Sorghum in dryland: morphological, physiological, and molecular responses of sorghum under drought stress

Planta, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 255(1)

Published: Dec. 11, 2021

Abstract Main conclusion Droughts negatively affect sorghum’s productivity and nutritional quality. Across its diversity centers, however, there exist resilient genotypes that function differently under drought stress at various levels, including molecular physiological. Sorghum is an economically important a staple food crop for over half billion people in developing countries, mostly arid semi-arid regions where major limiting factor. Although sorghum generally considered tolerant, still significantly hampers quality across cultivation areas. Hence, understanding both the effects of plant response indispensable improving tolerance crop. This review aimed enhancing our provide more insights on as contribution to development climate cultivars. We summarized findings growth osmotic potential impedes germination process embryonic structures, photosynthetic rates, imbalance source-sink relations turn seed filling often manifested form substantial reduction grain yield Mechanisms drought-stress involving morphological, physiological, alterations are presented. highlighted current about genetic basis sorghum, which maximizing utilization germplasm improved Furthermore, we discussed interactions with other abiotic stresses biotic factors, may increase vulnerability or enhance stress. Based research reviewed this article, it appears possible develop locally adapted cultivars tolerant nutrient rich using modern breeding techniques.

Language: Английский

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Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR): A Rampart against the Adverse Effects of Drought Stress

Water, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(3), P. 418 - 418

Published: Jan. 19, 2023

Abiotic stress significantly limits plant growth and production. Drought, in particular, is a severe constraint that affects agricultural productivity on global scale. Water induces plants set of morpho-anatomical (modification root leaf structure), physiological, biochemical (relative water content, membrane stability, photosynthesis, hormonal balance, antioxidant systems, osmolyte accumulation) changes mainly employed to cope with the drought stress. These strategies allow overcome unfavorable period limited availability. Currently, promising alternative available improve tolerance under conditions. The use osmotolerant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) as inoculants can alleviate by increasing efficiency plant. PGPR drought, through morphology architecture system, production phytohormones, extracellular polysaccharides, ACC 1-(aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate) deaminase, volatile chemicals, accumulation. They may also enhance defense system induce transcriptional regulation response genes. This review addresses effects growth, adaptation, conditions discusses significant potential modulate physiological against scarcity, ensuring survival improving resistance crops.

Language: Английский

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Drought and High Temperature Stress in Sorghum: Physiological, Genetic, and Molecular Insights and Breeding Approaches

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 22(18), P. 9826 - 9826

Published: Sept. 11, 2021

Sorghum is one of the staple crops for millions people in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and South Asia (SA). The future climate these sorghum production regions likely to have unexpected short or long episodes drought and/or high temperature (HT), which can cause significant yield losses. Therefore, achieve food nutritional security, HT stress tolerance ability must be genetically improved. Drought mechanism, stay green, grain under has been widely studied. However, novel traits associated with (restricted transpiration root architecture) need explored utilized breeding. In sorghum, knowledge on limited. Heat shock transcription factors, dehydrins, genes hormones such as auxin, ethylene, abscisic acid compatible solutes are involved modulation. contrast, our understanding at omic level limited needs attention. Breeding programs exploited narrow genetic genomic resources develop heat tolerant lines. Reproductive stages relatively more sensitive compared vegetative stages. breeding should incorporate appropriate pre-flowering post-flowering a broad base population heterotic hybrid pipelines. Currently, than 240 QTLs reported tolerance-associated prospecting discovery trait markers. Identifying better physiological mechanisms quantification variability may enhance tolerance. improved by screening large germplasm collections identify lines incorporation those into elite Systems approaches help identifying best donors incorporated SSA SA programs. Integrated use high-throughput precision phenomics genomics deliver range genotypes that improve resilience stresses.

Language: Английский

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Sorghum Pan-Genome Explores the Functional Utility for Genomic-Assisted Breeding to Accelerate the Genetic Gain

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: June 1, 2021

Sorghum ( bicolor L.) is a staple food crops in the arid and rainfed production ecologies. plays critical role resilient farming projected as smart crop to overcome nutritional insecurity developing world. The development characterisation of sorghum pan-genome will provide insight into genome diversity functionality, supporting improvement. We built using reference genomes well 354 genetically diverse accessions belonging different races. explored structural functional characteristics explain its utility genetic gain. newly-developed has total 35,719 genes, core 16,821 genes an average 32,795 each cultivar. variable are enriched with environment responsive classify according their race. show that 53% display presence-absence variation, some these predicted be functionally associated drought adaptation traits. Using more than two million SNPs from pan-genome, association analysis identified 398 significantly important agronomic traits, which, 92 were genes. Drought gene expression 1,788 linked conditions, which 79 absent assembly. This study provides comprehensive genomic resources can used assisted

Language: Английский

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Omics for the Improvement of Abiotic, Biotic, and Agronomic Traits in Major Cereal Crops: Applications, Challenges, and Prospects

Plants, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 10(10), P. 1989 - 1989

Published: Sept. 23, 2021

Omics technologies, namely genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and phenomics, are becoming an integral part of virtually every commercial cereal crop breeding program, as they provide substantial dividends per unit time in both pre-breeding phases. Continuous advances omics assure efficiency cost benefits to improve crops. This review provides a comprehensive overview the established methods five major cereals, rice, sorghum, maize, barley, bread wheat. We cover evolution technologies each section independently concentrate on their use economically important agronomic well biotic abiotic stress-related traits. Advancements (1) identification, mapping, sequencing molecular/structural variants; (2) high-density transcriptomics data study gene expression patterns; (3) global targeted proteome profiling protein structure interaction; (4) metabolomic quantify organ-level, small-density metabolites, composition; (5) high-resolution, high-throughput, image-based phenomics approaches surveyed this review.

Language: Английский

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Morpho-physiological effects of moisture, heat and combined stresses on Sorghum bicolor [Moench (L.)] and its acclimation mechanisms

Plant Stress, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 2, P. 100018 - 100018

Published: June 15, 2021

Increasing incidences of combined drought and heat stress poses a serious threat to production productivity crops in sub-Saharan Africa where 95% crop is rainfed. In this review we discuss the morphological physiological effects stresses, with specific emphasis on their sorghum, hardy small grain diverse uses suitable for marginal areas semi-arid tropics. Resistance mechanisms were reviewed enhance understanding amongst scientists botanists. The most important processes sorghum that sensitive stresses include cell division, metabolism, photosynthesis, biosynthesis bioactive secondary metabolites, nutrient uptake membrane stability. All which affects germination, growth, reproduction consequently controls yield. Various traits enable tolerate through escaping, avoiding tolerating sustain metabolic activities. A deep root system, thick leaf cuticle layers rolling avoidance, while adjustments osmotic adjustment stomatal regulation. Drought tolerance are mainly such as antioxidative capacity, stability, cooler canopies stay green trait achieves photosynthetic capacity transpiration efficiency. However, there great genetic variability even within genotypic responses stress. Understanding abiotic especially when specified like gives us better insight more holistic approach biological systems affect its may management improvement.

Language: Английский

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An Overview of Abiotic Stress in Cereal Crops: Negative Impacts, Regulation, Biotechnology and Integrated Omics

Plants, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 10(7), P. 1472 - 1472

Published: July 19, 2021

Abiotic stresses (AbS), such as drought, salinity, and thermal stresses, could highly affect the growth development of plants. For decades, researchers have attempted to unravel mechanisms AbS for enhancing corresponding tolerance plants, especially crop production in agriculture. In present communication, we summarized significant factors (atmosphere, soil water) AbS, their regulations, integrated omics most important cereal crops world, rice, wheat, sorghum, maize. It has been suggested that using systems biology advanced sequencing approaches genomics help solve response cereals. An emphasis was given holistic as, bioinformatics functional omics, gene mining agronomic traits, genome-wide association studies (GWAS), transcription (TFs) family with respect AbS. addition, improved address identification responsive genes it enables interaction between signaling pathways, molecular insights, novel traits significance crops. This review compares resources provide a comprehensive view mechanisms. Moreover, further are needed obtain information from databases understand large spectrum AbS-tolerant production.

Language: Английский

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Integrated transcriptome, proteome and metabolome analyses revealed secondary metabolites and auxiliary carbohydrate metabolism augmenting drought tolerance in rice

Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 201, P. 107849 - 107849

Published: June 17, 2023

Language: Английский

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The roles of plant proteases and protease inhibitors in drought response: a review

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: April 18, 2023

Upon exposure to drought, plants undergo complex signal transduction events with concomitant changes in the expression of genes, proteins and metabolites. For example, proteomics studies continue identify multitudes drought-responsive diverse roles drought adaptation. Among these are protein degradation processes that activate enzymes signalling peptides, recycle nitrogen sources, maintain turnover homeostasis under stressful environments. Here, we review differential functional activities plant protease inhibitor stress, mainly focusing on comparative involving genotypes contrasting phenotypes. We further explore transgenic either overexpressing or repressing proteases their inhibitors conditions discuss potential transgenes response. Overall, highlights integral role during survival water deficits, irrespective genotypes’ level resilience. However, drought-sensitive exhibit higher proteolytic activities, while drought-tolerant tend protect from by expressing more inhibitors. In addition, biology implicate various other physiological functions stress. These include regulation stomatal closure, maintenance relative content, phytohormonal systems including abscisic acid (ABA) signalling, induction ABA-related stress all which essential for maintaining cellular deficits. Therefore, validation required limitation contributions towards

Language: Английский

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Sorghum: a Star Crop to Combat Abiotic Stresses, Food Insecurity, and Hunger Under a Changing Climate: a Review

Journal of soil science and plant nutrition, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 24(1), P. 74 - 101

Published: Jan. 5, 2024

Language: Английский

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