The long-term health outcomes, pathophysiological mechanisms and multidisciplinary management of long COVID

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 8(1)

Published: Nov. 1, 2023

Abstract There have been hundreds of millions cases coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2). With the growing population recovered patients, it crucial to understand long-term consequences and management strategies. Although COVID-19 was initially considered an illness, recent evidence suggests that manifestations including but not limited those cardiovascular, respiratory, neuropsychiatric, gastrointestinal, reproductive, musculoskeletal systems may persist long after phase. These persistent manifestations, also referred as COVID, could impact all patients with across full spectrum illness severity. Herein, we comprehensively review current literature on highlighting its epidemiological understanding, vaccinations, organ-specific sequelae, pathophysiological mechanisms, multidisciplinary In addition, psychological psychosomatic factors underscored. Despite these findings diagnostic therapeutic strategies based previous experience pilot studies remain inadequate, well-designed clinical trials should be prioritized validate existing hypotheses. Thus, propose primary challenges concerning biological knowledge gaps efficient remedies well discuss corresponding recommendations.

Language: Английский

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The role of inflammasomes in human diseases and their potential as therapeutic targets

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 9(1)

Published: Jan. 5, 2024

Abstract Inflammasomes are large protein complexes that play a major role in sensing inflammatory signals and triggering the innate immune response. Each inflammasome complex has three components: an upstream sensor molecule is connected to downstream effector such as caspase-1 through adapter ASC. Inflammasome formation typically occurs response infectious agents or cellular damage. The active then triggers activation, followed by secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines pyroptotic cell death. Aberrant activation activity contribute development diabetes, cancer, several cardiovascular neurodegenerative disorders. As result, recent research increasingly focused on investigating mechanisms regulate assembly well potential targeting inflammasomes treat various diseases. Multiple clinical trials currently underway evaluate therapeutic distinct inflammasome-targeting therapies. Therefore, understanding how different disease pathology may have significant implications for developing novel strategies. In this article, we provide summary biological pathological roles health disease. We also highlight key evidence suggests could be strategy new disease-modifying therapies effective conditions.

Language: Английский

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Probing long COVID through a proteomic lens: a comprehensive two-year longitudinal cohort study of hospitalised survivors

EBioMedicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 98, P. 104851 - 104851

Published: Nov. 3, 2023

As a debilitating condition that can impact whole spectrum of people and involve multi-organ systems, long COVID has aroused the most attention than ever. However, mechanisms are not clearly understood, underlying biomarkers affect long-term consequences COVID-19 paramount to be identified.

Language: Английский

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Laboratory Findings and Biomarkers in Long COVID: What Do We Know So Far? Insights into Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, Therapeutic Perspectives and Challenges

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(13), P. 10458 - 10458

Published: June 21, 2023

Long COVID (LC) encompasses a constellation of long-term symptoms experienced by at least 10% people after the initial SARS-CoV-2 infection, and so far it has affected about 65 million people. The etiology LC remains unclear; however, many pathophysiological pathways may be involved, including viral persistence; chronic, low-grade inflammatory response; immune dysregulation defective reactivation latent viruses; autoimmunity; persistent endothelial dysfunction coagulopathy; gut dysbiosis; hormonal metabolic dysregulation; mitochondrial dysfunction; autonomic nervous system dysfunction. There are no specific tests for diagnosis LC, clinical features laboratory findings biomarkers not specifically relate to LC. Therefore, is paramount importance develop validate that can employed prediction, prognosis its therapeutic response, although this effort hampered challenges pertaining non-specific nature majority manifestations in spectrum, small sample sizes relevant studies other methodological issues. Promising candidate found some patients markers systemic inflammation, acute phase proteins, cytokines chemokines; reflecting persistence, herpesviruses endotheliopathy, coagulation fibrinolysis; microbiota alterations; diverse proteins metabolites; biomarkers; cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers. At present, there only two reviews summarizing they do cover entire umbrella current biomarkers, their link etiopathogenetic mechanisms or diagnostic work-up comprehensive manner. Herein, we aim appraise synopsize available evidence on typical classification based pathogenetic main symptomatology frame epidemiological aspects syndrome furthermore assess limitations as well potential implications interventions.

Language: Английский

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Long COVID or Post-COVID-19 Condition: Past, Present and Future Research Directions

Microorganisms, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(12), P. 2959 - 2959

Published: Dec. 11, 2023

The presence of symptoms after an acute SARS-CoV-2 infection (long-COVID) has become a worldwide healthcare emergency but remains underestimated and undertreated due to lack recognition the condition knowledge underlying mechanisms. In fact, prevalence post-COVID ranges from 50% during first months up 20% two-years after. This perspective review aimed map existing literature on identify gaps in guide global effort toward improved understanding long-COVID suggest future research directions. There is plethora symptomatology that can be COVID-19; however, today, there no clear classification definition this condition, termed or post-COVID-19 condition. heterogeneity led groups/clusters patients, which could exhibit different risk factors Viral persistence, long-lasting inflammation, immune dysregulation, autoimmune reactions, reactivation latent infections, endothelial dysfunction alteration gut microbiota have been proposed as potential mechanisms explaining complexity long-COVID. such equation, viral biology (e.g., re-infections, variants), host genetics, epigenetics) external vaccination) should also considered. These various will discussed current directions suggested.

Language: Английский

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Differentiation of Prior SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Postacute Sequelae by Standard Clinical Laboratory Measurements in the RECOVER Cohort

Annals of Internal Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 177(9), P. 1209 - 1221

Published: Aug. 12, 2024

There are currently no validated clinical biomarkers of postacute sequelae SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC).

Language: Английский

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Chronic inflammation in post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 modulates gut microbiome: a review of literature on COVID-19 sequelae and gut dysbiosis

Molecular Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 31(1)

Published: Jan. 23, 2025

Language: Английский

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The demographic, laboratory and genetic factors associated with long Covid-19 syndrome: a case–control study

Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 24(1)

Published: Jan. 17, 2024

Abstract Long Covid-19 syndrome (LCS) manifests with a wide range of clinical symptoms, yet the factors associated LCS remain poorly understood. The current study aimed to investigate relationships that demographic characteristics, history, laboratory indicators, and frequency HLA-I alleles have likelihood developing LCS. We extracted characteristics histories from medical records 88 cases (LCS + group) 96 individuals without − group). Furthermore, we evaluated serum levels interleukin (IL)-6 tumor necrosis factor-α, parameters, frequencies alleles. Following this used multiple logistic regression association these variables had Subjects in group were more likely experienced severe symptoms higher body mass index (BMI), white blood cell, lymphocyte counts, C-reactive protein (CRP), IL-6 than those (for all: P < 0.05). Moreover, HLA-A*11, -B*14, -B*38, -B*50, -C*07 After adjusting for most important variables, suffering was significantly BMI, CRP, IL-6, alleles, as well positive history Our showed during acute phase disease, elevated CRP levels, all an increased

Language: Английский

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Elevated hyaluronic acid levels in severe SARS-CoV-2 infection in the post-COVID-19 era

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Feb. 8, 2024

Objective Human identical sequences of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) promoted the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) progression by upregulating hyaluronic acid (HA) via NamiRNA-enhancer network, based on previous experimental research. This study aimed to investigate predictive value HA for severity SARS-CoV-2 infection in post-COVID-19 era. Methods A total 217 consecutive patients with COVID-19 were enrolled at Beijing Ditan Hospital between July 2023 and October 2023. levels analyzed using biochemical detector. Logistic regression analysis was used screen independent factors COVID-19. The performance assessed ROC curve. Furthermore, relationship investigated multivariate logistic models after adjustment potential confounders. Results According cut-off HA, divided into &lt; 90 ng/mL group (80 cases) ≥ (137 cases). High positively associated infection, including elevated inflammatory indicators, lung involvement, prolonged clinical course, higher incidence failure death (P 0.05). suggested that an predictor (OR = 4.540, 95% CI 2.105-9.790, P 0.001). curve showed AUC 0.724. significantly cases compared healthy population (123.9 (82.6, 174.1) vs. 50.5 (37.8, 66.8), 0.001), but similar those non-SARS-CoV-2 (121.6 (78.5, 175.6) 106.0 (66.5, 149.7), 0.244). We also found first infections had (118.8 (79.5, 174.3) 85.0 (61.1, 128.8), 0.001) a proportion (37.1% 21.3%, 0.043) than re-infections. However, expression failed fully return normal recovery (204.7 (152.9, 242.2) 97.0 (69.3, 137.3), Conclusion could be as novel serum biomarker predict risk

Language: Английский

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Brain-targeted autoimmunity is strongly associated with Long COVID and its chronic fatigue syndrome as well as its affective symptoms

medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Oct. 5, 2023

Abstract Background Autoimmune responses contribute to the pathophysiology of Long COVID, affective symptoms and myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS). Objectives To examine whether its accompanying CFS are associated with immunoglobulin (Ig)A/IgM/IgG directed at neuronal proteins including myelin basic protein (MBP), oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG), synapsin, α+β-tubulin, neurofilament (NFP), cerebellar protein-2 (CP2), blood-brain-barrier-brain-damage (BBD) claudin-5 S100B. Methods IgA / IgM/IgG above proteins, human herpes virus-6 (HHV-6) Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) were measured in 90 COVID patients healthy controls, while C-reactive (CRP), advanced oxidation products (AOPP) association ratings additionally assessed a subgroup thereof. Results is significant increases IgG tubulin (IgG-tubulin), MBP, MOG synapsin; IgM-MBP, MOG, CP2, synapsin BBD; IgA-CP2 synapsin. IgM-SARS-CoV-2 IgM-HHV-6 antibody titers significantly correlated IgA/IgG/IgM-tubulin -CP2, IgG/IgM-BBD, IgM-MOG, IgA/IgM-NFP, IgG/IgM-synapsin. Binary logistic regression analysis shows that IgM-MBP IgG-MBP best predictors COVID. Multiple IgG-MOG, CRP AOPP explain together 41.7% variance severity CFS. Neural network IgM-synapsin, IgA-MBP, IgA-synapsin, IgA-CP2, most important due predictive accuracy r=0.801. Conclusion Brain-targeted autoimmunity contributes pathogenesis physio-affective phenome.

Language: Английский

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