Intraspecific Variation of Transposable Elements Reveals Differences in the Evolutionary History of Fungal Phytopathogen Pathotypes

Genome Biology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(12)

Published: Nov. 16, 2023

Abstract Transposable elements (TEs) contribute to intraspecific variation and play important roles in the evolution of fungal genomes. However, our understanding processes that shape TE landscapes is limited, as relationship between content, population structure, evolutionary history species. Fungal plant pathogens, which often have host-specific populations, are useful systems study content diversity. Here, we describe dynamics five lineages Magnaporthe oryzae, fungus causes blast disease rice, wheat, many other grasses. We identified differences across these showed recent lineage-specific expansions certain TEs contributed overall greater rice-infecting Setaria-infecting lineages. reconstructed histories long terminal repeat-retrotransposon found some cases they were caused by complex proliferation one element others multiple from an older multiplying parallel. Additionally, evidence suggesting transfer a DNA transposon rice- wheat-infecting M. oryzae region showing homologous recombination those lineages, could facilitated such transfer. By investigating variation, uncovered key various pathotypes pathogen, giving us better pathogen itself.

Language: Английский

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Evolutionary perspective of Big tau structure: 4a exon variants of MAPT

Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Dec. 2, 2022

The MAPT gene encoding the microtubule-associated protein tau can generate multiple isoforms by alternative splicing giving rise to proteins which are differentially expressed in specific areas of nervous system and at different developmental stages. Tau plays important roles modulating microtubule dynamics, axonal transport, synaptic plasticity, DNA repair, has also been associated with neurodegenerative diseases (tauopathies) including Alzheimer's disease frontotemporal dementia. A unique high-molecular-weight isoform tau, originally found be peripheral projecting neurons, termed Big shown uniquely contain large exon 4a that significantly increases size 3D structure tau. With little progress since original discovery more than 25 years ago, we have now completed a comprehensive comparative study analyze against available databases respect composition exons as they evolved from early vertebrates primates human. We focused analysis on evolution variants their homology relative humans. discovered defining appears present vertebrate insert dramatically changed low sequence conservation despite stable range about 250aa, some species larger 4a-L 355aa. suggest independently an exonization process using new address growing complexities evolving systems. Thus, appearance repeated itself times during evolution, accentuating need across for elongated domain likely endows novel physiological functions well properties related neurodegeneration.

Language: Английский

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The blackcap (Sylvia atricapilla) genome reveals a recent accumulation of LTR retrotransposons

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: Sept. 30, 2023

Transposable elements (TEs) are mobile genetic that can move around the genome, and as such a source of genomic variability. Based on their characteristics we annotate TEs within host genome classify them into specific TE types families. The increasing number available high-quality references in recent years provides an excellent resource will enhance understanding role recently active variation phenotypic evolution. Here showcase use annotation to understand distinct effect ancient insertions evolution variation, our study species Eurasian blackcap (Sylvia atricapilla). We investigate how these categories distributed along evaluate coverage across is correlated with four features: recombination rate, gene coverage, CpG island GC content. found accumulation LTRs previously not seen birds. While was negatively both content correlation rate disappeared turned positive for when considering insertions.

Language: Английский

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Recent Bioinformatic Progress to Identify Epigenetic Changes Associated to Transposable Elements

Frontiers in Genetics, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: May 13, 2022

Transposable elements (TEs) are recognized for their great impact on the functioning and evolution of host genomes. They associated to various deleterious effects, which has led regulatory epigenetic mechanisms control activity. Despite these negative TEs also important actors in genomes by promoting genetic diversity new elements. Consequently, it is study modifications especially at a locus-specific level determine individual influence gene functioning. To this aim, short review presents current bioinformatic tools achieve task.

Language: Английский

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Horizontal Transposon Transfer and Their Ecological Drivers: The Case of Flower-breeding Drosophila

Genome Biology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(5)

Published: April 26, 2023

Abstract Understanding the mechanisms that shape architecture, diversity, and adaptations of genomes their ecological genetic interfaces is utmost importance to understand biological evolution. Transposable elements (TEs) play an important role in genome evolution, due ability transpose within between genomes, providing sites nonallelic recombination. Here we investigate patterns processes TE-driven evolution associated with niche diversification. Specifically, compared TE content, landscapes, frequency horizontal transposon transfers (HTTs) across flower-breeding Drosophila (FBD) different levels specialization on flowers. Further, investigated whether breadth geographical overlaps are a potential for HTT rates. Landscape analysis evidenced general phylogenetic pattern, which species D. bromeliae group presented L-shaped curves, indicating recent transposition bursts, whereas lutzii showed bimodal pattern. The great highly similar sequences recovered all FBD suggests these probably experienced pressures evolutionary histories contributed diversification mobilomes. Likewise, richness TEs superfamilies also appears be traits. Furthermore, two more widespread species, specialist incompta generalist lutzii, highest events. Our analyses revealed opportunities positively influenced by abiotic overlap but not relationships or breadth. This existence intermediate vectors promoting HTTs do necessarily present overlapping biotic niches.

Language: Английский

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