Microglia, Lifestyle Stress, and Neurodegeneration

Immunity, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 52(2), P. 222 - 240

Published: Jan. 7, 2020

Language: Английский

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Glial Perturbation in Metal Neurotoxicity: Implications for Brain Disorders

Neuroglia, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 6(1), P. 4 - 4

Published: Jan. 6, 2025

Overexposure of humans to heavy metals and essential poses a significant risk for the development neurological neurodevelopmental disorders. The mechanisms through which these exert their effects include generation reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial dysfunction, activation inflammatory pathways, disruption cellular signaling. function glial cells in brain maintenance homeostasis cannot be overlooked. are particularly susceptible metal-induced neurotoxicity. Accumulation promotes microglial activation, triggering responses that can coincide with other neurotoxicity, inducing alteration synaptic transmission, cognitive deficit, neuronal damage. In this review, we highlighted role dysfunction some selected neurodegenerative diseases We further dive into how exposure such as nickel, manganese, methyl mercury, cadmium, iron, arsenic, lead affect functions microglia, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes they on relation Potential therapeutic interventions use new improved chelating agents antioxidant therapies might approach alleviating perturbations.

Language: Английский

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Unveiling the Chemistry of Citrus Peel: Insights into Nutraceutical Potential and Therapeutic Applications

Foods, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(11), P. 1681 - 1681

Published: May 27, 2024

The recent millennium has witnessed a notable shift in consumer focus towards natural products for addressing lifestyle-related disorders, driven by their safety and cost-effectiveness. Nutraceuticals functional foods play an imperative role meeting nutritional needs offering medicinal benefits. With increased scientific knowledge awareness, the significance of healthy lifestyle, including diet, reducing disease risk is widely acknowledged, facilitating access to diverse safer diet longevity. Plant-based rich phytochemicals are increasingly popular effectively utilized management. Agricultural waste from plant-based being recognized as valuable source nutraceuticals dietary interventions. Citrus peels, known flavonoids, emerging promising health-promoting ingredient. Globally, citrus production yields approximately 15 million tons by-products annually, highlighting substantial potential utilizing phyto-therapeutic nutraceutical applications. peels with concentrations ranging 2.5 5.5 g/100 g dry weight, depending on variety. most abundant flavonoids peel include hesperidin naringin, well essential oils monoterpenes like limonene. extracts exhibit high antioxidant capacity, DPPH radical scavenging activities 70 90%, comparable synthetic antioxidants BHA BHT. Additionally, present have been found properties, which can help reduce oxidative stress 30% cardiovascular 25%. Potent anti-inflammatory effects also demonstrated, inflammatory markers such IL-6 TNF-α up 40% cell culture studies. These findings highlight diet-based therapies.

Language: Английский

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In vitro neuronal and glial response to magnetically stimulated piezoelectric poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV)/cobalt ferrite (CFO) microspheres

Biomaterials Advances, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 159, P. 213798 - 213798

Published: Feb. 10, 2024

Polymer biomaterials are being considered for tissue regeneration due to the possibility of resembling different extracellular matrix characteristics. However, most current scaffolds cannot respond physical-chemical modifications cell microenvironment. Stimuli-responsive materials, such as electroactive smart polymers, increasingly gaining attention once they can produce electrical potentials without external power supplies. The presence piezoelectricity in human tissues like cartilage and bone highlights importance stimulation physiological conditions. Although poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) is one piezoelectric polymers with highest response, it not biodegradable. Poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) a promising copolymer poly(hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) engineering applications. It offers biodegradability, properties, biocompatibility, bioactivity, making superior option PVDF biomedical purposes requiring biodegradability. Magnetoelectric polymer composites be made by combining magnetostrictive particles further tune their properties regeneration. These convert magnetic stimuli into stimuli, generating local various Cobalt ferrites (CFO) have been combined processed morphologies, maintaining biocompatibility engineering. present work studied how PHBV/CFO microspheres affected neural glial response spinal cord cultures. expected that signals generated these magnetoelectric nature could aid repair. were cytotoxic able impact neurite outgrowth promote neuronal differentiation. Furthermore, led microglia activation induced release several bioactive molecules. Importantly, magnetically stimulated ameliorated viability after an vitro ROS-induced lesion cultures, which suggests beneficial effect on

Language: Английский

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Novel potential therapeutic targets of alopecia areata

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: April 19, 2023

Alopecia areata (AA) is a non-scarring hair loss disorder caused by autoimmunity. The immune collapse of the follicle, where interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and CD8+ T cells accumulate, key factor in AA. However, exact functional mechanism remains unclear. Therefore, AA treatment has poor efficacy maintenance high relapse rate after drug withdrawal. Recent studies show that immune-related molecules affect These communicate through autocrine paracrine signals. Various cytokines, chemokines growth factors mediate this crosstalk. In addition, adipose-derived stem (ADSCs), gut microbiota, follicle melanocytes, non-coding RNAs specific regulatory have crucial roles intercellular communication without clear cause, suggesting potential new targets for therapy. This review discusses latest research on possible pathogenesis therapeutic

Language: Английский

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Mechanisms Underlying Neurodegenerative Disorders and Potential Neuroprotective Activity of Agrifood By-Products

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(1), P. 94 - 94

Published: Dec. 30, 2022

Neurodegenerative diseases, characterized by progressive loss in selected areas of the nervous system, are becoming increasingly prevalent worldwide due to an aging population. Despite their diverse clinical manifestations, neurodegenerative diseases multifactorial disorders with standard features and mechanisms such as abnormal protein aggregation, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress inflammation. As there no effective treatments counteract increasing interest has been directed potential neuroprotective activities plant-derived compounds found abundantly food agrifood by-products. Food waste extremely negative impact on environment, recycling is needed promote disposal overcome this problem. Many studies have carried out develop green strategies extract bioactive from by-products, peel, leaves, seeds, bran, kernel, pomace, oil cake, investigate biological activity. In review, we focused activity wastes obtained common products widely produced consumed Italy, grapes, coffee, tomatoes, olives, chestnuts, onions, apples, pomegranates.

Language: Английский

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CRISPR/Cas9 mediated gene correction ameliorates abnormal phenotypes in spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells

Translational Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 11(1)

Published: Sept. 17, 2021

Abstract Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3/Machado–Joseph disease (SCA3/MJD) is a progressive autosomal dominant neurodegenerative caused by abnormal CAG repeats in the exon 10 of ATXN3 . The accumulation mutant ataxin-3 proteins carrying expanded polyglutamine (polyQ) leads to selective degeneration neurons. Since pathogenesis SCA3 has not been fully elucidated, and no effective therapies have identified, it crucial investigate seek new therapeutic strategies SCA3. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can be used as ideal cell model for molecular polyQ diseases. Abnormal expansions mediated CRISPR/Cas9 genome engineering technologies shown promising potential treatment diseases, including In this study, SCA3-iPSCs corrected replacement (74 CAG) with normal (17 using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated homologous recombination (HR) strategy. Besides, retained karyotype, which differentiated into neural (NSCs) neuronal cells, maintained electrophysiological characteristics. expression differentiation markers characteristics were similar among from control iPSCs (Ctrl-iPSCs), SCA3-iPSCs, isogenic SCA3-iPSCs. Furthermore, study proved that phenotypic abnormalities neurons, aggregated IC2-polyQ protein, decreased mitochondrial membrane (MMP) glutathione expressions, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS), intracellular Ca 2+ concentrations, lipid peroxidase malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, all rescued SCA3-NCs. For first time, demonstrated feasibility HR strategy precisely repair reverse corresponding phenotypes. addition, importance genetic modeling. Our work may contribute providing mechanism research autologous therapy or other offer good gene future treatment.

Language: Английский

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Combined cell-based therapy strategies for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease: focus on mesenchymal stromal cells

Neural Regeneration Research, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 18(3), P. 478 - 478

Published: Aug. 22, 2022

Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative condition characterized by motor impairments caused the selective loss of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra. Levodopa an effective and well-tolerated dopamine replacement agent. However, levodopa provides only symptomatic improvements, without affecting underlying pathology, associated with side effects after long-term use. Cell-based promising strategy that offers possibility to replace lost treatment. Clinical studies transplantation human fetal ventral mesencephalic tissue have provided evidence grafted can reinnervate striatum, release dopamine, integrate into host neural circuits, improve functions. One limiting factors for cell therapy low survival rate cells. Different could cause death grafting such as mechanical trauma, growth factor deprivation, hypoxia, neuroinflammation. Neurotrophic play essential role direct, timely, controllable delivery neurotrophic brain faces important limitations. types cells secrete constitutively co-transplantation these represents feasible increase neuronal survival. In this review, we provide general overview pioneering on developed patients animal models disease, focus factor-secreting cells, particular interest mesenchymal stromal cells; co-implanted would serve graft outcomes.

Language: Английский

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Application of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in neurodegenerative disorders: History, findings, and prospective challenges

Pathology - Research and Practice, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 247, P. 154541 - 154541

Published: May 18, 2023

Language: Английский

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The New Era of Therapeutic Strategies for the Treatment of Retinitis Pigmentosa: A Narrative Review of Pathomolecular Mechanisms for the Development of Cell-Based Therapies

Biomedicines, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(10), P. 2656 - 2656

Published: Sept. 28, 2023

Retinitis pigmentosa, defined more properly as cone–rod dystrophy, is a paradigm of inherited diffuse retinal dystrophies, one the rare diseases with highest prevalence in worldwide population and main causes low vision pediatric elderly age groups. Advancements understanding molecular biology gene-editing technologies have raised interest laying foundation for new therapeutic strategies diseases. As consequence, possibilities clinicians patients are arising due to feasibility treating such devastating disorder, reducing its complications. The scope this review focuses on pathomolecular mechanisms underlying RP better understand prospects treatment using innovative approaches.

Language: Английский

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