Aging and aging-related diseases: from molecular mechanisms to interventions and treatments

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 7(1)

Published: Dec. 16, 2022

Aging is a gradual and irreversible pathophysiological process. It presents with declines in tissue cell functions significant increases the risks of various aging-related diseases, including neurodegenerative cardiovascular metabolic musculoskeletal immune system diseases. Although development modern medicine has promoted human health greatly extended life expectancy, aging society, variety chronic diseases have gradually become most important causes disability death elderly individuals. Current research on focuses elucidating how endogenous exogenous stresses (such as genomic instability, telomere dysfunction, epigenetic alterations, loss proteostasis, compromise autophagy, mitochondrial cellular senescence, stem exhaustion, altered intercellular communication, deregulated nutrient sensing) participate regulation aging. Furthermore, thorough pathogenesis to identify interventions that promote longevity caloric restriction, microbiota transplantation, nutritional intervention) clinical treatment methods for (depletion senescent cells, therapy, antioxidative anti-inflammatory treatments, hormone replacement therapy) could decrease incidence turn healthy longevity.

Language: Английский

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Mechanisms of mitochondrial dysfunction and their impact on age-related macular degeneration

Progress in Retinal and Eye Research, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 79, P. 100858 - 100858

Published: April 13, 2020

Oxidative stress-induced damage to the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is considered be a key factor in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) pathology. RPE cells are constantly exposed oxidative stress that may lead accumulation of damaged cellular proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and organelles, including mitochondria. The ubiquitin-proteasome lysosomal/autophagy pathways two major proteolytic systems remove proteins organelles. There increasing evidence proteostasis disturbed as evidenced by lysosomal lipofuscin extracellular drusen AMD. Nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor-2 (NFE2L2) peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1α) master transcription factors regulation antioxidant enzymes, clearance systems, biogenesis precise cause onset progression AMD not fully understood. However, mitochondria dysfunction, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) observed together with protein aggregation inflammation In contrast, functional prevent suppress inflammation. Here, we will discuss role pathology focused on mtDNA repair, autophagy/mitophagy signaling, Mitochondria putative therapeutic targets or treat

Language: Английский

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ROS systems are a new integrated network for sensing homeostasis and alarming stresses in organelle metabolic processes

Redox Biology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 37, P. 101696 - 101696

Published: Aug. 27, 2020

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are critical for the progression of cardiovascular diseases, inflammations and tumors. However, mechanisms how ROS sense metabolic stress, regulate pathways initiate proliferation, inflammation cell death responses remain poorly characterized. In this analytic review, we concluded that: 1) Based on different features functions, eleven types can be classified into seven functional groups: stress-sensing, chemical connecting, organelle communication, stress branch-out, inflammasome-activating, dual functions triple ROS. 2) Among generation systems, mitochondria consume most amount oxygen; nine generated; thus, mitochondrial systems serve as central hub connecting with inflammasome activation, trained immunity immunometabolic pathways. 3) Increased nuclear production significantly promotes in comparison to that other organelles. Nuclear a convergent decision-makers connect unbearable alarming stresses death. 4) Balanced levels indicate physiological homeostasis various processes subcellular organelles cytosol, while imbalanced present alarms pathological processes. these analyses, propose working model new integrated network sensing Our provides novel insights roles bridging inflammation, tumorigenesis; provide therapeutic targets treating those diseases. (Word count: 246).

Language: Английский

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Oxidative Stress-Induced Endothelial Dysfunction in Cardiovascular Diseases

Frontiers in Bioscience-Landmark, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 27(3)

Published: March 18, 2022

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major cause of mortality worldwide. A better understanding the mechanisms underlying CVD key for management or prevention. Oxidative stress has been strongly implicated in pathogenesis CVD. Indeed, several studies demonstrated that reactive oxygen species (ROS), via different mechanisms, can lead to endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction, player etiology CVDs. ROS appears modulate plethora EC biological processes are critical integrity function. This review seeks dissect role oxidative stress-induced dysfunction development, with emphasis on and pathways. Special attention given ROS-induced reduction NO bioavailability, inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction. appraisal these pathways may be essential attenuate reverse hence, reduce burden.

Language: Английский

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The Role of Oxidative Stress and Natural Antioxidants in Ovarian Aging

Frontiers in Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: Jan. 14, 2021

The ovarian system comprises vital organs in females and is of great significance for the maintenance reproductive potential endocrine stability. Although complex pathogenesis undoubtedly contributes to aging, increasing attention being paid extensive influence oxidative stress. However, role stress aging yet be fully elucidated. Exploring stress-related processes might a promising strategy against aging. In this review, compelling evidence shown that plays etiology promotes development other aging-related etiologies, including telomere shortening, mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis, inflammation. addition, some natural antioxidants such as quercetin, resveratrol, curcumin have protective ovaries through multiple mechanisms. These findings raise prospect modulator-natural therapeutic interventions delaying

Language: Английский

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Senescence in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration

Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 77(5), P. 789 - 805

Published: Jan. 2, 2020

Language: Английский

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Overview of the Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Selected Plant Compounds and Their Metal Ions Complexes

Molecules, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 26(16), P. 4886 - 4886

Published: Aug. 12, 2021

Numerous plant compounds and their metal-ion complexes exert antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, other beneficial effects. This review highlights the different bioactivities of flavonoids, chromones, coumarins metal-ions due to structural characteristics. In addition insight into most studied antioxidative properties these compounds, first part provides a comprehensive overview exogenous endogenous sources reactive oxygen nitrogen species, oxidative stress-mediated damages lipids proteins, on protective roles antioxidant defense systems, including plant-derived antioxidants. Additionally, covers anti-inflammatory antimicrobial activities which support its application in medicine, pharmacy, cosmetology.

Language: Английский

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ROS-Scavenging Therapeutic Hydrogels for Modulation of the Inflammatory Response

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 14(20), P. 23002 - 23021

Published: Dec. 28, 2021

Although reactive oxygen species (ROS) are essential for cellular processes, excessive ROS could be a major cause of various inflammatory diseases because the oxidation proteins, DNA, and membrane lipids. It has recently been suggested that amount thus regulated to treat such physiological disorders. A ROS-scavenging hydrogel is promising candidate therapeutic applications its high biocompatibility, 3D matrix, ability modified. Approaches conferring antioxidant properties normal hydrogels include embedding catalytic nanoparticles, modifying polymer chains with ROS-adsorbing organic moieties, incorporating ROS-labile linkers in backbones. Such can used wound healing, cardiovascular diseases, bone repair, ocular neurodegenerative eliminate oxidative stress, accelerate regeneration process, show synergetic effects other drugs or molecules. In this review, mechanisms by which generated scavenged body outlined, levels resulting stress on described. Next, mechanism scavenging explained depending agents embedded within hydrogel. Lastly, recent achievements development inflammation-associated presented.

Language: Английский

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The Relevance of Oxidative Stress in the Pathogenesis and Therapy of Retinal Dystrophies

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 9(4), P. 347 - 347

Published: April 23, 2020

Retinal cell survival requires an equilibrium between oxygen, reactive oxygen species, and antioxidant molecules that counteract oxidative stress damage. Oxidative alters homeostasis elicits a protective response, which is most relevant in photoreceptors retinal ganglion cells, neurons with high metabolic rate are continuously subject to light/oxidative insults. We analyze how the alteration of cellular endogenous pathways for protection against leads dysfunction prevalent (age-related macular degeneration, glaucoma) as well rare genetic visual disorders (Retinitis pigmentosa, Leber hereditary optic neuropathy). also highlight some key molecular actors discuss potential therapies using antioxidants agents, modulators gene expression inducers cytoprotective signaling treat damaging effects ameliorate severe phenotypic symptoms multifactorial dystrophies.

Language: Английский

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The Pathomechanism, Antioxidant Biomarkers, and Treatment of Oxidative Stress-Related Eye Diseases

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(3), P. 1255 - 1255

Published: Jan. 23, 2022

Oxidative stress is an important pathomechanism found in numerous ocular degenerative diseases. To provide a better understanding of the mechanism and treatment oxidant/antioxidant imbalance-induced diseases, this article summarizes provides updates on relevant research. We review oxidative damage (e.g., lipid peroxidation, DNA lesions, autophagy, apoptosis) that occurs different areas eye cornea, anterior chamber, lens, retina, optic nerve). then introduce antioxidant mechanisms present eye, as well diseases occur result imbalances keratoconus, cataracts, age-related macular degeneration, glaucoma), biomarkers, potential predictive diagnostics. Finally, we discuss natural therapies for stress-related

Language: Английский

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