Vegetation fires in the Anthropocene

Nature Reviews Earth & Environment, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 1(10), P. 500 - 515

Published: Aug. 18, 2020

Language: Английский

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Tamm Review: Influence of forest management activities on soil organic carbon stocks: A knowledge synthesis

Forest Ecology and Management, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 466, P. 118127 - 118127

Published: April 8, 2020

Almost half of the total organic carbon (C) in terrestrial ecosystems is stored forest soils. By altering rates input or release C from soils, management activities can influence soil stocks forests. In this review, we synthesize current evidence regarding influences 13 common practices on stocks. Afforestation former croplands generally increases stocks, whereas grasslands and peatlands, are unchanged even reduced following afforestation. The conversion primary forests to secondary reduces particularly if land converted an agricultural land-use prior reforestation. Harvesting, clear-cut harvesting, results a reduction floor upper mineral soil. Removal residues by harvesting whole-trees stumps negatively affects Soil disturbance site preparation decreases top soil, however improved growth tree seedlings may outweigh losses over rotation. Nitrogen (N) addition has overall positive effect across wide range ecosystems. Likewise, higher faster accumulation occur under species with N-fixing associates. Stocks also differ different species, coniferous accumulating more broadleaved tending store There some that increased diversity could positively affect temperate subtropical forests, but identity, seems have stronger impact than diversity. Management stand density thinning small effects high populations ungulate herbivores, herbivory levels increase plant biomass for fodder fuel related Fire such as prescribed burning reduce less so wildfires which intense. For each practice, identify existing gaps knowledge suggest research address gaps.

Language: Английский

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Predictive modeling of wildfires: A new dataset and machine learning approach

Fire Safety Journal, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 104, P. 130 - 146

Published: Jan. 25, 2019

Language: Английский

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Towards a comprehensive look at global drivers of novel extreme wildfire events

Climatic Change, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 165(3-4)

Published: April 1, 2021

Language: Английский

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U.S. fires became larger, more frequent, and more widespread in the 2000s

Science Advances, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 8(11)

Published: March 16, 2022

Recent fires have fueled concerns that regional and global warming trends are leading to more extreme burning. We found compelling evidence average fire events in regions of the United States up four times size, triple frequency, widespread 2000s than previous two decades. Moreover, most also larger, common, likely co-occur with other fires. This documented shift burning patterns across country aligns palpable change dynamics noted by media, public, fire-fighting officials.

Language: Английский

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Current Wildland Fire Patterns and Challenges in Europe: A Synthesis of National Perspectives

Air Soil and Water Research, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Jan. 1, 2021

Changes in climate, land use, and management impact the occurrence severity of wildland fires many parts world. This is particularly evident Europe, where ongoing changes use have strongly modified fire patterns over last decades. Although satellite data by European Forest Fire Information System provide large-scale statistics across countries, there still a crucial need to collect summarize in-depth local analysis understanding condition associated challenges Europe. article aims general overview current as perceived national representatives, supplemented (2009–2018) For each 31 countries included, we present perspective authored scientists or practitioners from respective country, representing wide range disciplines cultural backgrounds. The authors were selected members COST Action “Fire Earth System: Science & Society” funded Commission with aim share knowledge improve communication about fire. Where relevant, brief key studies, particular country facing, an notable recent events are also presented. Key included (1) lack consistent detailed records for events, within (2) increase that pose risk properties human life due high population densities sprawl into forested regions, (3) view that, irrespective management, climate change likely frequency coming Addressing challenge will not only be valuable advancing pan-European strategies, but evaluating perceptions against more robust quantitative evidence.

Language: Английский

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Distance sampling surveys reveal 17 million vertebrates directly killed by the 2020’s wildfires in the Pantanal, Brazil

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 11(1)

Published: Dec. 16, 2021

Abstract Anthropogenic factors have significantly influenced the frequency, duration, and intensity of meteorological drought in many regions globe, increased frequency wildfires is among most visible consequences human-induced climate change. Despite fire role determining biodiversity outcomes different ecosystems, can cause negative impacts on wildlife. We conducted ground surveys along line transects to estimate first-order impact 2020 vertebrates Pantanal wetland, Brazil. adopted distance sampling technique densities number dead 39,030 square kilometers affected by fire. Our estimates indicate that at least 16.952 million were killed immediately fires Pantanal, demonstrating such an event wet savanna ecosystems. The case also reminds us cumulative widespread burning would be catastrophic, as recurrence may lead impoverishment ecosystems disruption their functioning. To overcome this unsustainable scenario, it necessary establish proper biomass fuel management avoid caused over ecosystem services.

Language: Английский

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What do you mean, ‘megafire’?

Global Ecology and Biogeography, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 31(10), P. 1906 - 1922

Published: May 3, 2022

Abstract Background ‘Megafire’ is an emerging concept commonly used to describe fires that are extreme in terms of size, behaviour, and/or impacts, but the term’s meaning remains ambiguous. Approach We sought resolve ambiguity surrounding ‘megafire’ by conducting a structured review use and definition term several languages peer‐reviewed scientific literature. collated definitions descriptions megafire identified criteria frequently invoked define megafire. recorded size location megafires mapped them reveal global variation described as megafires. Results 109 studies or identify megafire, with first appearing literature 2005. Seventy‐one (~65%) these attempted term. There was considerable variability although based on fire were most common. Megafire thresholds varied geographically from > 100–100,000 ha, 10,000 ha common threshold (41%, 18/44 studies). Definitions led authors North America (52%, 37/71). 137 instances 84 where reported megafires, vast majority (94%, 129/137) which exceed size. Megafires occurred range biomes, forested biomes (112/137, 82%), usually single ignition (59% 81/137). Conclusion As Earth’s climate ecosystems change, it important scientists can communicate trends occurrence larger more clarity. To overcome ambiguity, we suggest arising multiple related events. introduce two additional – gigafire (> 100,000 ha) terafire 1,000,000 for even scale than

Language: Английский

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Siberian taiga and tundra fire regimes from 2001–2020

Environmental Research Letters, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 17(2), P. 025001 - 025001

Published: Jan. 18, 2022

Abstract Circum-boreal and -tundra systems are crucial carbon pools that experiencing amplified warming at risk of increasing wildfire activity. Changes in activity have broad implications for vegetation dynamics, underlying permafrost soils, ultimately, cycling. However, understanding effects on biophysical processes across eastern Siberian taiga tundra remains challenging because the lack an easily accessible annual fire perimeter database underestimation area burned by MODIS satellite imagery. To better understand dynamics over last 20 years this region, we mapped burned, generated a database, characterized regimes eight ecozones spanning 7.8 million km 2 from ∼61–72.5° N 100° E–176° W using long-term data Landsat, processed via Google Earth Engine. We composite images growing season (May–September), which allowed mitigation missing snow-cover, cloud-cover, Landsat 7 scan line error. used composites to calculate difference Normalized Burn Ratio (dNBR) each year. The dNBR were converted binary or unburned imagery was vectorize perimeters. 22 091 fires burning 152 hectares (Mha) years. Although 2003 largest year record, 2020 exceptional four northeastern resulting substantial increases above Arctic Circle. Increases extent, severity, frequency with continued climate will impact increased likelihood irreversible thaw leads release and/or conversion forest shrublands.

Language: Английский

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Towards an Integrated Approach to Wildfire Risk Assessment: When, Where, What and How May the Landscapes Burn

Fire, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 6(5), P. 215 - 215

Published: May 22, 2023

This paper presents a review of concepts related to wildfire risk assessment, including the determination fire ignition and propagation (fire danger), extent which may spatially overlap with valued assets (exposure), potential losses resilience those (vulnerability). is followed by brief discussion how these can be integrated connected mitigation adaptation efforts. We then operational systems in place various parts world. Finally, we propose an system being developed under FirEUrisk European project, as example different components (including danger, exposure vulnerability) generated combined into synthetic indices provide more comprehensive but also consider where on what variables reduction efforts should stressed envisage policies better adapted future regimes. Climate socio-economic changes entail that wildfires are becoming even critical environmental hazard; extreme fires observed many areas world regularly experience fire, yet activity increasing were previously rare. To mitigate negative impacts responsible for managing must leverage information available through assessment process, along improved understanding targeted improve optimize strategies risk.

Language: Английский

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