Abiotic Stress and Reactive Oxygen Species: Generation, Signaling, and Defense Mechanisms

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 10(2), P. 277 - 277

Published: Feb. 11, 2021

Climate change is an invisible, silent killer with calamitous effects on living organisms. As the sessile organism, plants experience a diverse array of abiotic stresses during ontogenesis. The relentless climatic changes amplify intensity and duration stresses, making dwindle to survive. Plants convert 1-2% consumed oxygen into reactive species (ROS), in particular, singlet (1O2), superoxide radical (O2•-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), hydroxyl (•OH), etc. as byproduct aerobic metabolism different cell organelles such chloroplast, mitochondria, regulatory network comprising enzymatic non-enzymatic antioxidant systems tends keep magnitude ROS within plant cells non-damaging level. However, under stress conditions, production rate increases exponentially, exceeding potential scavengers instigating oxidative burst, which affects biomolecules disturbs cellular redox homeostasis. are similar double-edged sword; and, when present below threshold level, mediate signaling pathways that actuate growth, development, acclimatization against stresses. displays both detrimental beneficial effects. exact mediated alleviation yet be fully elucidated. Therefore, review deposits information about status known sites production, mechanisms/pathways, effects, management stress. In addition, role played by advancement modern techniques molecular priming, biology, phenomics, crop modeling preventing stress, well diverting has been canvassed.

Language: Английский

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Regulation of Plant Responses to Salt Stress

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 22(9), P. 4609 - 4609

Published: April 28, 2021

Salt stress is a major environmental that affects plant growth and development. Plants are sessile thus have to develop suitable mechanisms adapt high-salt environments. increases the intracellular osmotic pressure can cause accumulation of sodium toxic levels. Thus, in response salt signals, plants via various mechanisms, including regulating ion homeostasis, activating pathway, mediating hormone signaling, cytoskeleton dynamics cell wall composition. Unraveling underlying these physiological biochemical responses could provide valuable strategies improve agricultural crop yields. In this review, we summarize recent developments our understanding regulation stress.

Language: Английский

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Reactive Oxygen Species in Plants: From Source to Sink

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(2), P. 225 - 225

Published: Jan. 25, 2022

Reactive oxygen species (ROS, partial reduction or derivatives of free radicals) are highly reactive, dangerous and can cause oxidative cell death. In addition to their role as toxic by-products aerobic metabolism, ROS play a in the control regulation biological processes such growth, cycle, programmed death, hormone signaling, biotic abiotic stress reactions development. always arise plants by-product several metabolic that located different compartments, result inevitable escape electrons from electron transport activities chloroplasts, mitochondria plasma membranes. These reactive formed mitochondria, membranes, peroxisomes, apoplasts, endoplasmic reticulum walls. The action many non-enzymatic enzymatic antioxidants present tissues is required for efficient scavenging generated during various environmental stressors. current review provides an in-depth look at fate plants, beneficial managing other irregularities. production sites also explained with negative effects. addition, biochemical properties sources generation, capture systems, influence on biochemistry crosstalk signaling molecules/pathways discussed.

Language: Английский

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Cellular Red-Ox system in health and disease: The latest update

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 162, P. 114606 - 114606

Published: March 28, 2023

Cells are continually exposed to reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated during cellular metabolism. Apoptosis, necrosis, and autophagy biological processes involving a feedback cycle that causes ROS molecules induce oxidative stress. To adapt exposure, living cells develop various defense mechanisms neutralize use as signaling molecule. The redox networks combine pathways regulate cell metabolism, energy, survival, death. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) essential antioxidant enzymes required for scavenging in compartments response stressful situations. Among the non-enzymatic defenses, vitamin C, (GSH), polyphenols, carotenoids, E, etc., also essential. This review article describes how produced byproducts of oxidation/reduction (redox) antioxidants system is directly or indirectly engaged ROS. In addition, we used computational methods determine comparative profile binding energies several with enzymes. analysis demonstrates high affinity their structures.

Language: Английский

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Plant Hormone-Mediated Regulation of Heat Tolerance in Response to Global Climate Change

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: Feb. 11, 2021

Agriculture is largely dependent on climate and highly vulnerable to change. The global mean surface temperatures are increasing due Temperature beyond the physiological optimum for growth induces heat stress in plants causing detrimental irreversible damage plant development, growth, as well productivity. Plants have evolved adaptive mechanisms response stress. classical hormones, such auxin, abscisic acid (ABA), brassinosteroids (BRs), cytokinin (CK), salicylic (SA), jasmonate (JA), ethylene (ET), integrate environmental stimuli endogenous signals regulate defensive various abiotic stresses, including heat. Exogenous applications of those hormones prior or parallel render more thermotolerant. In this review, we summarized recent progress current understanding roles phytohormones defending against underlying signal transduction pathways. We also discussed implication basic knowledge hormone-regulated responsive mechanism develop heat-resilient an effective efficient way cope with warming.

Language: Английский

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The Role of Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria in Alleviating the Adverse Effects of Drought on Plants

Biology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 10(6), P. 520 - 520

Published: June 11, 2021

Plant growth-promoting bacteria play an essential role in enhancing the physical, chemical and biological characters of soils by facilitating nutrient uptake water flow, especially under abiotic stress conditions, which are major constrains to agricultural development production. Drought is one most harmful perhaps severe problem facing sustainability, leading a shortage crop productivity. affects plant growth causing hormonal membrane stability perturbations, imbalance physiological disorders. Furthermore, drought causes remarkable decrease leaf numbers, relative content, sugar yield, root chlorophyll b ascorbic acid concentrations. However, concentrations total phenolic compounds, electrolyte leakage, lipid peroxidation, amounts proline, reactive oxygen species considerably increased because stress. This negative impact can be eliminated using (PGPB). Under application PGPB improve adjusting balance, maintaining status producing regulators. positively biochemical characteristics, resulting photosynthetic pigments acid. Conversely, leakage compounds decreased presence PGPB. The current review gives overview on plants pivotal mitigating effects antioxidant defense systems increasing yield sustainable agriculture.

Language: Английский

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Abiotic Stress in Crop Species: Improving Tolerance by Applying Plant Metabolites

Plants, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 10(2), P. 186 - 186

Published: Jan. 20, 2021

Reductions in crop yields brought about by abiotic stress are expected to increase as climate change, and other factors, generate harsher environmental conditions regions traditionally used for cultivation. Although breeding genetically modified edited organisms have generated many varieties with greater tolerance, their practical use depends on lengthy processes, such biological cycles legal aspects. On the hand, a non-genetic approach improve yield involves exogenous application of natural compounds, including plant metabolites. In this review, we examine recent literature related different primary (proline, l-tryptophan, glutathione, citric acid) secondary (polyols, ascorbic acid, lipoic glycine betaine, α-tocopherol, melatonin) metabolites improving tolerance stress. We focus drought, saline, heavy metal, temperature parameters that forecast become more extreme or frequent continues alter. The benefits applications often evaluated measuring effects metabolic, biochemical, morphological variety plants, which usually result improved when applied greenhouse field. As strategy has proven be an effective way raise stress, also discuss prospect its widespread implementation short term.

Language: Английский

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A Review on Plant Responses to Salt Stress and Their Mechanisms of Salt Resistance

Horticulturae, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 7(6), P. 132 - 132

Published: June 3, 2021

Nowadays, crop insufficiency resulting from soil salinization is threatening the world. On basis that has become a worldwide problem, studying mechanisms of plant salt tolerance great theoretical and practical significance to improve yield, cultivate new salt-tolerant varieties, make full use saline land. Based on previous studies, this paper reviews damage stress plants, including suppression photosynthesis, disturbance ion homeostasis, membrane peroxidation. We have also summarized physiological tolerance, reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging osmotic adjustment. Four main stress-related signaling pathways, overly sensitive (SOS) pathway, calcium-dependent protein kinase (CDPK) mitogen-activated (MAPKs) abscisic acid (ABA) are included. enumerated some stress-responsive genes correspond mechanisms. In end, we outlined present approaches techniques plants. All in all, reviewed those aspects above, hope providing valuable background knowledge for future cultivation agricultural forestry

Language: Английский

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Effects of Abiotic Stress on Soil Microbiome

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 22(16), P. 9036 - 9036

Published: Aug. 21, 2021

Rhizospheric organisms have a unique manner of existence since many factors can influence the shape microbiome. As we all know, harnessing interaction between soil microbes and plants is critical for sustainable agriculture ecosystems. We achieve agricultural practice by incorporating plant-microbiome as positive technology. The contribution this has piqued interest experts, who plan to do more research using beneficial microorganism in order accomplish vision. Plants engage wide range interrelationship with microorganism, spanning entire spectrum ecological potential which be mutualistic, commensal, neutral, exploitative, or competitive. Mutualistic found plant-associated microbial communities assist their host number ways. Many studies demonstrated that microbiome may provide significant advantages plant. However, various conditions (pH, temperature, oxygen, physics-chemistry moisture), environments (drought, submergence, metal toxicity salinity), plant types/genotype, practices result distinct composition characteristics, well its mechanism promote development defence against these stressors. In paper, an in-depth overview how above are able affect structure change below ground interactions. Future prospects will also discussed.

Language: Английский

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Seed priming as a cost effective technique for developing plants with cross tolerance to salinity stress

Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 162, P. 247 - 257

Published: Feb. 26, 2021

Language: Английский

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