Scientific Reports,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
11(1)
Published: Dec. 13, 2021
Abstract
Alzheimer’s
disease
(AD)
is
associated
with
the
deposition
of
β-amyloid
in
brain.
AD
accounts
for
over
50%
cases
dementia
which
results
from
disturbances
redox
homeostasis.
Indeed,
increased
intensity
protein
oxidation
and
nitration
as
well
lipid
peroxidation
observed
brain
areas
considerable
amounts
amyloid
plaques
neurofibrillary
tangles.
However,
little
known
about
oxidoreductive
balance
salivary
glands
patients.
Therefore,
aim
this
study
was
to
evaluate
antioxidant
barrier
oxidative/nitrosative
stress
biomarkers
stimulated
saliva
blood
The
participated
by
25
patients
non-demented
controls
without
neurological
diseases
or
cognitive
impairment,
matched
age
gender
group.
number
determined
based
on
a
previous
pilot
(test
power
=
0.9).
We
found
significant
decrease
activity
erythrocyte
superoxide
dismutase
(SOD)
glutathione
peroxidase
(GPx),
catalase
(CAT)
reduced
concentration
plasma
non-enzymatic
antioxidants
(uric
acid,
UA
glutathione,
GSH).
In
contrast,
we
significantly
decreased
all
enzymes
(SOD,
CAT
GPx)
GSH
compared
control
content
(malondialdehyde,
MDA)
(advanced
products,
AOPP;
advanced
glycation
end-products,
AGE)
products
nitrosative
(peroxynitrite,
nitrotyrosine)
higher
both
controls.
patients,
also
secretion
total
content,
an
increase
concentration.
conclusion,
imbalance
towards
oxidative
reactions,
at
level
oral
cavity
entire
body.
General
do
not
coincide
disturbances.
Reduction
reflects
secretory
dysfunction
parotid
glands.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2019,
Volume and Issue:
20(4), P. 874 - 874
Published: Feb. 18, 2019
The
latest
studies
have
indicated
a
strong
relationship
between
systemic
insulin
resistance
(IR)
and
higher
incidence
of
neurodegeneration,
dementia,
mild
cognitive
impairment.
Although
some
these
abnormalities
could
be
explained
by
chronic
hyperglycaemia,
hyperinsulinemia,
dyslipidaemia,
and/or
prolonged
whole-body
inflammation,
the
key
role
is
attributed
to
neuronal
redox
imbalance
oxidative
damage.
In
this
mini
review,
we
provide
schematic
overview
intracellular
stress
mitochondrial
in
IR
brain.
We
highlight
important
correlations
found
so
far
brain
stress,
ceramide
generation,
β-amyloid
accumulation,
as
well
apoptosis
conditions.
Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity,
Journal Year:
2019,
Volume and Issue:
2019, P. 1 - 12
Published: Dec. 5, 2019
Despite
the
proven
role
of
oxidative
stress
in
numerous
systemic
diseases
and
process
aging,
little
is
still
known
about
salivary
redox
balance
healthy
children,
adults,
elderly.
Our
study
was
first
to
assess
antioxidant
barrier,
status,
damage
nonstimulated
(NWS)
stimulated
(SWS)
saliva
as
well
blood
samples
individuals
at
different
ages.
We
divided
90
generally
people
into
three
equally
numbered
groups
based
on
age:
2–14
(children
adolescents),
25–45
(adults),
65–85
(elderly
people).
Antioxidant
enzymes
(salivary
peroxidase
(Px),
glutathione
(GPx),
catalase
(CAT),
superoxide
dismutase-1
(SOD)),
nonenzymatic
antioxidants
(reduced
(GSH)
uric
acid
(UA)),
status
(total
capacity
(TAC),
total
oxidant
(TOS),
index
(OSI)),
products
(advanced
glycation
end
(AGE),
advanced
oxidation
protein
(AOPP),
malondialdehyde
(MDA))
were
evaluated
NWS
SWS
erythrocyte/plasma
samples.
demonstrated
that
defense
most
effective
aged
25–45.
In
elderly,
we
observed
a
progressive
decrease
efficiency
central
systems
(↓GPx,
↓SOD,
↓GSH,
↓TAC
erythrocytes
plasma
vs.
adults)
(↓Px,
↓UA,
(↓TAC
adults).
Both
local
less
efficient
children
adolescents
than
group
middle-aged
people,
which
indicates
age-related
immaturity
mechanisms.
Oxidative
proteins
(↑AGE,
↑AOPP)
lipids
(↑MDA)
significantly
higher
elderly
comparison
with
adults
children/adolescents.
Of
all
biomarkers,
only
reflected
their
content
plasma.
The
level
biomarkers
did
not
vary
gender.
Free Radical Research,
Journal Year:
2019,
Volume and Issue:
53(8), P. 841 - 850
Published: June 25, 2019
Still
little
is
known
about
the
redox
abnormalities
in
patients
with
non-alcoholic
fatty
liver
disease
(NAFLD).
The
purpose
of
study
was
to
find
relationship
between
enzymatic
and
non-enzymatic
antioxidants,
homeostasis
oxidative
damage
67-patients
NAFLD.
population
divided
into
(early
NAFLD,
n
=
29)
steatohepatitis
(advanced
38).
Redox
biomarkers:
antioxidants
(Cu
-
Zn-superoxide
dismutase
(SOD),
catalase
(CAT),
glutathione
peroxidase
(GPx),
reductase
(GR));
status
(reduced
(GSH),
total
antioxidant
capacity
(TAC));
products
(total
oxidant
(TOS),
advanced
glycation
end
(AGE),
malondialdehyde
(MDA),
DNA/RNA
damage)
were
determined
serum/plasma
samples.
activity
SOD,
GPx,
GR
levels
GSH,
TOS,
AGE,
MDA,
significantly
elevated
early
NAFLD
group
compared
controls
(p
<
.001).
There
a
positive
correlation
TAC
ALT
(R
0.34,
p
.04;
R
0.36,
.03,
respectively)
group.
Interestingly,
ROC
analysis
for
AGE
showed
good
discriminatory
ratio
minimal
steatosis
(BARD
score
0-1)
vs.
moderate
2-4),
AUC
0.76.
Plasma
can
be
potential
non-invasive
biomarker
differentiating
patients.
Antioxidants,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
10(9), P. 1353 - 1353
Published: Aug. 26, 2021
Alzheimer’s
disease
(AD)
is
a
neurodegenerative
disorder
accounting
for
over
50%
of
all
dementia
patients
and
representing
leading
cause
death
worldwide
the
global
ageing
population.
The
lack
effective
treatments
overt
AD
urges
discovery
biomarkers
early
diagnosis,
i.e.,
in
subjects
with
mild
cognitive
impairment
(MCI)
or
prodromal
AD.
brain
exposed
to
oxidative
stress
as
levels
reactive
oxygen
species
(ROS)
are
increased,
whereas
cellular
antioxidant
defenses
decreased.
Increased
ROS
can
damage
structures
molecules,
protein,
lipid,
DNA,
RNA
oxidation.
Oxidative
involved
molecular
mechanisms
which
link
accumulation
amyloid-β
neurofibrillary
tangles,
containing
hyperphosphorylated
tau,
microglia
response.
In
this
scenario,
thought
play
crucial
role
not
only
events
pathogenesis
but
also
progression
disease.
This
review
will
focus
on
products
possible
peripheral
preclinical
phases
Particular
attention
be
paid
biological
fluids
such
blood,
CSF,
urine,
saliva,
potential
future
use
molecules
contained
body
differential
diagnosis
monitoring
course.
We
and,
more
broadly,
neurodegeneration.
Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity,
Journal Year:
2018,
Volume and Issue:
2018(1)
Published: Jan. 1, 2018
Oxidative
stress
is
a
key
pathogenic
factor
in
both
neurogenerative
and
metabolic
diseases.
However,
its
contribution
the
brain
complications
of
insulin
resistance
still
not
well
understood.
Therefore,
aim
this
study
was
evaluation
redox
homeostasis
oxidative
damage
hypothalamus
cerebral
cortex
insulin-resistant
control
rats.
16
male
Wistar
rats
were
divided
into
two
equal
groups
(n
=
8):
high
fat
diet
group
(HFD).
Prooxidant
enzymes
(xanthine
oxidase
NADPH
oxidase);
enzymatic
nonenzymatic
antioxidants
[glutathione
peroxidase
(GPx),
glutathione
reductase
(GR),
catalase
(CAT),
superoxide
dismutase-1
(SOD-1),
uric
acid
(UA)];
products
[advanced
glycation
end
(AGE),
4-hydroxynonenal
(4-HNE),
malondialdehyde
(MDA),
8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine
(8-OHdG)]
as
total
antioxidant
capacity
(TAC),
oxidant
status
(TOS),
index
(OSI),
ferric
reducing
ability
sample
(FRAP)
evaluated
serum/plasma
HFD-fed
The
activity
prooxidant
significantly
increased
vs.
Additionally,
we
have
showed
enhanced
efficiency
(↑CAT,
↑UA,
↑TAC,
↑FRAP)
(↑GPx,
↑CAT,
↑SOD-1,
All
markers
(AGE,
4-HNE,
MDA,
8-OHdG,
OSI)
rats,
while
only
4-HNE
MDA
markedly
higher
HFD
group.
Summarizing,
results
our
indicate
an
adaptive
response
to
production
free
radicals
under
conditions.
Despite
increase
antioxidative
defense
systems,
mechanism
does
protect
structures
from
damages.
more
susceptible
caused
by
HFD.
Antioxidants,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
9(5), P. 450 - 450
Published: May 23, 2020
Periodontitis
is
inextricably
linked
to
oxidative-reductive
(redox)
imbalance.
However,
little
still
known
about
the
resultant
ability
scavenge
oxygen
free
radicals
in
saliva
and
gingival
crevicular
fluid
patients
with
periodontitis.
The
multitude
of
enzymatic
non-enzymatic
antioxidants
their
synergistic
effects
cause
an
interest
evaluation
total
antioxidative
capacity.
Thus,
our
study
aimed
evaluate
oxidative
activity
periodontitis,
as
well
relate
these
biomarkers
clinical
indices
periodontopathy.
Additionally,
by
calculating
stress
index
(OSI),
intensity
redox
disturbances
was
also
evaluated.
Fifty-eight
periodontitis
were
included
divided
into
two
subgroups
depending
on
severity
disease.
In
non-stimulated/stimulated
a
group,
we
found
significantly
higher
OSI
oxidant
status
(TOS)
lower
antioxidant
capacity
(TAC).
reduce
iron
ions
(FRAP)
only
stimulated
non-stimulated
examined
parameters
correlated
periodontium’s
condition,
which
indicates
exacerbation
inflammatory
process.
TAC,
TOS,
OSI,
FRAP
did
not
differentiate
individual
stages
ECS Sensors Plus,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
1(2), P. 021603 - 021603
Published: June 1, 2022
Cavitas
sensors
and
point-of-need
capable
of
providing
physical
biochemical
information
from
the
oral
cavity
saliva
have
attracted
great
attention
because
they
offer
remarkable
advantages
for
noninvasive
sensing
systems.
Herein,
we
introduce
basic
anatomy
physiology
important
body
cavities
to
understand
their
characteristics
as
it
is
a
pivotal
foundation
successful
development
in-mouth
devices.
Next,
advanced
in
lab-in-a-mouth
analyzing
are
explained.
In
addition,
discuss
integrations
artificial
intelligence
electronic
technologies
smart
networks
healthcare
This
review
ends
with
discussion
challenges,
future
research
trends,
opportunities
relevant
disciplines.
Mouthguard-based
conventional
salivary
devices
will
continue
be
significant
progress
next-generation
