
organs
such
liver,
kidneys,
lung,
spleen,
heart,
ovaries,
testicles
animals,
which
causes
biochemical
changes,
structural
destruction,
malfunction.
While
complete
extent
negative
health
impacts
remains
still
largely
unknown,
ubiquitous
transmission
chemicals
organisms
is
notable
issue,
underscoring
importance
gaining
more
comprehensive
understanding
potential
threats
posed
by
animal
ultimately
human
health,
coupled
need
drastic
reduction
freight
into
environment.
This
review
article
summarizes
recent
findings
effect
micro-
farmed
ultimately,
Action
needed
reduce
number
thereby
humans,
exposed.
Journal of Hazardous Materials Advances,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
10, P. 100298 - 100298
Published: April 19, 2023
Microplastics
in
the
environment
can
absorb
and
interact
with
organic
pollutants,
altering
their
toxic
effects
making
microplastics
more
difficult
to
treat.
Previous
reports
have
focused
on
source,
distribution
ecotoxicity
of
different
environmental
substrates.
come
from
two
main
sources:
(1)
a
significant
direct
input
primary
(2)
secondary
resulting
fragmentation
larger
plastic
materials.
migrate
through
atmospheric,
freshwater,
marine
terrestrial
environments.
To
investigate,
uniform
methods
for
monitoring
examining
will
be
developed
combined
source
tracking
technologies
research
impact.
(including
additives)
inadvertently
ingested
by
organisms,
cause
physical
damage,
wide
range
biological,
physiological
behaviors
molecular
effects.
present
toxicity
organism
due
its
role
as
vector
chemical
pollutants
ecosystems.
Moreover,
key
recommendations
are
made
future
research,
we
call
additional
efforts
focus
occurrence
fate
environments,
particularly
atmosphere
soil,
further
investigate
mechanisms
microplastic
toxicity.
Ecological Indicators,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
149, P. 110179 - 110179
Published: March 27, 2023
Microplastic
(MP)
contamination
of
marine
ecosystems
has
been
confirmed
as
an
environmental
issue
global
concern.
A
growing
number
monitoring
surveys
extensively
documented
the
occurrence
and
distribution
a
wide
array
MPs
different
sizes,
shapes,
colours,
polymeric
compositions
in
seawater,
sediments,
organisms
worldwide.
The
presence
explored
many
species
belonging
to
taxonomic
groups
collected
diverse
geographical
locations.
These
studies
have
revealed
ingestion
bioaccumulation
at
each
trophic
level,
confirming
ubiquity
MP
ecosystems.
This
systematic
review
aimed
summarizing
results
vast
literature
concerning
1)
shed
light
on
potential
differences
body
burden
among
2)
investigate
spatial
temporal
variation
level.
Our
analyses
showed
that,
independently
geographic
origin
sample,
significantly
differed
levels
and/or
groups.
Zooplankton
lowest
levels,
while
highest
were
observed
vertebrates
other
than
fish
(i.e.
mammals,
birds
reptiles).
In
contrast,
no
or
noted,
that
all
can
ingest
accumulate
MPs,
but
large
variability
within
precludes
opportunity
identify
patterns
contamination.
The Science of The Total Environment,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
927, P. 172124 - 172124
Published: March 31, 2024
Recent
studies
have
highlighted
the
prevalence
of
microplastic
(MP)
pollution
in
global
marine
environment
and
these
pollutants
been
found
to
contaminate
even
remote
regions,
including
Southern
Ocean
south
polar
front.
Previous
this
region
mostly
focused
on
MPs
larger
than
300
μm,
potentially
underestimating
extent
MP
pollution.
This
study
is
first
investigate
surface
waters
front,
with
a
focus
small
500-11
μm
size.
Seventeen
water
samples
were
collected
southern
Weddell
Sea
using
an
in-house-designed
sampling
system.
The
analysis
entire
sample
micro-Fourier
transform
infrared
spectroscopy
(μFTIR)
focal
plane
array
(FPA)
detection
revealed
presence
all
samples,
vast
majority
detected
being
smaller
(98.3
%).
mean
concentration
reached
43.5
(±
83.8)
m
Royal Society Open Science,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
10(3)
Published: March 1, 2023
Microplastics
(MP)
have
been
reported
in
Southern
Ocean
(SO),
where
they
are
likely
to
encounter
Antarctic
zooplankton
and
enter
pelagic
food
webs.
Here
we
assess
the
presence
of
MP
within
krill
(
Euphausia
superba
)
salps
Salpa
thompsoni
quantify
their
abundance
type
by
micro-Fourier
transform
infrared
microscopy.
were
found
both
species,
with
fibres
being
more
abundant
than
fragments
(krill:
56.25%
salps:
22.32%
total
MP).
Polymer
identification
indicated
originated
from
local
distant
sources.
Our
findings
prove
how
situ
ingestion
these
organisms
is
a
real
ongoing
process
SO.
amount
was
higher
(2.13
±
0.26
ind
−1
(1.38
0.42
),
while
size
extracted
(130
30
µm)
significantly
lower
(330
50
µm).
We
suggest
that
differences
between
ingested
two
species
may
be
related
strategies,
ability
fragment
as
well
different
human
pressures
collection
areas
study
region.
First
comparative
field-based
evidence
salps,
emblematic
SO
marine
ecosystems,
underlines
ecosystems
particularly
sensitive
plastic
pollution.
Environmental Research,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
231, P. 116227 - 116227
Published: May 25, 2023
Microplastics
(MP)
and
nanoplastics
(NP)
contamination
of
the
terrestrial
environment
is
a
growing
concern
worldwide
thought
to
impact
soil
biota,
particularly
micro
mesofauna
community,
by
various
processes
that
may
contribute
global
change
in
systems.
Soils
act
as
long-term
sink
for
MP,
accumulating
these
contaminants
increasing
their
adverse
impacts
on
ecosystems.
Consequently,
whole
ecosystem
impacted
microplastic
pollution,
which
also
threatens
human
health
potential
transfer
food
web.
In
general,
ingestion
MP
different
concentrations
can
adversely
affect
development
reproduction,
impacting
moves
horizontally
vertically
because
movement
organisms
disturbance
caused
plants.
However,
effects
micro-and
are
largely
overlooked.
Here,
we
give
most
recent
information
forgotten
microfauna
communities
(protists,
tardigrades,
rotifers,
nematodes,
collembola
mites).
More
than
50
studies
focused
between
1990
2022
have
been
reviewed.
plastic
pollution
does
not
directly
survival
organisms,
except
under
co-contaminated
plastics
increase
(e.g.
tire-tread
particles
springtails).
Besides,
they
at
oxidative
stress
reduced
reproduction
potworms,
springtails
or
It
was
observed
could
passive
transporters,
shown
mites.
Finally,
this
review
discusses
how
micro-
play
key
role
facilitating
(bio-)degradation
NP
through
systems
and,
therefore,
depths.
research
should
be
mixtures,
community
level
experiments.
Microbial Biotechnology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
17(4)
Published: April 1, 2024
Microorganisms
known
as
psychrophiles/psychrotrophs,
which
survive
in
cold
climates,
constitute
majority
of
the
biosphere
on
Earth.
Their
capability
to
produce
cold-active
enzymes
along
with
other
distinguishing
characteristics
allows
them
environments.
Due
relative
ease
large-scale
production
compared
from
plants
and
animals,
commercial
uses
microbial
enzyme
are
alluring.
The
ocean
depths,
polar,
alpine
regions,
make
up
over
85%
planet,
inhabited
ecosystems.
Microbes
living
these
regions
important
for
their
metabolic
contribution
ecosphere
well
enzymes,
may
have
potential
industrial
applications.
Cold-adapted
microorganisms
a
possible
source
that
high
catalytic
efficacy
at
low
moderate
temperatures
homologous
mesophilic
not
active.
Cold-active
can
be
used
variety
biotechnological
processes,
including
food
processing,
additives
detergent
industries,
textile
industry,
waste-water
treatment,
biopulping,
environmental
bioremediation
biotransformation,
molecular
biology
applications
great
energy
savings.
Genetically
manipulated
strains
suitable
producing
particular
would
crucial
advantage
cold-adapted
will
probably
lead
greater
annual
market
than
thermo-stable
near
future.
This
review
includes
latest
updates
various
Environmental Science Advances,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
3(4), P. 543 - 560
Published: Jan. 1, 2024
The
review
presents
a
complete
update
of
previous
reviews
on
the
topics
environmental
contamination,
climate
change
and
human
impact
Antarctic
ecosystems.
Frontiers in Marine Science,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
11
Published: March 6, 2024
The
Arctic
and
Antarctica
represent
two
of
the
most
inhospitable
poorly
investigated
biomes
in
world.
Although
polar
regions
are
still
perceived
as
some
pristine
places
existence,
these
remote
no
longer
immune
to
anthropogenic
pollution,
particular,
micro-
nanoplastics.
Seabirds,
avian
species
feeding
mainly
at
sea,
indicators
change
environment
an
early
study
group
ecological
for
plastic
pollution.
goal
this
bibliometric
overview
is
evaluate
international
research
trends
on
impacts
microplastics
(MPs)
nanoplastics
(NPs)
seabirds
inhabiting
regions.
A
total
least
13
seabird
were
reported
have
ingested
MPs
from
1983–2023.
Overall,
1130
samples
investigated,
including
stomach
content,
pouch
guano,
pellets.
Pellets
substrate
(699),
followed
by
contents
(309),
guano
(101),
(21).
median
31.5
per
sample
was
found
Arctic,
with
average
7.2
sample.
35
Antarctica,
1.1
frequently
fragment
form.
3526
retrieved
stomachs
(3013),
pellets
(398),
(75),
(40).
Polyethylene
dominant
polymer
found,
polypropylene
polystyrene.
monitoring
MP
ingestion
crucial
mitigating
marine
terrestrial
organisms.
Standardized
protocols
could
boost
safeguarding
reduce
