Regulatory B cells, A to Z

Allergy, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 76(9), P. 2699 - 2715

Published: Feb. 6, 2021

B cells play a central role in the immune system through production of antibodies. During past two decades, it has become increasingly clear that also have capacity to regulate responses mechanisms extend beyond antibody production. Several types human and murine regulatory been reported suppress inflammatory autoimmune disease, allergy, infection, transplantation, cancer. Key suppressive molecules associated with B-cell function include cytokines IL-10, IL-35, TGF-β as well cell membrane-bound such programmed death-ligand 1, CD39, CD73, aryl hydrocarbon receptor. Regulatory can be induced by range different stimuli, including microbial products TLR4 or TLR9 ligands, IL-6, IL-1β, IFN-α, CD40 ligation. This review provides an overview our current knowledge on cells. We discuss cells, which they exert their functions, factors lead induction alteration diseases.

Language: Английский

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Regulatory B Cells—Immunopathological and Prognostic Potential in Humans

Cells, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(4), P. 357 - 357

Published: Feb. 18, 2024

The aim of the following review is to shed light on putative role regulatory B cells (Bregs) in various human diseases and highlight their potential prognostic therapeutic relevance humans. Regulatory are a heterogeneous group lymphocytes capable suppressing inflammatory immune reactions. In this way, Bregs contribute maintenance tolerance homeostasis by limiting ongoing reactions temporally spatially. play an important attenuating pathological that can be associated with transplant rejection, graft-versus-host disease, autoimmune allergies but also infectious, neoplastic metabolic diseases. Early studies identified IL-10 as functional molecule, so IL-10-secreting murine B10 cell still considered prototype Breg, has long been central search for Breg equivalents. However, over past two decades, other molecules may immunosuppressive function have discovered, some which only present Bregs. This expanded arsenal includes several anti-inflammatory cytokines, such IL-35 TGF-β, enzymes CD39/CD73, granzyme IDO well surface proteins including PD-L1, CD1d CD25. summary, illustrates concise comprehensive manner although share common features leading prominent immunpathologies, they composed pool different types rather phenotypic transcriptional properties.

Language: Английский

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Bruton’s Tyrosine Kinase (BTK) Inhibitors and Autoimmune Diseases: Making Sense of BTK Inhibitor Specificity Profiles and Recent Clinical Trial Successes and Failures

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: Nov. 3, 2021

Clinical development of BTK kinase inhibitors for treating autoimmune diseases has lagged behind these drugs cancers, due in part from concerns over the lack selectivity and associated toxicity profiles first generation drug candidates when used long term treatment immune mediated diseases. Second have made great strides limiting off-target activities distantly related kinases, though they had variable success at cross-reactivity within more closely TEC family kinases. We investigated specificity profiles, properties, disease signaling pathways, clinical indications, trial successes failures 13 inhibitor tested phase 2 or higher trials representing 7 inflammatory immune-mediated focused on rheumatoid arthritis (RA), multiple sclerosis (MS), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) where majority nonclinical studies been reported, with additional information pemphigus vulgaris (PV), Sjogren’s (SJ), chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU), graft versus host (GVHD), asthma included available. While improved kinases outside less profile distinction was evident family. Analysis genetic associations RA, MS, SLE biomarkers members revealed that may not be drivers disease. They are, however, mediators pathways pathophysiology particular B cell myeloid differentiation as well autoantibody implicated Successes clinic PV, ITP, GVHD, but SJ support concept plays an important role mediating pathogenic processes amenable to therapeutic intervention, depending Based data collected this study, we propose current compound characteristics achieved selectivity, safety, coverage requirements necessary deliver benefit.

Language: Английский

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Research progress of the application of mesenchymal stem cells in chronic inflammatory systemic diseases

Stem Cell Research & Therapy, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: Jan. 8, 2022

Abstract Chronic inflammatory systemic diseases are the result of body's immune imbalance, with a long course and recurring episodes. Immunosuppressants main treatment, but not all patients respond well to it. Being capable both self-renewal differentiation into multiple tissue cells low immunogenicity, mesenchymal stem cell is promising treatment for chronic diseases. In this article, we describe research progress clinical application in look influencing factors biomarkers that can predict outcome patient transplantation.

Language: Английский

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B Cells Dynamic in Aging and the Implications of Nutritional Regulation

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(4), P. 487 - 487

Published: Feb. 8, 2024

Aging negatively affects B cell production, resulting in a decrease B-1 and B-2 cells impaired antibody responses. Age-related subsets contribute to inflammation. Investigating age-related alterations the B-cell pool developing targeted therapies are crucial for combating autoimmune diseases elderly. Additionally, optimal nutrition, including carbohydrates, amino acids, vitamins, especially lipids, play vital role supporting immune function mitigating decline activity. Research on influence of lipids shows promise improving diseases. Understanding aging considering nutritional interventions can inform strategies promoting healthy reducing disease burden.

Language: Английский

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Effective high-throughput isolation of fully human antibodies targeting infectious pathogens

Nature Protocols, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 16(7), P. 3639 - 3671

Published: May 25, 2021

Language: Английский

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Immunomodulatory Effect of MSCs and MSCs-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: Sept. 16, 2021

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a common autoimmune connective tissue disease with unclear etiology and pathogenesis. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) MSC derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) play important roles in regulating innate adaptive immunity, which are involved many physiological pathological processes contribute to the immune homeostasis SLE. The effects of MSCs EVs on SLE have been drawing more attention during past few years. This article reviews immunomodulatory underlying mechanisms MSC/MSC-EVs SLE, provides novel insight into understanding pathogenesis guiding biological therapy.

Language: Английский

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Epigenetic regulation of B cells and its role in autoimmune pathogenesis

Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 19(11), P. 1215 - 1234

Published: Oct. 12, 2022

Abstract B cells play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. Although previous studies have shown many genetic polymorphisms associated with B-cell activation patients various disorders, progress epigenetic research has revealed new mechanisms leading to hyperactivation. Epigenetic mechanisms, including those involving histone modifications, DNA methylation, and noncoding RNAs, regulate responses, their dysregulation can contribute Patients diseases show alterations that lead initiation perpetuation inflammation. Moreover, clinical animal model promising potential therapies for patients. In this review, we present an up-to-date overview focus on roles regulating functional subsets. Furthermore, discuss highlight its contribution development Based preclinical evidence, novel biomarkers disorders.

Language: Английский

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Current Treatment Approach, Emerging Therapies and New Horizons in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Life, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(7), P. 1496 - 1496

Published: July 1, 2023

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), the prototype of systemic autoimmune diseases is characterized by extreme heterogeneity with a variable clinical course. Renal involvement may be observed and affects outcome. Hydroxychloroquine should administered to every patient irrespective organ involvement. Conventional immunosuppressive therapy includes corticosteroids, methotrexate, cyclophosphamide, mycophenolate mofetil, azathioprine, cyclosporine tacrolimus. However, despite conventional treatment, flares occur broad immunosuppression accompanied multiple side effects. Flare occurrence, target involvement, effects increased knowledge pathogenetic mechanisms involved in SLE pathogenesis as well availability biologic agents has led application management. Biologic targeting various paths have been applied. B cell used successfully. Belimumab, agent, approved for treatment SLE. Rituximab, an anti-CD20 agent also Anifrolumab, interferon I receptor-targeting beneficial on In conclusion, applied further evaluated aim good response significant improvement quality life.

Language: Английский

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Adipose-derived stem cells in immune-related skin disease: a review of current research and underlying mechanisms

Stem Cell Research & Therapy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Feb. 8, 2024

Abstract Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) are a critical adult cell subpopulation and widely utilized in the fields of regenerative medicine research due to their abundance, ease harvest, low immunogenicity. ASCs, which homologous with skin by nature, can treat immune-related diseases promoting regeneration conferring immunosuppressive effects, latter being most important therapeutic mechanism. ASCs regulate immune response direct cell–cell communication cells, such as T macrophages, B cells. In addition interactions, modulate indirectly secreting cytokines, interleukins, growth factors, extracellular vesicles. The immunomodulatory effects have been exploited many good outcomes. This article reviews mechanisms underlying well progress on diseases.

Language: Английский

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