Molecules,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
29(11), P. 2600 - 2600
Published: June 1, 2024
Saffron
(Crocus
sativus)
floral
by-products
are
a
source
of
phenolic
compounds
that
can
be
recovered
and
used
in
the
nutraceutical,
pharmaceutical,
or
cosmetic
industries.
This
study
aimed
to
evaluate
compounds’
extraction
using
green
techniques
(GETs)
saffron
explore
influence
selected
on
phytochemical
composition
extracts.
Specifically,
ultrasound-assisted
(UAE),
subcritical
water
(SWE),
deep
eutectic
solvents
(DESE)
were
used.
Phenolic
identified
with
(HR)
LC-ESI-QTOF
MS/MS
analysis,
quantitative
analysis
was
performed
HPLC-PDA.
Concerning
techniques,
UAE
showed
highest
amount
for
both
anthocyanins
flavonoids
50:50%
v/v
ethanol/water
as
solvent
(93.43
±
4.67
mg/g
dry
plant,
dp).
Among
SWE,
96%
ethanol
t
=
125
°C
gave
best
results.
The
16
different
mixtures
DESE
(110.95
5.55–73.25
3.66
dp),
while
better
extracted
choline
chloride:butane-1,4-diol
(16.0
0.80
Consequently,
GETs
employed
extract
bioactive
from
by-products,
implementing
recycling
reduction
waste
fitting
into
broader
circular
economy
discussion.
Antioxidants,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
14(1), P. 68 - 68
Published: Jan. 9, 2025
This
study
investigated
the
potential
of
natural
deep
eutectic
solvents
(NADESs)
for
extracting
bioactive
compounds
from
aerial
parts
two
mountain
tea
taxa,
Sideritis
clandestina
ssp.
peloponnesiaca
(Boiss.
&
Heldr.)
Baden
and
raeseri
Boiss.
Heldr.
raeseri.
Five
NADEs,
composed
betaine,
glycerol,
glucose,
urea,
citric
acid,
sucrose,
were
evaluated
their
extraction
efficiency
compared
to
conventional
(water
70%
ethanol).
The
total
phenolic
content
(TPC)
antioxidant
activity
(FRAP
DPPH
assays)
determined.
Results
showed
that
water
was
not
a
good
solvent.
Despite
great
solvent-dependent
differences,
most
particularly
betaine-glycerol-glucose
mixture
(BGG4),
exhibited
comparable
or
even
superior
ethanol.
secondary
metabolites
in
BGG4
ethanol
extracts
determined
with
HPLC-MS.
both
taxa
had
rich
profile,
major
ingredients
being
chlorogenic
verbascoside,
non-,
mono-
di-acetylated
allosyl
hypolaetin
glycosides.
Although
distinct
quantitative
differences
composition
respective
extracts,
between
them
noted,
overall,
S.
lower
than
extracts.
These
findings
suggest
BGG4,
are
promising
green
paving
way
applications
development
sustainable
cosmetic
products.
Pharmaceutics,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
17(3), P. 324 - 324
Published: March 2, 2025
Background/Objectives:
This
study
investigates
the
use
of
natural
deep
eutectic
solvents
(NADESs)
in
enhancing
solubility
and
skin
permeation
a
lidocaine
base,
lipophilic
form,
hydrogel
systems.
The
aim
was
to
develop
an
environmentally
sustainable
biocompatible
alternative
conventional
formulations,
improving
dermal
therapeutic
efficacy.
Methods:
base
dissolved
hydrophilic
NADES
system
composed
choline
chloride
citric
acid,
facilitating
enhanced
solubility,
likely
through
new
molecular
interactions.
Then,
pH-adjusted
hydrogels
were
formulated
optimized
by
employing
32
full
factorial
design.
Raman
nuclear
magnetic
resonance
(NMR)
spectroscopy
applied
evaluate
stability
optimal
formulation.
biopharmaceutical
properties
investigated
using
vitro
drug
release
studies.
In
vivo
tests
assessed
physiological
parameters
such
as
hydration
transepidermal
water
loss.
Results:
developed
NADES-containing
significantly
improved
lidocaine.
Skin
studies
demonstrated
compared
with
ointment.
These
improvements,
namely
formulation
its
increased
permeation,
attributed
dual
effect
NADES.
Conclusions:
represent
promising
green
technology
for
formulating
lidocaine-containing
preparations.
approach
offers
biocompatible,
natural-based
that
can
enhance
bioavailability
efficacy
topical
anesthetics.
Gels,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
11(3), P. 208 - 208
Published: March 15, 2025
Buccal
drug
delivery
systems
often
struggle
with
poor
solubility,
limited
adhesion,
and
rapid
clearance,
leading
to
suboptimal
therapeutic
outcomes.
To
address
these
limitations,
we
developed
a
novel
hybrid
eutectogel
composed
of
xanthan
gum
(XTG),
hyaluronic
acid
(HA),
Natural
Deep
Eutectic
Solvent
(NADES)
system
(choline
chloride,
sorbitol,
glycerol
in
2:1:1
mole
ratio),
incorporating
2.5%
ibuprofen
(IBU)
as
model
drug.
The
formulation
was
optimized
using
face-centered
central
composite
design
enhance
the
rheological,
textural,
release
properties.
eutectogels
exhibited
shear-thinning
behavior
(flow
index,
n
=
0.26
±
0.01),
high
mucoadhesion
(adhesiveness:
2.297
0.142
N·s),
sustained
over
24
h,
governed
by
Higuchi
kinetics
(release
rate:
237.34
13.61
μg/cm2/min1/2).
ex
vivo
residence
time
increased
substantially
NADES
incorporation,
reaching
up
176.7
23.1
min.
An
anti-inflammatory
evaluation
showed
that
reduced
λ-carrageenan-induced
paw
edema
within
1
h
its
efficacy
kaolin
(p
<
0.05),
achieving
comparable
commercial
5%
IBU
gel,
despite
lower
concentration.
Additionally,
presented
minimum
inhibitory
concentration
for
Gram-positive
bacteria
25
mg/mL,
through
direct
contact,
it
microbial
viability
100%.
Its
against
Bacillus
cereus,
Enterococcus
faecium,
Klebsiella
pneumoniae,
combined
significant
properties,
positions
NADES-based
promising
multifunctional
platform
buccal
delivery,
particularly
inflammatory
conditions
complicated
bacterial
infections.
Frontiers in Natural Products,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
3
Published: Aug. 26, 2024
Natural
products
have
been
used
since
ancient
times
to
treat
various
ailments
and
recognized
for
many
years
as
a
source
of
therapeutic
agents
structural
diversity.
Plant-derived
thus
served
dietary
components
but
also
maintain
state
wellbeing
health
by
preventing
different
diseases
both
inflammatory
infective
nature.
Pentacyclic
triterpenoids,
particularly
ursolic
acid
(UA)
oleanolic
(OA),
are
well-studied
natural
endowed
with
complex
biological
profiles.
In
this
mini-review,
we
summarized
the
most
advanced
results
on
extraction
methodologies
antimicrobial
activity
UA
OA,
focusing
their
potential
role
antimicrobic
adjuvants,
bacterial
biofilm
inhibitors
related
mechanisms
action.
This
offers
theoretical
basis
inspiration
further
studies
bioactivity
mechanism.
Pharmaceuticals,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
17(10), P. 1316 - 1316
Published: Oct. 2, 2024
Objectives:
The
study
explores
the
potential
of
various
deep
eutectic
solvents
(DESs)
to
serve
as
drug
delivery
systems
and
pharmaceutical
excipients.
research
focuses
on
two
primary
objectives:
evaluating
ability
selected
DES
enhance
solubility
poorly
water-soluble
model
drugs
(IBU
MFA),
their
physicochemical
properties,
including
density,
viscosity,
flow
behavior,
surface
tension,
thermal
stability,
water
dilution
effects,
determine
suitability
for
applications.
Methods:
A
range
containing
pharmaceutically
acceptable
constituents
was
explored,
encompassing
organic
acid-based,
sugar-
sugar
alcohol-based,
hydrophobic
systems,
well
menthol
(MNT)-based
with
common
MNT-based
DESs
exhibited
most
significant
enhancements.
Results:
IBU
reached
379.69
mg/g
in
MNT:
PEG
400
(1:1)
356.3
MNT:oleic
acid
(1:1),
while
MFA
peaked
at
17.07
MNT:Miglyol
812®N
(1:1).
In
contrast,
hydrophilic
significantly
lower,
choline
chloride:
glycerol
(1:2)
arginine:
glycolic
(1:8)
showing
best
results.
While
demonstrating
lower
compared
sugar-based
increased
tunability
via
addition
both
terms
such
viscosity
tension.
Conclusions:
Our
introduces
novel
expanding
repertoire
formulations
opening
new
avenues
rational
design
tailored
solvent
overcome
challenges
delivery.
International Journal of Food Science & Technology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
59(5), P. 3271 - 3282
Published: March 18, 2024
Summary
The
research
focused
on
the
recovery
of
bioactive
compounds
from
beetroot
waste
(fresh
stalks)
using
an
innovative
and
microwave‐mediated
(mw)
procedure
that
could
allow
simultaneous
eutectic
solvent
preparation
matrix
extraction
(
in
situ
mw
NADES
extraction),
as
a
simplification
more
conventional
(natural
deep
solvents)
extractions.
main
goal
was
to
propose
fast
simple
“one‐pot”
extractive
approach
obtain
screen
non‐toxic,
ready‐to‐use
ingredients,
potentially
useful
food,
cosmetic
pharmaceutical
fields,
meanwhile
converting
residues,
worn‐out
plant
matrices
recycled
sources
with
significant
added
values.
With
this
purpose,
several
mixtures
natural
food‐grade
hydrogen
bond
donors
(choline
chloride
or
betaine)
acceptors
(fructose,
urea,
citric
acid,
glycerol)
were
selected
investigated
(in
opportune
ratios)
under
microwave
activation,
considering
time,
temperature,
solvent‐to‐matrix
ratio
influencing
variables
total
phenols
content
response.
By
method
developed,
best
results
obtained
within
5
min
at
70
°C
recoveries
around
0.5
mg
polyphenols
for
gram
fresh
stalks,
assessed
by
Folin–Ciocalteu
test.
suitability
NADES‐based
extractives,
radical
scavenging
agents,
evaluated
DPPH
assay,
which
highlighted
their
good
antioxidant
activity;
moreover,
monitoring
betacyanin
means
UV–vis
spectrophotometric
analyses,
it
evident
provide
relevant
stability
new
complexes
(up
3
months)
compared
water
(24
h).
process
proposed
be
also
preliminary
screenings
different
organic
matrices,
simplifying
workup,
streamlining
procedures,
reducing
costs.
