Viable SARS-CoV-2 Omicron sub-variants isolated from autopsy tissues DOI Creative Commons

Santiago Maffia‐Bizzozero,

Cintia Cevallos, Federico Remes Lenicov

et al.

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: May 22, 2023

Pulmonary and extrapulmonary manifestations have been described after infection with SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The virus is known to persist in multiple organs due its tropism for several tissues. However, previous reports were unable provide definitive information about whether viable transmissible. It has hypothesized that persisting reservoirs SARS-CoV-2 tissues could be one potentially overlapping causes long COVID.In present study, we investigated autopsy materials obtained from 21 cadaveric donors documented first or reinfection at time death. cases studied included recipients different formulations COVID-19 vaccines. aim was find presence lungs, heart, liver, kidneys, intestines. We used two technical approaches: detection quantification viral genomic RNA using RT-qPCR, infectivity permissive vitro Vero E6 culture.All analyzed showed but dissimilar levels ranging 1.01 × 102 copies/mL 1.14 108 copies/mL, even among those who had vaccinated. Importantly, amounts replication-competent detected culture media highest load measured lung (≈1.4 106 copies/mL) heart (≈1.9 samples. Additionally, based on partial Spike gene sequences, characterization revealed Omicron sub-variants exhibiting a high level nucleotide amino acid identity them.These findings highlight can spread tissue locations such as intestines, both primary reinfections variant, contributing extending knowledge pathogenesis acute understanding sequelae clinical are observed during post-acute COVID-19.

Language: Английский

Long-COVID Symptoms in Individuals Infected with Different SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern: A Systematic Review of the Literature DOI Creative Commons
César Fernández‐de‐las‐Peñas, Kin Israel Notarte, Princess Juneire Peligro

et al.

Viruses, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(12), P. 2629 - 2629

Published: Nov. 25, 2022

The association of SARS-CoV-2 variants with long-COVID symptoms is still scarce, but new data are appearing at a fast pace. This systematic review compares the prevalence according to relevant in COVID-19 survivors. MEDLINE, CINAHL, PubMed, EMBASE and Web Science databases, as well medRxiv bioRxiv preprint servers, were searched up 25 October 2022. Case-control cohort studies analyzing presence post-COVID after an acute infection by Alpha (B.1.1.7), Delta (B.1.617.2) or Omicron (B.1.1.529/BA.1) included. Methodological quality was assessed using Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. From 430 identified, 5 peer-reviewed 1 met inclusion criteria. sample included 355 patients infected historical variant, 512 41,563 57,616 variant. methodological all high. higher individuals variant (50%) compared those Alpha, variants. It seems that smallest, current heterogeneous, long-term have, this stage, obviously shorter follow-up earlier Fatigue most prevalent symptom variants, pain likewise prevalent. available suggest results fewer previous variants; however, small number lack control cofounders, e.g., reinfections vaccine status, some limit generality results. appears more likely develop symptomatology.

Language: Английский

Citations

146
Pathogenesis Underlying Neurological Manifestations of Long COVID Syndrome and Potential Therapeutics DOI Creative Commons
Albert Leng, Manuj Shah, Syed A. Ahmad

et al.

Cells, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(5), P. 816 - 816

Published: March 6, 2023

The development of long-term symptoms coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) more than four weeks after primary infection, termed "long COVID" or post-acute sequela COVID-19 (PASC), can implicate persistent neurological complications in up to one third patients and present as fatigue, "brain fog", headaches, cognitive impairment, dysautonomia, neuropsychiatric symptoms, anosmia, hypogeusia, peripheral neuropathy. Pathogenic mechanisms these long COVID remain largely unclear; however, several hypotheses both nervous system systemic pathogenic such SARS-CoV2 viral persistence neuroinvasion, abnormal immunological response, autoimmunity, coagulopathies, endotheliopathy. Outside the CNS, SARS-CoV-2 invade support stem cells olfactory epithelium leading alterations function. infection may induce abnormalities innate adaptive immunity including monocyte expansion, T-cell exhaustion, prolonged cytokine release, which cause neuroinflammatory responses microglia activation, white matter abnormalities, microvascular changes. Additionally, clot formation occlude capillaries endotheliopathy, due protease activity complement contribute hypoxic neuronal injury blood-brain barrier dysfunction, respectively. Current therapeutics target pathological by employing antivirals, decreasing inflammation, promoting regeneration. Thus, from laboratory evidence clinical trials literature, we sought synthesize pathophysiological pathways underlying potential therapeutics.

Language: Английский

Citations

119
Risk factors for post-COVID-19 condition (Long Covid) in children: a prospective cohort study DOI Creative Commons
Rosa Morello, Francesco Mariani, Luca Mastrantoni

et al.

EClinicalMedicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 59, P. 101961 - 101961

Published: April 14, 2023

Language: Английский

Citations

96
Long COVID: a clinical update DOI
Trisha Greenhalgh, Manoj Sivan,

Alice Perlowski

et al.

The Lancet, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 404(10453), P. 707 - 724

Published: July 31, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

85
Inflammatory and vascular biomarkers in post‐COVID‐19 syndrome: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of over 20 biomarkers DOI
Shin Jie Yong, Alice Halim, Michael Halim

et al.

Reviews in Medical Virology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 33(2)

Published: Jan. 27, 2023

Abstract Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 may inflict a post‐viral condition known as post‐COVID‐19 (PCS) or long‐COVID. Studies measuring levels of inflammatory and vascular biomarkers in blood, serum, plasma COVID‐19 survivors with PCS versus non‐PCS controls have produced mixed findings. Our review sought to meta‐analyse those studies. A systematic literature search was performed across five databases until 25 June 2022, an updated on 1 November 2022. Data analyses were Review Manager R Studio statistical software. Twenty‐four from 23 studies meta‐analysed. Higher C‐reactive protein (Standardized mean difference (SMD) = 0.20; 95% CI: 0.02–0.39), D‐dimer (SMD 0.27; 0.09–0.46), lactate dehydrogenase 0.30; 0.05–0.54), leukocytes 0.34; 0.02–0.66) found than without PCS. After sensitivity analyses, lymphocytes 0.12–0.48) interleukin‐6 0.12–0.49) also significantly higher cases. No significant differences noted the remaining investigated (e.g., ferritin, platelets, troponin, fibrinogen). Subgroup suggested biomarker changes mainly driven by cases diagnosed via manifestation organ abnormalities rather symptomatic persistence, well duration <6 ≥6 months. In conclusion, our pinpointed certain associated PCS, which shed light potential new approaches understanding, diagnosing, treating

Language: Английский

Citations

82
Post-COVID cognitive dysfunction: current status and research recommendations for high risk population DOI Creative Commons
Meina Quan,

Xuechu Wang,

Min Gong

et al.

The Lancet Regional Health - Western Pacific, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 38, P. 100836 - 100836

Published: July 5, 2023

Summary

Post-COVID cognitive dysfunction (PCCD) is a condition in which patients with history of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, usually three months from the onset, exhibit subsequent impairment various domains, and cannot be explained by an alternative diagnosis. While our knowledge risk factors management strategy PCCD still incomplete, it necessary to integrate current epidemiology, diagnosis treatment evidence, form consensus criteria better understand this disease improve management. Identifying vulnerable population providing reliable strategies for effective prevention urgently needed. In paper, we reviewed diagnostic markers, available treatments on disease, formed research recommendation framework population, under background post-COVID period.

Language: Английский

Citations

65
SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines, Vaccine Development Technologies, and Significant Efforts in Vaccine Development during the Pandemic: The Lessons Learned Might Help to Fight against the Next Pandemic DOI Creative Commons
Chiranjib Chakraborty, Manojit Bhattacharya, Kuldeep Dhama

et al.

Vaccines, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(3), P. 682 - 682

Published: March 17, 2023

We are currently approaching three years since the beginning of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. SARS-CoV-2 has caused extensive disruptions in everyday life, public health, and global economy. Thus far, vaccine worked better than expected against virus. During pandemic, we experienced several things, such as virus its pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, treatments; emerging variants; different vaccines; development processes. This review describes how each been developed approved with help modern technology. also discuss critical milestones during process. Several lessons were learned from countries two research, development, trials, vaccination. The process will to fight next

Language: Английский

Citations

64
Long COVID: a review and proposed visualization of the complexity of long COVID DOI Creative Commons
Rubeshan Perumal, Letitia Shunmugam, Kogieleum Naidoo

et al.

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: April 20, 2023

Post-Acute Sequelae of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus - 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, or Long COVID, is a prevailing second pandemic with nearly 100 million affected individuals globally and counting. We propose visual description the complexity COVID its pathogenesis that can be used by researchers, clinicians, public health officials to guide global effort toward an improved understanding eventual mechanism-based provision care afflicted patients. The proposed visualization framework for should evidence-based, dynamic, modular, systems-level approach condition. Furthermore, further research such could establish strength relationships between pre-existing conditions (or risk factors), biological mechanisms, resulting clinical phenotypes outcomes COVID. Notwithstanding significant contribution disparities in access social determinants have on disease course long our model focuses primarily mechanisms. Accordingly, sets out scientific, clinical, efforts better understand abrogate burden imposed

Language: Английский

Citations

63
Epidemiology, clinical presentation, pathophysiology, and management of long COVID: an update DOI

Sizhen Su,

Yi‐Miao Zhao, Na Zeng

et al.

Molecular Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 28(10), P. 4056 - 4069

Published: July 25, 2023

Language: Английский

Citations

62
SARS-CoV-2 Reinfections and Long COVID in the Post-Omicron Phase of the Pandemic DOI Open Access

Fotini Boufidou,

Snežana Medić, Vicky Lampropoulou

et al.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(16), P. 12962 - 12962

Published: Aug. 19, 2023

We are reviewing the current state of knowledge on virological and immunological correlates long COVID, focusing recent evidence for possible association between increasing number SARS-CoV-2 reinfections parallel pandemic COVID. The severity largely depends initial episode; in turn, this is determined both by a combination genetic factors, particularly related to innate immune response, pathogenicity specific variant, especially its ability infect induce syncytia formation at lower respiratory tract. cumulative risk COVID as well various cardiac, pulmonary, or neurological complications increases proportionally infections, primarily elderly. Therefore, cases expected remain high future. Reinfections apparently increase likelihood but less so if they mild asymptomatic children adolescents. Strategies prevent urgently needed, among older adults who have higher burden comorbidities. Follow-up studies using an established case definition precise diagnostic criteria people with without reinfection may further elucidate contribution burden. Although accumulating supports vaccination, before after infection, preventive strategy reduce more robust comparative observational studies, including randomized trials, needed provide conclusive effectiveness vaccination preventing mitigating all age groups. Thankfully, answers not only prevention, also treatment options rates recovery from gradually starting emerge.

Language: Английский

Citations

51