Blood-Based Biomarkers for Alzheimer’s Disease Diagnosis and Progression: An Overview

Cells, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(8), P. 1367 - 1367

Published: April 17, 2022

Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by amyloid-β (Aβ) plaque deposition and neurofibrillary tangle accumulation in the brain. Although several studies have been conducted to unravel complex interconnected pathophysiology of AD, clinical trial failure rates high, no disease-modifying therapies are presently available. Fluid biomarker discovery for AD rapidly expanding field research aimed at anticipating diagnosis following progression over time. Currently, Aβ

Language: Английский

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Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease: Beyond Symptomatic Therapies

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(18), P. 13900 - 13900

Published: Sept. 9, 2023

In an ever-increasing aged world, Alzheimer’s disease (AD) represents the first cause of dementia and one chronic diseases in elderly people. With 55 million people affected, WHO considers AD to be a with public priority. Unfortunately, there are no final cures for this pathology. Treatment strategies aimed mitigate symptoms, i.e., acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEI) N-Methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonist Memantine. At present, best approaches managing seem combine pharmacological non-pharmacological therapies stimulate cognitive reserve. Over last twenty years, number drugs have been discovered acting on well-established biological hallmarks AD, deposition β-amyloid aggregates accumulation hyperphosphorylated tau protein cells. Although previous efforts disappointed expectations, new era treating has working its way recently. The Food Drug Administration (FDA) gave conditional approval disease-modifying therapy (DMT) treatment aducanumab, monoclonal antibody (mAb) designed against Aβ plaques oligomers 2021, January 2023, FDA granted accelerated second antibody, Lecanemab. This review describes ongoing clinical trials DMTs therapies. We will also present future scenario based biomarkers that can detect preclinical or prodromal stages, identify at risk developing allow early curative treatment.

Language: Английский

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Exploring Therapeutic Potential of Catalase: Strategies in Disease Prevention and Management

Biomolecules, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(6), P. 697 - 697

Published: June 14, 2024

The antioxidant defense mechanisms play a critical role in mitigating the deleterious effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Catalase stands out as paramount enzymatic antioxidant. It efficiently catalyzes decomposition hydrogen peroxide (H

Language: Английский

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Naturally Occurring Antioxidant Therapy in Alzheimer’s Disease

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(2), P. 213 - 213

Published: Jan. 23, 2022

It is estimated that the prevalence rate of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) will double by year 2040. Although currently available treatments help with symptom management, they do not prevent, delay progression of, or cure disease. Interestingly, a shared characteristic AD and other neurodegenerative diseases disorders oxidative stress. Despite profound evidence supporting role stress in pathogenesis AD, none treatment options address Recently, attention has been placed on use antioxidants to mitigate effects central nervous system. In preclinical studies utilizing cellular animal models, natural showed therapeutic promise when administered alone combination compounds. More recently, concept antioxidant therapy explored as novel approach preventing treating conditions present contributing factor. this review, relationship between pathology neuroprotective from sources are discussed. Additionally, potential preventatives and/or for examined, special paid combinations conjugates being investigated human clinical trials.

Language: Английский

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Intracellular Molecular Targets and Signaling Pathways Involved in Antioxidative and Neuroprotective Effects of Cannabinoids in Neurodegenerative Conditions

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(10), P. 2049 - 2049

Published: Oct. 18, 2022

In the last few decades, endocannabinoids, plant-derived cannabinoids and synthetic have received growing interest as treatment options in neurodegenerative conditions. various experimental settings, they displayed antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, immunomodulatory, neuroprotective effects. However, due to numerous targets downstream effectors of their action, cellular molecular mechanisms underlying these effects are rather complex still under discussion. Cannabinoids able neutralize free radicals modulate production reactive oxygen species activity antioxidative systems acting on CB1 CB2 cannabinoid receptors. The activation receptors stimulates signaling pathways involved defense survival (such phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), Nrf2 pathways) regulates glutamatergic signaling, N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, calcium influx, induction Ca2+-regulated cascades, whereas mediated by suppression microglial release prooxidative proinflammatory mediators. This review summarizes main new advances understanding cannabinoids. Because plethora possible pharmacological interventions related oxidative stress cannabinoid-mediated neuroprotection, future research should be directed towards a better interplay between activated signal transduction with aim improve efficacy targeting endocannabinoid system.

Language: Английский

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Oxytosis/Ferroptosis in Neurodegeneration: the Underlying Role of Master Regulator Glutathione Peroxidase 4 (GPX4)

Molecular Neurobiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 61(3), P. 1507 - 1526

Published: Sept. 19, 2023

Language: Английский

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Non-Enzymatic Antioxidants against Alzheimer’s Disease: Prevention, Diagnosis and Therapy

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(1), P. 180 - 180

Published: Jan. 12, 2023

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive memory loss and cognitive decline. Although substantial research has been conducted to elucidate the complex pathophysiology of AD, therapeutic approach still limited efficacy in clinical practice. Oxidative stress (OS) established as an early driver several age-related diseases, including neurodegeneration. In increased levels reactive oxygen species mediate neuronal lipid, protein, nucleic acid peroxidation, mitochondrial dysfunction, synaptic damage, inflammation. Thus, identification novel antioxidant molecules capable detecting, preventing, counteracting AD onset progression utmost importance. However, although studies have published, comprehensive up-to-date overviews principal anti-AD agents harboring properties remain scarce. this narrative review, we summarize role vitamins, minerals, flavonoids, non-flavonoids, mitochondria-targeting molecules, organosulfur compounds, carotenoids non-enzymatic antioxidants with diagnostic, preventative, potential, thereby offering insights into relationship between OS

Language: Английский

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Oxidative stress–mediated neuroinflammation in Alzheimer’s disease

Naunyn-Schmiedeberg s Archives of Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: June 4, 2024

Language: Английский

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Targeting the molecular web of Alzheimer’s disease: unveiling pathways for effective pharmacotherapy

The Egyptian Journal of Neurology Psychiatry and Neurosurgery, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 60(1)

Published: Jan. 11, 2024

Abstract Introduction Alzheimer’s disease is a neurocognitive disorder that affects elderly people by slowly impaired cognition, dementia, and gets worse with age. It impacts the quality of life. Clinically, it distinguished transition from episodic memory to gradual reduction in cognitive ability leading dysfunction. Neurofibrillary tangles amyloid plaques are unique structures thought have role pathogenesis Alzheimer's disease. In this review, we focus our attention on risk factors, pathophysiology, etiology, epidemiology, stages, diagnosis, treatment, mechanisms, pathways, ongoing clinical trials data risks potentially associated development Short summary This review aims extrapolate information about Preliminary research was done selecting reviews PubMed, Elsevier, Google open-access publications using keywords like “Alzheimer, neurodegenerative, memory, β, mechanism action, pathways”. Conclusion Here show discussion interpretation several signaling pathways such as β plaque cleavage, Metal ion hypothesis, degradation, initiation amyloidogenic non-amyloidogenic pathway, oxidative stress Metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance tau phosphorylation apolipoprotein- cholesterol, neurofibrillary accumulation, which significant for better understanding progression. On studying trials, found current drugs being tested crenezumab, gantenerumab sodium oligonucleotide. Graphical

Language: Английский

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Flavonoids as Potential Therapeutics Against Neurodegenerative Disorders: Unlocking the Prospects

Neurochemical Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 49(8), P. 1926 - 1944

Published: June 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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