Role of Oxidative Stress on SARS-CoV (SARS) and SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Infection: A Review

The Protein Journal, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 39(6), P. 644 - 656

Published: Oct. 26, 2020

Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has resulted in a global pandemic and is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Several studies have suggested that precise disulfide-thiol balance crucial for viral entry fusion into the host cell oxidative stress generated from free radicals can affect this balance. Here, we reviewed current knowledge about role of on SARS-CoV SARS-CoV-2 infections. We focused impact antioxidants, like NADPH glutathione, redox proteins, such as thioredoxin protein disulfide isomerase, maintain cell. The possible influence these biomolecules binding with angiotensin-converting enzyme II receptor well severity COVID-19 infection was discussed.

Language: Английский

---

The Role of Glutathione in Protecting against the Severe Inflammatory Response Triggered by COVID-19

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 9(7), P. 624 - 624

Published: July 16, 2020

The novel COVID-19 pandemic is affecting the world’s population differently: mostly in presence of conditions such as aging, diabetes and hypertension virus triggers a lethal cytokine storm patients die from acute respiratory distress syndrome, whereas many cases disease has mild or even asymptomatic progression. A common denominator all associated with appears to be impaired redox homeostasis responsible for reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation; therefore, levels glutathione (GSH), key anti-oxidant guardian tissues, could critical extinguishing exacerbated inflammation that organ failure COVID-19. present review provides biochemical investigation mechanisms leading deadly severe COVID-19, counterbalanced by GSH. pathways competing GSH are described illustrate events concurring cause depletion endogenous stocks. Drawing on evidence literature demonstrates reduced main clinically disease, we highlight relevance restoring attempt protect most vulnerable subjects symptoms Finally, discuss current data about feasibility increasing levels, which used prevent subdue disease.

Language: Английский

---

“LONG COVID”—A hypothesis for understanding the biological basis and pharmacological treatment strategy

Pharmacology Research & Perspectives, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10(1)

Published: Jan. 13, 2022

Abstract Infection of humans with SARS‐CoV‐2 virus causes a disease known colloquially as “COVID‐19” symptoms ranging from asymptomatic to severe pneumonia. Initial pathology is due the binding ACE‐2 protein on endothelial cells lining blood vessels and entering these in order replicate. Viral replication oxidative stress elevated levels reactive oxygen species. Many (~60%) infected people appear have eliminated their body after 28 days resume normal activity. However, significant proportion (~40%) experience variety (loss smell and/or taste, fatigue, cough, aching pain, “brain fog,” insomnia, shortness breath, tachycardia) 12 weeks are diagnosed syndrome named “LONG COVID.” Longitudinal clinical studies group subjects who were been compared non‐infected matched subjects. A cohort can be identified by battery cytokine markers persistent, low level grade inflammation often self‐report two or more troubling symptoms. There no drug that will relieve effectively. It hypothesized drugs activate intracellular transcription factor, nuclear factor erythroid‐derived 2‐like 2 (NRF2) may increase expression enzymes synthesize antioxidant, glutathione quench free radicals causing stress. The hormone melatonin has an activator NRF2 relatively safe chemical for most ingest chronically. Thus, it option consideration re‐purposing COVID” experiencing depression, fog” but not tachycardia. Appropriately designed trials required evaluate melatonin.

Language: Английский

---

Multitalented Synthetic Antimicrobial Peptides and Their Antibacterial, Antifungal and Antiviral Mechanisms

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(1), P. 545 - 545

Published: Jan. 4, 2022

Despite the great strides in healthcare during last century, some challenges still remained unanswered. The development of multi-drug resistant bacteria, alarming growth fungal infections, emerging/re-emerging viral diseases are yet a worldwide threat. Since discovery natural antimicrobial peptides able to broadly hit several pathogens, peptide-based therapeutics have been under lenses researchers. This review aims focus on synthetic and elucidate their multifaceted mechanisms action as antiviral, antibacterial antifungal agents. Antimicrobial generally affect highly preserved structures, e.g., phospholipid membrane via pore formation or other constitutive targets like peptidoglycans Gram-negative Gram-positive glucan cell wall. Additionally, particularly active biofilm destabilizing microbial communities. They can also act intracellularly, protein biosynthesis DNA replication. Their intracellular properties extended upon infection since influence steps along virus life cycle starting from receptor-cell interaction budding. Besides mode action, improvements manufacturing increase half-life performances taken into consideration together with advantages impairments clinical usage. Thus far, progress new approaches is making them promising tool counteract emerging infections.

Language: Английский

---

Exploring Therapeutic Potential of Catalase: Strategies in Disease Prevention and Management

Biomolecules, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(6), P. 697 - 697

Published: June 14, 2024

The antioxidant defense mechanisms play a critical role in mitigating the deleterious effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Catalase stands out as paramount enzymatic antioxidant. It efficiently catalyzes decomposition hydrogen peroxide (H

Language: Английский

---

Peppermint and menthol: a review on their biochemistry, pharmacological activities, clinical applications, and safety considerations

Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 26

Published: Jan. 3, 2024

In this manuscript, we conducted a comprehensive review of the diverse effects peppermint on human health and explored potential underlying mechanisms. Peppermint contains three main groups phytochemical constituents, including essential oils (mainly menthol), flavonoids (such as hesperidin, eriodictyol, naringenin, quercetin, myricetin, kaempferol), nonflavonoid phenolcarboxylic acids. exhibits antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, anti-cancer, anti-aging, analgesic properties may be effective in treating various disorders, gastrointestinal disorders (e.g., irritable bowel syndrome, dyspepsia, constipation, functional nausea/vomiting, gallbladder stones). addition, has therapeutic benefits for psychological cognitive health, dental urinary retention, skin wound healing, well anti-depressant anti-anxiety effects, it improve memory. However, paradoxical sleep quality alertness, been shown to patients with fatigue anxiety, while also increasing alertness under conditions monotonous work relaxation. We discuss its protective against toxic agents at recommended doses, safety toxicity. Overall, provides latest findings insights into clinical peppermint/menthol highlights natural agent conditions.

Language: Английский

---

Combating Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in COVID‐19 by Molecular Hydrogen Therapy: Mechanisms and Perspectives

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 2021(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2021

COVID-19 is a widespread global pandemic with nearly 185 million confirmed cases and about four deaths. It caused by an infection the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), which primarily affects alveolar type II pneumocytes. The induces pathological responses including increased inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis. This situation results in impaired gas exchange, hypoxia, other sequelae that lead to multisystem organ failure death. As summarized this article, many interventions therapeutics have been proposed investigated combat viral infection-induced inflammation stress contributes etiology pathogenesis of COVID-19. However, these methods not significantly improved treatment outcomes. may partly be attributable their inability at restoring redox inflammatory homeostasis, for molecular hydrogen (H

Language: Английский

---

Emerging role of ferroptosis in breast cancer: New dawn for overcoming tumor progression

Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 232, P. 107992 - 107992

Published: Oct. 1, 2021

Language: Английский

---

A Mechanistic Link Between Selenium and Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)

Current Nutrition Reports, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 10(2), P. 125 - 136

Published: April 9, 2021

Language: Английский

---

SARS-CoV2 infection impairs the metabolism and redox function of cellular glutathione

Redox Biology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 45, P. 102041 - 102041

Published: June 10, 2021

Viral infections sustain their replication cycle promoting a pro-oxidant environment in the host cell. In this context, specific alterations of levels and homeostatic function tripeptide glutathione have been reported to play causal role cytopathic effects (CPE) virus. study, these aspects were investigated for first time SARS-CoV2-infected Vero E6 cells, reliable well-characterized vitro model infection. SARS-CoV2 markedly decreased cellular thiols, essentially lowering reduced form (GSH). Such an important defect occurred early CPE process (in 24 hpi). Thiol analysis N-acetyl-Cys (NAC)-treated cells membrane transporter expression data demonstrated that both lowered uptake GSH biosynthesis precursor Cys increased efflux could context. Increased oxidized (GSSG) protein glutathionylation also observed along with upregulation ER stress marker PERK. The antiviral drugs Remdesivir (Rem) Nelfinavir (Nel) influenced changes at different levels, confirming importance or blocking viral prevent depletion Accordingly, Nel, most potent our produced timely activation Nrf2 transcription factor enhancing response synergized NAC restore infected cells. Despite poor potency function, Rem treatment was found SARS-CoV2-induced proteins. conclusion, infection impairs metabolism glutathione. Nel can such vitro.

Language: Английский

---