Operationalizing forest‐assisted migration in the context of climate change adaptation: Examples from the eastern USA

Ecosphere, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13(10)

Published: Oct. 1, 2022

Abstract There is increasing momentum to implement conservation and management approaches that adapt forests climate change so as sustain ecosystem functions. These range from actions designed increase the resistance of current composition structure negative impacts those transition substantially different characteristics. A component many adaptation will likely include assisted migration future climate‐adapted tree species or genotypes. While forest‐assisted (FAM) has been discussed conceptually examined experimentally for almost a decade, operationalizing FAM (i.e., routine use in forest projects) lags behind acceptance need adaptation. As vulnerability ecosystems increases, may become an integral tool reduce long‐term risks function, despite real perceived barriers its implementation. Here we discuss concept operational‐scale why it remains controversial, not yet widely adopted We present three case studies illustrate how practice can be approached pragmatically within framework acceptance. Finally, path toward advancing wide FAM.

Language: Английский

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Understanding and overcoming obstacles in adaptive management

Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 38(1), P. 55 - 71

Published: Oct. 3, 2022

Adaptive management (AM) is a stepwise iterative process in which interventions are implemented, their effects monitored and evaluated, the next intervention adapted according to knowledge gained.In theory, this of learning adaptation leads increased understanding ecological processes improved management. However, AM approach faces many obstacles its effective implementation.These may be exacerbated by emerging challenges related rapidly changing environment. In face large-scale climate land use change, AM's not keep pace with environmental changes.To inform future schemes, transdisciplinary needed address technical social components AM, but also ecosystem governance system. widely promoted improve natural resources, yet implementation challenging. We show that only per se external factors such as properties systems. To overcome obstacles, there need build capacities within ensuring adequate tools, collaboration, learning. Additionally, building legal institutional frames can enable necessary flexibility Furthermore, systems experiencing profound changes wildlife populations, even more critical will cope uncertainty changed conditions. For decades, (see Glossary) has been touted an decision-making capable handling complexities uncertainties when managing resources [1.Holling C.S. Environmental Assessment Management. John Wiley & Sons, 1978Google Scholar, 2.Walters C.J. Holling Large-scale experiments doing.Ecology. 1990; 71: 2060-2068Crossref Scopus (1030) Google 3.Allen C.R. Gunderson L.H. Pathology failure design adaptive management.J. Environ. Manag. 2011; 92: 1379-1384Crossref PubMed (221) 4.Westgate M.J. et al.Adaptive biological systems: review.Biol. Conserv. 2013; 158: 128-139Crossref (259) Scholar]. adaptation, using structured reach goals [5.Johansson J. al.Inspired decision making: collaborative multiple forest values.Ecol. Soc. 2018; 23: 1-11Crossref (9) 6.Bunnefeld N. al.Decision-making Conservation Natural Resource Management: Models for Interdisciplinary Approaches. Cambridge University Press, 2017Crossref 7.Williams B.K. management: The U.S. Department Interior Technical Guide. Dept. Interior, Management Working Group, 2009Google Often referred 'loop', involves iteration several stages, including set-up (framing problem identification objectives, hypotheses, actions), implementation, monitoring, evaluation (Figure 1). Based on gained from latter original reviewed adjusted if necessary, new 'AM loop' ensues Scholar,6.Bunnefeld Scholar,7.Williams This 'learning doing' [2.Walters Scholar] assumed lead system thereby ability fulfil objectives. both scientific literature [4.Westgate Scholar,8.Perino A. al.Biodiversity post-2020: closing gap between global targets national-level implementation.Conserv. Lett. 2022; 15e12848https://doi.org/10.1111/conl.12848Crossref (20) Scholar,9.Folke C. al.Resilience sustainable development: capacity world transformations.Ambio. 2002; 31: 437-440Crossref (1682) international agreements, example, part endorsed Convention Biological Diversity implemented through Malawi principles [10.Prins H.H.T. Principles: clarifications thoughts underlay approach.in: Schei P.J. Proceedings Norway/UN Conference Ecosystem Approach Sustainable Use Diversity. Norwegian Directorate Nature Management/Norwegian Institute ResearchTrondheim, 1999: 23-30Google deemed applicable scarce abundant Scholar], it manage slow well rapid resource availability Scholar,11.Marjakangas al.International Single Species Action Plan Taiga Bean Goose (Technical series No. 56), AEWA, Bonn, Germany.2015Google Scholar,12.Madsen al.Implementation first plan European migratory waterbird population: case Svalbard pink-footed goose Anser brachyrhynchus.Ambio. 2017; 462: 275-289Crossref (68) When comes applied spatial scales ranging local biome [13.Cummings restoration sand-mined areas conservation.J. Appl. Ecol. 2005; 42: 160-170Crossref (34) Scholar,14.Nichols J.D. harvest North American waterfowl populations: brief history prospects.J. Ornithol. 2007; 148: 343-349Crossref (188) Despite wide range actors advocating few projects have used deliver outcomes Scholar,15.Richardson S. al.A systematic review control invasive, non-native mammals, other human–wildlife conflicts.Mamm. Rev. 2020; 50: 147-156Crossref (24) proposes lack successful examples interacting causes Scholar,16.Gillson L. al.Finding common ground evidence-based approaches biodiversity conservation.Trends Evol. 2019; 34: 31-44Abstract Full Text PDF (48) Scholar]: complexity terms administrative levels carried out over large [17.Cash D.W. al.Scale cross-scale dynamics: information multilevel world.Ecol. 2006; 11: 1-12Crossref Moreover, conducted social–ecological system, instances depends multi-actor understanding. Current megatrends – overexploitation degradation [18.IPBES Global assessment report services Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform Biodiversity Services. IPBES secretariat, Germany2019Google 19.Fox A.D. Madsen Threatened species super-abundance: unexpected implications conservation.Ambio. 46: 179-187Crossref (103) 20.Meek C.L. human dimensions marine mammal policy North.Mar. Policy. 35: 466-476Crossref (28) 21.Walther G.R. Community responses recent change.Philos. Trans. R. B Biol. Sci. 2010; 365: 2019-2024Crossref (869) cause additional too these [22.Cammen K.M. al.Predator recovery, shifting baselines, they create.Ecosphere. 10e02579https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.2579Crossref (15) Wildlife populations change quickly profoundly, rarity abundance vice versa. conservation drastically status red-listed mammals birds full recovery [19.Fox Scholar,23.Apollonio M. al.European ungulates 21st century. 2010Google Scholar,24.Chapron G. al.Recovery carnivores Europe's modern human-dominated landscapes.Science. 2014; 346: 1517-1519Crossref (1173) require swift shift strategy objectives avoid either continued population decline exploited species, or impact ecosystems livelihoods superabundant Scholar,25.Tyre A.J. Michaels Confronting socially generated 1365-1370Crossref (36) Such prompt innovation certain organisations: allow flexibility. Several reviews identified listed possible Scholar,26.Gregory al.Deconstructing criteria applications management.Ecol. 16: 2411-2425Crossref (231) Scholar,27.Williams Brown E.D. Double-loop need, challenge, opportunity.Environ. 62: 995-1006Crossref (30) any systematically quantified frequency. quantification valuable highlight particularly problematic able present solutions coherent framework. current megatrends, assist putting focus profoundly conditions goals. analysis timely, set become frequent near future. facing mega trends, respects similar management, otherwise. Lessons learnt therefore provide insights generally. about quantify frequency different categories special emphasis scenarios (Appendix S1 supplemental online). then identify formulate recommendations how AM. As illustration addressed practice, we study currently engaging practitioners makers, namely, flyway (Box 1).Box 1Case study: geeseAM illustrative example handle. It uncertainty, declining strategies increasing mitigation disservices (e.g., impact, crop damage, air safety concerns). recently rare threatened same [11.Marjakangas Scholar,19.Fox Scholar,80.Buij al.Balancing function, resulting expanding populations.Ambio. 301-318Crossref (43) Scholar,88.Montràs-Janer T. al.Relating national damage grazing birds: 56: 2286-2297Crossref migrate across nations legislations, cultures, norms [89.Bainbridge I. Scotland: overview.Ambio. 224-230Crossref Scholar,90.Stroud D. al.Key actions towards geese.Ambio. 328-338Crossref (23) coordinating becomes challenge [91.Tombre I.M. al.Towards solution goose-agriculture conflict Norway, 1988-2012: interplay policy, stakeholder influence dynamics.PLoS One. 8e71912https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.poneCrossref (38) Scholar,92.Eriksson al.The public geese: rise?.Hum. Dimens. Wildl. 25: 421-437Crossref (14) Scholar].To challenges, secretariat African–Eurasian Migratory Waterbird Agreement (https://www.unep-aewa.org/) approached countries sharing species. Important parts proposed were create forums discussion groups communication, consensus-building, engagement among stakeholders, form platforms where delegations (authorities, experts, interest groups) meet decisions I). meetings now arranged annually, task force continuously work issues species-specific questions data collection). Practitioners supported scientists via platform (collecting compiling data) modelling consortium (providing predictive models). Using structure, plans launched Scholar,93.Powolny al.AEWA International Greylag (Anser anser) AEWA Series 71. Germany.2018Google Scholar,94.Jensen G.H. Barnacle - Russia/Germany Netherlands population, East Greenland/Scotland Ireland Svalbard/South-west Scotland population. 70. all striving viable while minimising 'ecosystem disservices' [95.Lefebvre greater snow caerulescens atlanticus: overabundant population.Ambio. 262-274Crossref based models, coordinated hunting quotas One (pink-footed goose, brachyrhynchus) size approaching goal [12.Madsen Yet, requires at level support nationally agreed actively contribute achieving them [96.Tombre al.Population means organised effort: experiences voluntary arrangement.Ambio. 51: 728-742Crossref (4) suggests further capacity-building countries, regional levels.The good strengthen handle some remain, one illustrated protection barnacle (Branta leucopsis) II), permitted At present, makes impossible reduce most Europe, remains open much less Thus, legislative precautionary rescue critically small sometimes order prevent irreversible disservices'. shifts inside outside (i.e., legislation structure) [20.Meek Scholar].Figure IIThe shown going 3–4 causing (AM).View Large Image Figure ViewerDownload Hi-res image Download (PPT) levels. three main to: (i) process' inadequate actor involvement, shortcomings operational processes), (ii) 'ecosystem', focusing environment was applied, (iii) 'governance', comprising frame

Language: Английский

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Building on the last “new” thing: exploring the compatibility of ecological and adaptation silviculture

Canadian Journal of Forest Research, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 51(2), P. 172 - 180

Published: Oct. 20, 2020

Sustaining the structure, function, and services provided by forest ecosystems in face of changing climate disturbance regimes represents a grand challenge for managers policy makers. To address this challenge, range adaptation approaches have been proposed centered on conferring ecosystem resilience adaptive capacity; however, considerable uncertainty exists regarding how to translate these broad often theoretical frameworks on-the-ground practice. Complicating issue has movement away, some cases, from other recent advances management, namely ecological silviculture strategies that focus restoration. In paper, we highlight areas compatibility conflict between two reviewing four principles (continuity, complexity diversity, timing, context) perspective global change adaptation. We conclude given many commonalities outcomes conditions capacity, remain relevant starting point guiding operationalization strategies.

Language: Английский

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A lack of ecological diversity in forest nurseries limits the achievement of tree-planting objectives in response to global change

BioScience, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 73(8), P. 575 - 586

Published: July 31, 2023

Abstract Tree planting is increasingly being adopted as a strategy to address global change, including mitigation, adaptation, and restoration. Although reforestation has long been central forest management, the desired outcomes of traditional emerging tree-planting strategies face barriers linked lack ecological diversity in nurseries. In present article, we outline how insufficient nursery seedlings among species, genotypes, stock types impeded will continue hinder implementation diverse or climate-suitable targets, now into future. To support this, demonstrate disparities seedling inventories, focusing on northern United States. overcome these challenges, recommend avenues for improving policy financing, informational resources training, research monitoring. Absent advances, current production practices fall short ambitious goals proposed restoration change mitigation adaptation.

Language: Английский

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Microtopography is a fundamental organizing structure of vegetation and soil chemistry in black ash wetlands

Biogeosciences, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 17(4), P. 901 - 915

Published: Feb. 21, 2020

Abstract. All wetland ecosystems are controlled by water table and soil saturation dynamics, so any local-scale deviation in elevation thus position represents variability this primary control. Wetland microtopography is the structured typically categorized into a binary classification of local high points (hummocks) low (hollows). Although influence on vegetation composition biogeochemical processes wetlands has received attention around globe, its role forested still less understood. We studied relationships among understory communities, tree biomass, chemistry 10 black ash (Fraxinus nigra Marshall) northern Minnesota, USA. To do so, we combined 1 cm resolution surface model generated from terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) with colocated table, vegetation, measurements. observed that was an important structural element across sites, where hummocks were loci greater species richness; midstory canopy basal area; higher concentrations chloride, phosphorus, base cations. In contrast, hollows associated nitrate sulfate concentrations. also found effect soils at wetter sites than drier suggesting distance-to-mean determinant biogeochemistry. These findings highlight clear controls distributions while supporting notion arises feedbacks concentrate nutrients, productivity microsite highs, especially otherwise wet conditions. therefore conclude fundamental organizing structure wetlands.

Language: Английский

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Influence of Light Availability and Water Depth on Competition Between Phalaris Arundinacea and Herbaceous Vines

Wetlands, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 45(2)

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Building a Framework for Adaptive Silviculture Under Global Change

Advances in global change research, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 359 - 381

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

Language: Английский

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Tree Planting for Climate Adaptation and Emerald Ash Borer in the Lake States, US: Motivations and State of the Practice

Journal of Forestry, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 26, 2025

Language: Английский

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Effects of harvest treatments anticipating emerald ash borer invasion on northern hardwood forests in New England, USA

Forest Ecology and Management, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 588, P. 122748 - 122748

Published: April 29, 2025

Language: Английский

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Quantifying old-growth forest of United States Forest Service public lands

Forest Ecology and Management, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 549, P. 121437 - 121437

Published: Sept. 26, 2023

Language: Английский

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